@article {23034, title = {More than Olceclostera bifenestrata: New species and morphology of immature stages of Olceclostera Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea, Apatelodidae)}, journal = {Arthropod Systematics \& Phylogeny}, volume = {81}, year = {2023}, pages = {1063-1088}, chapter = {1063}, abstract = {

\"Apatelodidae is a family of Neotropical bombycoids that still needs to be studied in several aspects, as many groups of species have
not yet undergone a careful systematic revision. On the other hand, recent studies showed that some species known to be widely distributed
in fact form species complexes. Until now, Olceclostera bifenestrata Schaus, 1912, described from Costa Rica, supposedly
has a wide distribution, reaching the south of Brazil. We reviewed specimens from South America identified as O. bifenestrata. Using
morphological data and DNA barcodes, we discovered that South American specimens belong to four new species: Olceclostera
jairana sp. nov., Olceclostera quilombola sp. nov., Olceclostera xeta sp. nov. and Olceclostera wayana sp. nov. The four species
can be distinguished mainly by characters of genitalia, mostly in aedeagus structures. However, wing characters (number of hyaline
spots) and abdomen characters (number of patches of larger scales) may be useful for classifying species groups in Olceclostera.
Additionally, we illustrate and describe for the first time all the life stages of an Olceclostera species, including its chaetotaxy and
life history, and provide the first SEM images of the egg of an Apatelodidae species. We present a discussion about the morphological
characters of adults and immatures and their relevance to the systematics of Apatelodidae.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, APATELODIDAE, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, CHAETOTAXY, CHORION, COI, EGGS, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, MALE GENITALIA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MTDNA, OLCECLOSTERA, PUPA, VENATION}, doi = {10.3897/asp.81.e107507}, author = {Orlandin, E. and Piovesan, M. and Herbin, D. and Carneiro, E.} } @book {18174, title = {Familias: Lasiocampidae, Apatelodidae, Bombycidae}, series = {Mariposas del Ecuador}, volume = {15}, year = {2003}, note = {Publicati{\'o}n Especial}, month = {2002}, pages = {65}, publisher = {Compa{\~n}ia de Jes{\'u}s}, organization = {Compa{\~n}ia de Jes{\'u}s}, address = {Quito}, keywords = {ANTICLA, APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, CHECKLIST, COLLA, ECUADOR, EPIA, EPIOPSIS, EUGLYPHIS, LASIOCAMPIDAE, NESARA, QUENTALIA, TAMPHANOIDES, TITOIDES, TITYA}, author = {Pi{\~n}as_Rubio, F.} } @article {22742, title = {Immature stages, description of female, and redescription of male of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae)}, journal = {Neotropical Entomology}, volume = {2022}, year = {2022}, month = {11/2022}, pages = {[1-12]}, chapter = {[1]}, abstract = {

\"The genus Apatelodes Packard, 1864 comprise more than half of the known Apatelodidae species, but most of its species are placed in the genus without precise justification. The result is a heterogeneous group of species, probably forming a polyphyletic arrangement. Despite being relatively large moths and relatively abundant in light traps, only little information on the natural history and morphology of the Apatelodes immature stages has been published, and only one species is fully described including its immature stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge and provide information towards the definition of the identity of this genus, the present study describes the immature stages, provides a redescription of the male, the first description of the female of Apatelodes kotzschi Draudt, 1929, and we compare and discuss the morphological similarities among Apatelodes species. In general, the immatures of Apatelodes exhibits apparently well-conserved morphological characters, including the gross chaetotaxy configuration. Most differences are found in larval coloration patterns (mainly in the last instar larvae), pupa texture, and cremaster morphology. In contrast, imagos wings and genitalia are rich sources of diagnostic characters which can be used to identify species. However, there are still large gaps in the knowledge of the morphological characters and natural history of most species in the genus that hampers a more robust delimitation of the genus Apatelodes.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, BRAZIL, CHAETOTAXY, EGGS, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, MALE GENITALIA, PUPA, VENATION}, doi = {10.1007/s13744-022-01003-3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-01003-3}, author = {Orlandin, E. and Piovesan, M. and Herbin, D. and Carneiro, E.} } @article {22460, title = {From molecular data to natural history: a new species of Apatelodes (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae) from southern Brazil}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {100}, year = {2022}, month = {01/2022}, pages = {161-175}, chapter = {161}, abstract = {

\"Apatelodidae is a family of Neotropical bombycoids that is still poorly studied in several aspects. Besides being relatively large moths and abundant in light traps, only sources of information on the natural history of the family have been published, and basically none of this information has been used in the group\’s systematics. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of Apatelodidae life-history studies, we describe a new species of Apatelodidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from the Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil, including information from all life stages of the species. We also use DNA barcodes to support species delimitation. Apatelodes je sp. nov. can be differentiated from other species of Apatelodes by the colour of the wings, the morphology of the genitalia, and molecular evidence. Its relationship to other Apatelodes species is discussed taking into account its systematic position, morphology, and natural history.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, BARCODING, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, CHAETOTAXY, COI, DNA, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, LIFE HISTORY, MALE GENITALIA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PUPA, WING SCALES}, doi = {10.1139/cjz-2021-0160}, url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2021-0160}, author = {Orlandin, E. and Piovesan, M. and Carneiro, E.} } @article {22435, title = {Biological and morphological aspects of Drepatelodes Draudt, 1929, the genus sister to all other Apatelodidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea)}, journal = {Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

\"Despite their relatively high abundance in the Neotropics, so far only a few studies investigated the immature stages of the Apatelodidae. Still, the information available belongs to a few of the typical genera of the family, e.g. Apatelodes and Olceclostera, leaving the natural history of all other described genera mostly unexplored. Here we investigated the immature stages of the Drepatelodes friburgensis(Bombycoidea: Apatelodidae), a representative of the genus sister to the remainder of Apatelodidae, aiming to contribute to a broader view of the biological aspects of this neglected Neotropical family and provide new insights into the evolution of Bombycoidea. Additionally, we present a redescription of the male and the first description of the female of D. friburgensis. Drepatelodes friburgensis shows dome-shaped eggs, covered by scales arranged in radial bands. The larvae are ornamented with two conspicuous fleshy processes (on A3 and A8). The imago has a short proboscis and M3 and CuA1 fused in the hindwing. These characters alone have not been reported for Apatelodidae and may have importance in helping to understand the evolution of the group, here we discussed these characters in an evolutionary context for the family and its relationships within the Bombycoidea.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, APATELODIDAE, BRAZIL, CHAETOTAXY, CORYTHROGYNE, DREPATELODES, EGGS, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, PUPA, VENATION}, doi = {10.1080/01650521.2021.2003585}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2021.2003585}, author = {Orlandin, E. and Piovesan, M. and Carneiro, E.} } @article {22373, title = {The Bombycoidea and Mimallonoidea (Lepidoptera) of a research station in the grasslands of Southern Brazil}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {5048}, year = {2021}, month = {10/2021}, pages = {118-126}, chapter = {118}, abstract = {

\"We report the Bombycoidea and Mimallonoidea (Lepidoptera) observed at the the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\’s (UFRGS) Agronomic Research Station in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from September 7th to November 6th, 2018. This research station is situated in the Campos Sulinos (southern Brazilian grasslands) environment. As part of our inventory, we report the following Bombycoidea: 29 species of Sphingidae, 26 species of Saturniidae, at least seven species of Apatelodidae, and at least four species of Bombycidae. Within Mimallonidae we recorded eight species. New state records include the following Sphingidae: Xylophanes alineae, X. crenulata, and Perigonia stulta; and Mimallonidae: Mimallo grisea and the genus Menevia. Our study represents the first inventory of moths from this location and one of the few from the Campos Sulinos more broadly.\"

}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAZIL, CAMPOS SULINOS, CHECKLIST, MENEVIA, MIMALLO, MIMALLONIDAE, ORECTA, PERIGONIA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5048.1.6}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.1.6}, author = {Carvalho, A.P.S. and St Laurent, R.A. and Romanowski, H.P.} } @article {22351, title = {New species of Apatelodidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) from Andean countries}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {06/2021}, pages = {55-64}, chapter = {55}, abstract = {

\"A new genus, Asocia gen. n., is described for three new species of Apatelodidae from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, respectively A. irroratoides sp. n., A. virginis
sp. n., and A. doroshkini sp. n. In addition, a new species of Olceclostera Butler, 1878, O. leticiensis sp. n., from Colombia is described. The adults and male genitalia of all the new species are figured.\"

}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, ASOCIA, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, DNA, MALE GENITALIA, MEXICO, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, OLCECLOSTERA}, issn = {1803-1366}, author = {Herbin, D.} } @article {22026, title = {Phylogenomics resolves major relationships and reveals significant diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and relatives.}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {182 [1-13]}, chapter = {182}, abstract = {

\"Background: Silkmoths and their relatives constitute the ecologically and taxonomically diverse superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes some of the most charismatic species of Lepidoptera. Despite displaying spectacular forms and diverse ecological traits, relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and drivers of their diversity. To begin to address this problem, we created a new Bombycoidea-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) probe set and sampled up to 571 loci for 117 taxa across all major lineages of the Bombycoidea, with a newly developed DNA extraction protocol that allows Lepidoptera specimens to be readily sequenced from pinned natural history collections.
Results: The well-supported tree was overall consistent with prior morphological and molecular studies, although some taxa were misplaced. The bombycid Arotros Schaus was formally transferred to Apatelodidae. We identified important evolutionary patterns (e.g., morphology, biogeography, and differences in speciation and extinction), and our analysis of diversification rates highlights the stark increases that exist within the Sphingidae (hawkmoths) and Saturniidae (wild silkmoths).
Conclusions: Our study establishes a backbone for future evolutionary, comparative, and taxonomic studies of Bombycoidea. We postulate that the rate shifts identified are due to the well-documented bat-moth \“arms race\”. Our research highlights the flexibility of AHE to generate genomic data from a wide range of museum specimens, both age and preservation method, and will allow researchers to tap into the wealth of biological data residing in natural history collections around the globe.\"

}, keywords = {ANCHORED HYBRID ENRICHMENT, APATELODIDAE, AROTROS, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYCOIDEA, DNA, PHYLOGENOMICS, PHYLOGENY, TARGETED SEQUENCE CAPTURE}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1505-1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1505-1}, author = {Hamilton, C.A. and St Laurent, R.A. and Dexter, K. and Kitching, I.J. and Breinholt, J.W. and Zwick, A. and Timmermans, M.J.T.N. and Barber, J.R. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @article {21968, title = {Larvas y plantas nutricias de Lepidoptera en fragmentos de bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre, Colombia (Insecta: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {47}, year = {2019}, month = {03/2019}, pages = {5-24}, chapter = {5}, keywords = {APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, AUTOMERIS, COLOMBIA, DIVERSITY, DRY FOREST, EACLES, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, MOLIPPA, PERIPHOBA, POLYTHYSANA, SATURNIIDAE, TARCHON, ZANOLA}, issn = {0300-5267}, author = {Ricardo-Molina, R. and Murillo-Ramos, L. and {\'A}lvarez-P{\'e}rez, P.} } @article {21869, title = {Description of three new species of Apatelodidae from the southern neotropical region (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {788}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, pages = {3-17}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {

\"Three new species of Apatelodidae are described from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay: Apatelodes navarroi sp. n., Apatelodes chalupae sp. n., and Apatelodes ulfi sp. n., and are figured with their genitalia. Detailed examination of primary types leads to the establishment of a new synonymy: A. florisa Schaus, 1929 = A. schreiteri Schaus, 1924, syn. n., and a revised status for another Apatelodidae species previously misplaced in the Bombycidae: Apatelodes brunnea (Dognin, 1916), comb. n.\"

}, keywords = {APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, ARGENTINA, BARCODING, BOLIVIA, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, DNA, FEMALE GENITALIA, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PARAGUAY, QUENTALIA}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.788.25323}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.788.25323}, author = {Herbin, D. and Beccacece, H.N.} } @article {21844, title = {Nouveaux Apatelodidae du Mus{\'e}um d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle de Gen{\`e}ve (Lepidoptera Bombycoidea)}, journal = {Antenor}, volume = {5}, year = {2018}, month = {05/2018}, pages = {37-42}, chapter = {37}, keywords = {APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, MALE GENITALIA, OLCECLOSTERA}, author = {Herbin, D.} } @article {21830, title = {A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {02/2018}, pages = {e22236}, chapter = {e22236}, abstract = {

\"Background
Bombycoidea is an ecologically diverse and speciose superfamily of Lepidoptera. The superfamily includes many model organisms, but the taxonomy and classification of the superfamily has remained largely in disarray. Here we present a global checklist of Bombycoidea. Following Zwick (2008) and Zwick et al. (2011), ten families are recognized: Anthelidae, Apatelodidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Carthaeidae, Endromidae, Eupterotidae, Phiditiidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae. The former families Lemoniidae and Mirinidae are included within Brahmaeidae and Endromidae respectively. The former bombycid subfamilies Oberthueriinae and Prismostictinae are also treated as synonyms of Endromidae, and the former bombycine subfamilies Apatelodinae and Phitditiinae are treated as families.


New information
This checklist represents the first effort to synthesize the current taxonomic treatment of the entire superfamily. It includes 12,159 names and references to their authors, and it accounts for the recent burst in species and subspecies descriptions within family Saturniidae (ca. 1,500 within the past 10 years) and to a lesser extent in Sphingidae (ca. 250 species over the same period). The changes to the higher classification of Saturniidae proposed by N\ässig et al. (2015) are rejected as premature and unnecessary. The new tribes, subtribes and genera described by Cooper (2002) are here treated as junior synonyms. We also present a new higher classification of Sphingidae, based on Kawahara et al. (2009), Barber and Kawahara (2013) and a more recent phylogenomic study by Breinholt et al. (2017), as well as a reviewed genus and species level classification, as documented by Kitching (2018).\"

}, keywords = {ANTHELIDAE, APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAHMAEIDAE, CARTHAEIDAE, CATALOGUE, CHECKLIST, ENDROMIDAE, EUPTEROTIDAE, HIGHER CLASSIFICATION, ORECTA, PHIDITIIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236}, author = {Kitching, I.J. and Rougerie, R. and Zwick, A. and Hamilton, C.A. and St._Laurent, R. and Naumann, S. and Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @book {21767, title = {Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska}, series = {Series Faunistica}, volume = {118}, year = {2018}, pages = {580}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, organization = {Pensoft Publishers}, address = {Sofia}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, CANADA, CHECKLIST, LASIOCAMPIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, issn = {978-954-642-909-4}, author = {Pohl, G.R. and Landry, J.-F. and Schmidt, B.C. and Lafontaine, J.D. and Troubridge, J.T. and Macaulay, A.D. and van Nieukerken, E.J. and deWaard, J.R. and Dombroskie, J.J. and Klymko, J. and Nazari, V. and Stead, K.} } @article {21719, title = {The identity of some unrecognized Neotropical Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera) described by Francis Walker}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Zoologia}, volume = {18}, year = {2001}, pages = {153-157}, chapter = {153}, abstract = {

\"Three genera and four species of Neotropical Bombycoidea described by Francis Walker, formerly unrecognized, are here identified. Six genera and five species are synonymized, one genus is revalidated, and one reinstated, and five new combinations are established.\"

}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, CATALOGUE, CERODIRPHIA, HYLESIA, LABEDERA, LASIOCAMPIDAE, PROTHYSANA, SATURNIIDAE}, url = {http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v18n1/v18n1a18.pdf}, author = {Becker, V.O.} } @article {21717, title = {Description de nouveaux H{\'e}t{\'e}roc{\`e}res n{\'e}otropicaux (Lepidoptera Apatelodidae)}, journal = {Antenor}, volume = {4}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2017}, pages = {114-134}, chapter = {114}, abstract = {

\"One new genus and nine new species of Apatelodidae, collected in French Guiana, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama, Paraguay and Venezuela, are described and holotypes are illustrated together with their genitalia. All holotypes will be deposited in various national museums: the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France, the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S\ão Paulo, S\ão Paulo, Brazil, the Collection Padre Jesus S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\á, Curitiba, Paran\á, Brazil, and the Museo Nacional, San Jos\é, Costa Rica. The sequences of the COi gene are available for seven of these new species.\"

}, keywords = {APATELODES, APATELODIDAE, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COSTA RICA, EPHORIA, FEMALE GENITALIA, FRENCH GUIANA, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PANAMA, PANTELODES, PARAGUAY, VENEZUELA}, author = {Herbin, D.} } @book {20449, title = {Caterpillars of eastern forests}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {113}, publisher = {United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Technology Transfer Team}, organization = {United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Technology Transfer Team}, address = {Morgantown, West Virginia}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, LASIOCAMPIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Wagner, D. L. and Giles, V. and Reardon, R. C. and McManus, M. L.} } @article {19239, title = {The Bombycoidea: phylogeny and higher classification (Lepidoptera: Glossata)}, journal = {Entomologica Scandinavica}, volume = {25}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {63-88}, chapter = {63}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, ANTHELIDAE, APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYCOIDEA, BRAHMAEIDAE, CARTHAEIDAE, ENDROMIDAE, EUPTEROTIDAE, HIGHER CLASSIFICATION, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, LASIOCAMPIDAE, LEMONIIDAE, MIMALLONIDAE, MIRINIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Minet, J.} } @article {18607, title = {Area de Conservaci{\'o}n Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies \& moths}, year = {2018}, month = {2005}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COSTA RICA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LASIOCAMPIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso}, author = {Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W.} } @article {17584, title = {Host plants of lepidopteran caterpillars in the cerrado of the Distrito Federal, Brazil}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia}, volume = {45}, year = {2001}, month = {08/2001}, pages = {107-122}, chapter = {107}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, BRAZIL, FOODPLANT, LASIOCAMPIDAE, MIMALLONIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Host+plants+of+lepidopteran+caterpillars+in+the+cerrado+of+the+Distrito+Federal,+Brazil\&author=Diniz+I.+R.\&author=Morais+H.+C.\&author=Camargo+A.+J.+A.\&publication_year=2001\&journal=Revista+Brasileira+de+Ento}, author = {Diniz, I.R. and Morais, H.C. and de Camargo, A.J.A.} } @article {17350, title = {The butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of Kentucky: an annotated checklist}, journal = {Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission Scientific and Technical Series}, volume = {6}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {xiv + 1-220}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {APATELODIDAE, CHECKLIST, FOODPLANT, LASIOCAMPIDAE, MIMALLONIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Covell_Jr, C.V.} }