@article {22753, title = {Diversity and abundance of a pollinator group: hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in forests and surrounding farmlands, East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Sciences \& Natural Resources}, volume = {31}, year = {2022}, month = {10/2022}, pages = {556307}, chapter = {556307}, abstract = {

\"Pollinators are now facing a drastic biodiversity fall in various parts of our world. In Africa data to measure and monitor their biodiversity trend is still inadequate and concentrated more on some insect pollinator groups, especially bees and butterflies. In this study, hawkmoth diversity and abundance in East Usambara Mountains were assessed. Data collection was conducted from three different habitat types that included thick vegetation assemblage with canopy cover, edges of the forest, and farmlands between 2017 and 2019. Hawkmoths were captured using a UV-light trap 250W mercury bulb in 12 sampling sites. A total of 35 hawkmoth species and 991 individuals belonging to the family Sphingidae were identified. The highest hawkmoth abundance was recorded from forest edges (p \< 0.05). Canopy cover and farmlands showed lower hawkmoth abundance. Accordingly, higher Shannon Weiner diversity indices were recorded from canopy cover and forest edges (p \< 0.05). Farmlands had the lowest Shannon Weiner diversity index. Differences in diversity and abundance of hawkmoths among three habitat types suggest that accelerating anthropogenic factors has led to the destruction of natural habitats. Meanwhile, natural habitat destruction has often been found to exert adverse effects on biodiversity. Moreover, the decline in biodiversity of pollinator insects like hawkmoths hinders the vital pollination service to both crops and wild flora. East Usambara Mountains are still an important refuge for many species that become restricted to different environments due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure, hence calling for regular pollinator conservation and monitoring. This study will provide the baseline data on hawkmoth species richness, abundances and diversity for potential conservation and monitoring programs.\"

}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ANDRIASA, BASIOTHIA, CENTROCTENA, CEPHONODES, CHLOROCLANIS, COELONIA, CONSERVATION, DAPHNIS, DIVERSITY, EASTERN ARC MOUNTAINS, EUCHLORON, FALCATULA, HABITAT DISTURBANCE, HIPPOTION, MACROGLOSSUM, MACROPOLIANA, NEOCLANIS, NEPHELE, PANTOPHAEA, POLLINATION, POLYPTYCHUS, PSEUDOCLANIS, SHANNON-WEINER INDEX, SPHINGIDAE, TANZANIA, TEMNORA, THERETRA, USAMBARA, WORLDMAP1, XANTHOPAN}, doi = {10.19080/IJESNR.2022.31.556307}, author = {Sallema, A.E. and Selemani, S.S.} } @article {22637, title = {The moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of vagamon hills (Western Ghats), Idukki district, Kerala, India}, journal = {International Journal of Entomology Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2018}, pages = {114-120}, chapter = {114}, abstract = {

\"The present study was conducted at Vagamon hill station to evaluate the biodiversity of moths. During the present study, a total of 675 moth specimens were collected from the study area which represented 112 species from 16 families and eight super families. Though much of the species has been reported earlier from other parts of India, 15 species were first records for the state of Kerala. The highest species richness was shown by the family Erebidae and the least by the families Lasiocampidae, Uraniidae, Notodontidae, Pyralidae, Yponomeutidae, Zygaenidae and Hepialidae with one species each. The results of this preliminary study are promising; it sheds light on the unknown biodiversity of Vagamon hills which needs to be strengthened through comprehensive future surveys.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, CEPHONODES, HIPPOTION, INDIA, LEPIDOPTERA, LEUCOPHLEBIA, MACROGLOSSUM, MARUMBA, NEPHELE, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA}, issn = {2455-4758}, author = {Mathew, P. and Anand, S. and Sivasankaran, K. and Ignacimuthu, S.} } @article {22413, title = {Preliminary conservation status and needs of an oceanic island fauna: the case of Seychelles insects}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {12}, year = {2008}, pages = {293-305}, chapter = {293}, abstract = {

\"Islands are generally reported to have much higher extinction rates and levels of threat than continental areas. This perception is based largely on studies of vertebrates. A recent assessment of the biodiversity of the Seychelles islands enables the status of a range of taxonomic groups to be compared. A high proportion of the fauna is found to be threatened, with Dictyoptera being the most threatened insect order (51\% of 34 native species) followed by Orthoptera (47\% of 68 species). Lower levels of threat are found in Diptera (28\% of 562 species), Dermaptera (24\% of 21 species) and Lepidoptera (21\% of 517 species). Differences between the orders relate mainly to distribution patterns, with the most threatened orders having the highest proportions of endemic and restricted range species. The main threats for most orders are habitat deterioration due to invasion by introduced plant species, sea level rise and climate change. These threat factors are different from those reported to affect vertebrates, which are generally considered to be threatened by introduced predators resulting in critically low population sizes. These findings indicate that conservation sources would be more useful and cost effective for insect conservation if directed to habitat maintenance and restoration rather than to alien predator control.\"

}, keywords = {CEPHONODES, CONSERVATION, EXTINCTION, INSECTA, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, SEYCHELLES, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-008-9156-3}, author = {Gerlach, J.} } @article {22374, title = {Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Delhi, India: an illustrated checklist based on museum specimens and surveys}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, month = {10/2021}, pages = {e73997}, chapter = {e73997}, abstract = {

\"Background
There have been several recent checklists, books and publications about Indian moths; however, much of this work has focused on biodiversity hotspots such as North-east India, Western Ghats and Western Himalayas. There is a lack of published literature on urban centres in India, despite the increased need to monitor insects at sites with high levels of human disturbance. In this study, we examine the moths of Delhi, the national capital region of India, one of the fastest growing mega-metropolitan cities. We present a comprehensive checklist of 338 moths species using 8 years of light trapping data (2012-2020) and examining about 2000 specimens from historical collections at the National Pusa Collection of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (NPCIARI) spanning over 100 years (1907-2020). The checklist comprises moths from 32 families spanning 14 superfamilies with Noctuoidea (48.5\%) and Pyraloidea (20.4\%) being the the two most dominant superfamilies. We provide links to images of live individuals and pinned specimens for all moths and provide detailed distribution records and an updated
taxonomic treatment.

New information
This is the first comprehensive annotated checklist of the moths of Delhi. The present study adds 234 species to the biodiversity of moths from Delhi that were not reported previously, along with illustrations for 195 species.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, CEPHONODES, CHECKLIST, CLANIS, DAPHNIS, EUPTEROTE, EUPTEROTIDAE, HIPPOTION, HYLES, INDIA, LEPIDOPTERA, LEUCOPHLEBIA, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, TRILOCHA, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.9.e73997}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e73997}, author = {Komal, J. and Shashank, P.R. and Sondhi, S. and Madan, S. and Sondhi, Y. and Meshram, N.M. and Anooj, S.S.} } @book {21973, title = {A field guide to hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the state of Karnataka, India}, year = {2018}, pages = {110}, publisher = {Ekologick{\'e} centrum Orlov}, organization = {Ekologick{\'e} centrum Orlov}, address = {P{\v r}{\'\i}bram}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ACOSMERYX, AGNOSIA, AGRIUS, AMBULYX, AMPLYPTERUS, ANGONYX, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, CIZARA, CLANIS, DAPHNIS, DOLBINA, ENPINANGA, EUPANACRA, FIELD GUIDE, HIPPOTION, HYLES, INDIA, LEUCOPHLEBIA, MACROGLOSSUM, MALE GENITALIA, MARUMBA, MEGACORMA, NEOGURELCA, NEPHELE, PERGESA, POLYPTYCHUS, PSILOGRAMMA, RHAGASTIS, SATASPES, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA}, issn = {978-80-88300-03-8}, author = {Melichar, T. and Haxaire, J. and {\v R}ez{\'a}{\v c}, M. and Manjunatha, H.B.} } @inbook {21748, title = {Colour plates 143-324}, booktitle = {Systematic and illustrated catalogue of the Macroheterocera and superfamilies Cossoidea Leach, [1815], Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809, Thyridoidea Herrich-Sch{\"a}ffer, 1846 and Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 of the Arabian Peninsula}, volume = {Esperiana}, number = {20 (2)}, year = {2016}, pages = {149-364}, publisher = {Wissenschaftlicher Verlag-Peks}, organization = {Wissenschaftlicher Verlag-Peks}, address = {Schwanfeld}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, BASIOTHIA, BOMBYCIDAE, CAMPIMOPTILUM, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, EUCHLORON, HIPPOTION, HYLES, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, POLYPTYCHUS, PSEUDOCLANIS, PSILOGRAMMA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, TEMNORA, TRILOCHA, USTA, YEMEN}, isbn = {978-3-938249-07-9}, author = {Hacker, H.}, editor = {Hacker, H.} } @inbook {21748, title = {Family Sphingidae Latreille, 1802}, booktitle = {Systematic and illustrated catalogue of the Macroheterocera and superfamilies Cossoidea Leach, [1815], Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809, Thyridoidea Herrich-Sch{\"a}ffer, 1846 and Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 of the Arabian Peninsula}, volume = {Esperiana}, number = {20 (1)}, year = {2016}, pages = {51-60}, publisher = {Wissenschaftlicher Verlag-Peks}, organization = {Wissenschaftlicher Verlag-Peks}, address = {Schwanfeld}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, BASIOTHIA, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, EUCHLORON, HIPPOTION, HYLES, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, POLYPTYCHUS, PSEUDOCLANIS, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, TEMNORA, WORLDMAP1, YEMEN}, isbn = {978-3-938249-07-9}, author = {Hacker, H.}, editor = {Hacker, H.} } @article {21580, title = {{\'E}tat de nos connaissances des L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res H{\'e}t{\'e}roc{\`e}res de S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} et Principe}, journal = {Saturnafrica}, volume = {25}, year = {2017}, month = {04/2017}, pages = {11-27}, chapter = {11}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, BUNAEA, CEPHONODES, COELONIA, COSSIDAE, DAPHNIS, EREBIDAE, EUCHLORON, GEOMETRIDAE, HIPPOTION, LASIOCAMPIDAE, NEPHELE, NOTODONTIDAE, NUDAURELIA, PRINCIPE, PSEUDOCLANIS, SAO TOME, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, THYRIDIDAE, URANIIDAE, XANTHOPAN, ZYGAENIDAE}, isbn = {979-10-95105-04-6}, author = {Basquin, P.} } @book {20501, title = {Aid to the identification of insects}, volume = {2}, year = {1882}, month = {1882}, pages = {29}, publisher = {E.W. Janson}, organization = {E.W. Janson}, address = {London}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AMBULYX, ANAMBULYX, ANDAMANS, AUSTRALIA, BORNEO, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, FIJI, GHANA, GNATHOTHLIBUS, INDIA, LEUCOMONIA, MADAGASCAR, MADORYX, MARUMBA, NEPHELE, SOUTH AFRICA, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, VIETNAM, WEST INDIES}, author = {Waterhouse, C. O.} } @article {19807, title = {A revision of the lepidopterous family Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae (Supplement)}, volume = {9}, year = {1903}, month = {1903}, pages = {i-cxxxv + 1-972}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ACOSMERYX, ADHEMARIUS, ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AELLOPOS, AGNOSIA, ALEURON, AMBULYX, AMPHIMOEA, ANGONYX, ANTINEPHELE, BATOCNEMA, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, CECHENENA, CEPHONODES, CERATOMIA, CHAEROCINA, CLADISTICS, CLANIDOPSIS, CLANIS, CLARINA, CLASSIFICATION, COELONIA, CYPA, CYPOIDES, ELLENBECKIA, ENPINANGA, EURYGLOTTIS, FALCATULA, FOODPLANT, HIPPOTION, HOPLISTOPUS, HYLES, ISOPARCE, LANGIA, LAOTHOE, LEPTOCLANIS, LEUCOMONIA, LIKOMA, LINTNERIA, LOMOCYMA, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, MARUMBA, NANNOPARCE, NEOGENE, NEOGURELCA, NEPHELE, NYCERYX, PACHYLIA, PANTOPHAEA, PERIGONIA, PHANOXYLA, PHRYXUS, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLIANA, POLYPTYCHUS, PRAEDORA, PROTALEURON, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOCLANIS, PSILOGRAMMA, RETHERA, RHAGASTIS, RHODAFRA, RHODOPRASINA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, STOLIDOPTERA, TEMNORA, TEMNORIPAIS, TETRACHROA, THAMNOECHA, THERETRA, TROGOLEGNUM, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1(PART), XANTHOPAN, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37200$\#$page/1/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19779, title = {Notes on Sphingidae, with descriptions of new species}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {1}, year = {1894}, month = {1894}, pages = {65-98}, chapter = {65}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, AMBULYX, AMPHIMOEA, ANGONYX, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CECHENENA, CECHETRA, CEPHONODES, CLANIS, COCYTIUS, DOLBINA, EUPANACRA, HIPPOTION, HYLES, LEUCOMONIA, LOPHOSTETHUS, MACROGLOSSUM, NEOGENE, NEPHELE, PERIGONIA, PHYLLOXIPHIA, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, TEMNORIPAIS, THERETRA, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24179$\#$page/87/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W.} } @article {19590, title = {{\'E}levages de quelques L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res sphingides {\`a} Makokou, Gabon}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Sciences Nat.}, volume = {46}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {9-11}, chapter = {9}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, CENTROCTENA, CEPHONODES, COELONIA, DAPHNIS, EUCHLORON, FOODPLANT, GABON, HIPPOTION, HYPAEDALIA, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, NEPHELE, PSEUDENYO, PSEUDOCLANIS, RHADINOPASA, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, WORLDMAP1, XANTHOPAN}, author = {Pierre, J. and Michaloud, S. and Pierre-Baltus, C.} } @article {19491, title = {Les Sphinx de S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomologique de France}, volume = {107}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {294-296}, chapter = {294}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, CEPHONODES, CHECKLIST, COELONIA, DAPHNIS, EUCHLORON, HIPPOTION, NEPHELE, PSEUDOCLANIS, SAO TOME, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, WORLDMAP1, XANTHOPAN}, url = {https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsef_0037-928x_2002_num_107_3_16862}, author = {Oremans, P. and Pierre, J.} } @book {19105, title = {Les papillons de La R{\'e}union et leurs chenilles}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {496}, publisher = {Biotope \& Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle}, organization = {Biotope \& Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle}, address = {M{\`e}ze (Collection Parth{\'e}nope) \& Paris}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, BASIOTHIA, CEPHONODES, COELONIA, DAPHNIS, EUCHLORON, FOODPLANT, HIPPOTION, HYLES, IMMATURE STAGES, LEPIDOPTERA, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, RUNION, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Martir{\'e}, D. and Rochat, J.} } @article {18950, title = {L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res des {\^\i}les Seychelles et d{\textquoteright}Aldabra}, journal = {M{\'e}moires du Mus{\'e}um National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle}, volume = {37}, year = {1966}, note = {S{\'e}rie A, Zoologie}, month = {1966}, pages = {1-210}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ALDABRA, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, FOODPLANT, HIPPOTION, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, SEYCHELLES, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Legrand, H.} } @book {18182, title = {Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]}, year = {1819}, month = {1816}, pages = {431 + 72}, publisher = {J. H{\"u}bner}, organization = {J. H{\"u}bner}, address = {Augsburg}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, AMPHION, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, CLANIS, COCYTIUS, EUMORPHA, HIPPOTION, HYLOICUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MADORYX, NEPHELE, PHRYXUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, THERETRA}, author = {H{\"u}bner, J.} } @article {18074, title = {Schmetterlingsarten aus dem Gebiet von Moatize/Mo{\c c}ambique (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {14}, year = {1993}, note = {N.F.}, month = {05/1993}, pages = {71-80}, chapter = {71}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ARGEMA, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, EPIPHORA, EUCHLORON, HENIOCHA, HIPPOTION, LEUCOSTROPHUS, MOZAMBIQUE, NEPHELE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA_14_0071-0080.pdf}, author = {Goldbach, G.} } @article {17569, title = {Afrikanische Schmetterlinge}, journal = {Mitteilungen der M{\"u}nchener Entomologischen Verein}, volume = {3}, year = {1879}, month = {1879}, pages = {23-35}, chapter = {23}, keywords = {ACANTHOSPHINX, ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ANDRIASA, ANGOLA, ATEMNORA, BASIOTHIA, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, COELONIA, EUCHLORON, HIPPOTION, LOPHOSTETHUS, LYCOSPHINGIA, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, PLATYSPHINX, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Dewitz, H.} } @article {17251, title = {Descriptions of twelve new Sphingidae and remarks upon two other species}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {9}, year = {1927}, month = {1927}, pages = {99-109}, chapter = {99}, keywords = {AFROSPHINX, AMORPHA, ARGENTINA, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, COELONIA, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, NEOPOLYPTYCHUS, NEPHELE, NEW CALEDONIA, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @book {16939, title = {Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species g{\'e}n{\'e}ral des L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res H{\'e}t{\'e}roc{\`e}res. 1. Sphingides, S{\'e}siides, Castnides}, series = {Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species g{\'e}n{\'e}ral des L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res H{\'e}t{\'e}roc{\`e}res}, volume = {1}, year = {1875}, month = {1875}, pages = {1-568 + 1-4}, publisher = {Librairie Encyclop{\'e}dique de Roret}, organization = {Librairie Encyclop{\'e}dique de Roret}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ACOSMERYX, ADHEMARIUS, AGNOSIA, ALEURON, AMBULYX, AMPHIMOEA, ANGONYX, ATEMNORA, BATOCNEMA, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, CEPHONODES, CLANIS, COCYTIUS, DAPHNUSA, DEIDAMIA, ELIBIA, EURYGLOTTIS, GNATHOTHLIBUS, HIPPOTION, ISOGNATHUS, ISOPARCE, LOPHOSTETHUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARUMBA, MEGACORMA, MEGANOTON, NEPHELE, NYCERYX, PANOGENA, PAONIAS, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSILOGRAMMA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, TROGOLEGNUM, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Boisduval, J.B.A.E. de}, editor = {Boisduval, J.B.A.E. de and Guen{\'e}e, A.} }