@article {23058, title = {Why flying insects gather at artificial light}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, month = {30/1/2024}, pages = {689}, chapter = {689}, abstract = {

\"Explanations of why nocturnal insects fly erratically around fires and lamps have included theories of \“lunar navigation\” and \“escape to the light\”. However, without three-dimensional flight data to test them rigorously, the cause for this odd behaviour has remained unsolved. We employed high-resolution motion capture in the laboratory and stereo-videography in the field to reconstruct the 3D kinematics of insect flights around artificial lights. Contrary to the expectation of attraction, insects do not steer directly toward the light. Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight bouts perpendicular to the source. Under natural sky light, tilting the dorsum towards the brightest visual hemisphere helps maintain proper flight attitude and control. Near artificial sources, however, this highly conserved dorsal-light-response can produce continuous steering around the light and trap an insect.Our guidancemodel demonstrates that this dorsal tilting is sufficient to create the seemingly erratic flight paths of insects near lights and is the most plausible model for why flying insects gather at artificial lights.\"

}, keywords = {ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, ATTACUS, BEHAVIOUR, DAPHNIS, DORSAL-LIGHT-RESPONSE, KINEMATICS, LIGHT ATTRACTION, NOCTUIDAE, ODONATA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-44785-3}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44785-3}, author = {Fabian, S.T. and Sondhi, Y. and Allen, P.E. and Theobald, J.C. and Lin, H.-T.} } @article {23045, title = {Life history and mitochondrial genomes of Salassinae and Agliinae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): new insights into the loss of cocooning behaviour and phylogeny of Saturniidae}, journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research}, volume = {???}, year = {2024}, pages = {17 pp.}, type = {Early view}, chapter = {??}, abstract = {

\"The subfamilies Salassinae and Agliinae are two monogeneric groups of the family Saturniidae. They were regarded as the non-cocooning saturniids in Asia. Since very little information on their life history and mitogenome has been reported, their origin and evolution are still poorly understood. In this study, nature-imitated rearing is used to record the life history of two Aglia and five Salassa species. In addition, four complete mitogenomes are presented, which are the first ones of these two subfamilies. The results show that both Salassinae and Agliinae have lost their cocooning. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the subfamily Saturniinae is not monophyletic due to the inclusion of Agliinae and Salassinae.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, AGLIA, ANTHERAEA, ATTACUS, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, CHINA, COCOON, CRICULA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, LOEPA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MITOGENOME, MTDNA, NEORIS, PHYLOGENY, RHODINIA, SALASSA, SAMIA, SATURNIA, SATURNIIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485323000676}, author = {Zheng, X. and Xu, Z. and Wang, D. and Zhou, C.} } @article {22999, title = {Critical re-examination of known purported fossil Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, month = {11/2023}, pages = {e16049}, chapter = {e16049}, abstract = {

\"We critically re-examine 17 records of fossils currently assigned to the lepidopteran superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes the silk moths, emperor moths and hawk moths. These records include subfossils, compression and impression fossils, permineralizations and ichnofossils. We assess whether observable morphological features warrant their confident assignment to the superfamily. None of the examined fossils displays characters that allow unequivocal identification as Sphingidae, but three fossils and a subfossil (Mioclanis shanwangiana Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994, two fossil larvae, and a proboscis in asphaltum) have combinations of diagnostic features that support placement in the family. The identification of a fossil pupa as Bunaeini (Saturniidae) is well supported. The other fossils that we evaluate lack definitive bombycoid and, in several cases, even lepidopteran characters. Some of these dubious fossils have been used as calibration points in earlier studies casting doubt on the resulting age estimates. All fossil specimens reliably assigned to Bombycoidea are relatively young, the earliest fossil evidence of the superfamily dating to the middle Miocene.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BOMBYCITES, BOMBYCOIDEA, COCOON, FOSSILS, MIOCLANIS, PROBOSCIS, PUPATION CHAMBER, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGIDITES}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.16049}, author = {Heikkil{\"a}, M. and Minet, J. and Zwick, A. and Hundsdoerfer, A. and Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {22843, title = {The Saturniidae of China (Lepidoptera) I. Subfamily Attacinae}, journal = {Sinozoologia}, volume = {10}, year = {1993}, month = {05/1993}, pages = {251-264}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {ANTHERAEA, ANTHERAEOPSIS, ATTACUS, CATALOGUE, CHINA, FOODPLANT, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Zhu, H.F. and Wang, L.Y.} } @article {22437, title = {Beobachtungen zum Kleinwuchs bei Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {19}, year = {2021}, month = {11/2021}, pages = {646-648}, chapter = {646}, abstract = {

\"Eggs of Attacus lorquinii C. \& R. FELDER, 1861 from Marinduque, Philippines were received from a Swiss breeder in January 2021. The larvae were reared successfully indoors in Germany between 11.ii.2021 and 22.iii.2021 using Ligustrum ovalifolium HASSK. (Oleaceae) as substitute host plant. Six larval instars were observed which are typical for taxa in the genus Attacus. 12 male and 10 female adults hatched from 22 cocoons between 03.v.2021 and 21.v.2021. Although the larval stages passed quickly and without losses during the winter season, one male and one female each with an unnaturally small wing size hatched from cocoon. So the question arises as to whether an occasional dwarfism would generally be possible with moths of the genus Attacus, or whether this observation must be attributed to unknown rearing influences, see also U. \& L. H. Paukstadt (2020). In our opinion rearing influences can almost be excluded in this case because the rearing conditions for all larvae were identical. No abnormalities were observed, except that individual larvae were smaller in size although they showed the same vitality. The lengths of forewings are shown in a table for comparisons.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, DWARFISM, FOODPLANT, REARING, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22410, title = {The Filippi{\textquoteright}s glands of giant silk moths: to be or not to be?}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {11/2021}, pages = {1040}, chapter = {1040}, abstract = {

\"The Filippi\’s glands (FGs), formerly \“Lyonet\’s glands\”, are paired accessory organs associated with the silk glands. They are unique to Lepidoptera caterpillars and their exact role is not clear. The FGs are thought to be involved in the construction of a silk cocoon in bombycoid moths. FGs can differ in size and shape, therefore, in this study we attempt to find a correlation between FG morphology and phylogenetic position within the Bombycoidea. We use light and electron microscopy to examine the presence and morphology of FGs in a range of wild (giant) silk moths and several related species. Our results confirm that the majority of studied silk moth species have complex type of FGs that continuously increase in size during larval development. We identified several species of giant silk moths and two hawk moth species that completely lack FGs throughout their larval development. Finally, in several hawk moth species in which FGs are well developed during the first larval stage, these glands do not grow and remain small during later larval growth. Our results suggest that FGs are not critical for spinning and that loss of FGs occurred several times during the evolution of saturniids and sphingids. Comparison of FGs in different moths is an important first step in the elucidation of their physiological significance.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ACTIAS, AGLIA, ANTHERAEA, ANTHERINA, ATTACUS, BOMBYX, CALLOSAMIA, DAPHNIS, FILIPPI{\textquoteright}S GLANDS, FOODPLANT, HYALOPHORA, HYLES, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, MIMAS, NUDAURELIA, PYRALIDAE, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE, SILK, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TELEA}, doi = {10.3390/insects12111040}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12111040}, author = {Sehadova, H. and Zavodska, R. and Zurovec, M. and Sauman, I.} } @article {22236, title = {Die Wehrdr{\"u}sen der Raupen von Attacus lorquinii C. \& R. Felder, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {18}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, pages = {306-312}, chapter = {306}, abstract = {

\"The life-history of Attacus lorquinii lorquinii C. \& R. FELDER, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from Marinduque, Philippines was already described by U. \& L. H. Paukstadt (2017). In autumn 2020 A. lorquinii was reared successfully by the authors and further observations on the defensive glands of the larvae were recorded and some pictures were taken. These additional observations and illustrations are intended to supplement our previous contribution on the defensive glands of the larvae of this giant silkmoth. Because of the special morphology of the defensive glands in comparison with those of other species in this genus, we assume that A. lorquinii represents the most plesiomorphic species within the genus Attacus LINNAEUS, 1767. A. lorquinii and A. suparmani PAUKSTADT \& PAUKSTADT, 2002 (Alor I., Indonesia) could have had the same ancestor.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, DEFENCE, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22228, title = {Korrekturen und Nachtr{\"a}ge (9)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {18}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, pages = {209-212}, chapter = {209}, keywords = {ANTHERAEA, ANTHERAEOPSIS, ATTACUS, CORRECTION, SATURNIIDAE, SYNTHERATA}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22183, title = {Eine neue Freilandfutterpflanze der Raupen von Attacus aurantiacus W. Rothschild, 1895 von Kai Kecil, Kai-Archipel, S{\"u}dost Molukken, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {18}, year = {2020}, month = {06/2020}, pages = {30-33}, chapter = {30}, abstract = {

\"In early 2020 an entomological expedition to the island of Kai Kecil, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia was carried out by the senior author to continue studies on the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). A primary foodplant for larvae of Attacus aurantiacus W. ROTHSCHILD, 1895 was found by F. Taschner on the island of Kai Kecil in May 1995, cf. N\ässig \& Taschner (1996). The plant has been identified being most probably Ficus sp. (Ficeae), cf. Paukstadt \& Paukstadt (2014). Very recently the senior author identified a further primary foodplant for this rare species of the genus Attacus LINNAEUS, 1767 on the same island: Polyscias nodosa (BLUME) SEEM. of the genus Polyscias J. R. FORST. \& G. FORST. (Araliaceae). The genus Polyscias contains more than 150 species. P. nodosa is a medium-sized generally unbranched tree growing to 30 m and attaining 50 cm in diameter. Vernacular names commonly used in the Moluccas are papaya hutan, kayu pohon papaya, and patah tulang. The distribution is Pal\äotropic from tropical Africa to the Pacific region. P. nodosa is found scattered in primary or more often in secondary evergreen or deciduous forests below 1000 m of altitude. The highest elevation on the island of Kai Kecil is below 100 m. In the wilderness and in the villages of Kai Island the larvae of A. aurantiacus have been never found on \“traditional\” foodplants thus far, which are known for A. atlas (LINNAEUS, 1758) from Southeast Asia (e.g., Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Persea americana MILL. (Lauraceae), Citrus L. (Rutaceae), and many others). P. nodosa has been recorded as one of the very few known primary food plants of A. crameri C. \& R. FELDER, 1861 from the islands of Ambon and Seram, Moluccas, too, cf. Paukstadt \& Paukstadt (2017). A second species of the genus Polyscias was observed being present on the island of Kai Kecil which remains unidentified at the time being. The early stages of A. aurantiacus were not confirmed at this tree species, thus far.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, FOODPLANT, INDONESIA, KAI ISLANDS, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, L.H. and Paukstadt, U.} } @article {22019, title = {Zur Kenntnis der Variabilit{\"a}t der Fl{\"u}gelocellen bei Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {17}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {495-504}, chapter = {495}, abstract = {

\"This paper to knowledge the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is exclusively dealing with the variability of the wing ocelli, in particular with the number of accessories of selected taxa of the genus Attacus LINNAEUS, 1767 of the tribe Attacini BLANCHARD, 1840. The adults of several taxa of Attacus were usually described being highly variable moths, cf. U. \& L.H. Paukstadt (2000a, 2002a). Recent breeding studies carried out by the authors confirmed that the adults are actually variable but they also revealed that the complete offspring of a single parent couple is morphologically very similar and inevitably barely variable in terms of the number of accessory fenestrae. Studies were carried out with A. atlas (LINNAEUS, 1758) from Thailand (Phrae Prov.), West Malaysia (Pahang), Indonesia (W Sumatra Prov., C Java Prov.), and A. erebus FRUHSTORFER, 1920 from Indonesia (S Sulawesi Prov.). The reared specimens were compared morphologically with ♂ and ♀ A. atlas from Indonesia (Aceh Prov.) which were collected at light traps by the authors from between 2006 and 2009 and with descriptions and illustrations in literature\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, SATURNIIDAE, WING PATTERN}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22019, title = {Beobachtungen zur Seidenraupenzucht und Seidenproduktion in Mitteljava, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {17}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {459-494}, chapter = {459}, abstract = {

\"This paper on the knowledge of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) deals with some observations made in the Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewah Yogyakarta), Indonesia on the breeding of the wild silkworm Samia ricini (JONES, 1791), and the production of wild silks. After the well known Jogja Royal Silk closed, the wild silk breeding and production commenced again in Yogyakarta by a group of three families very recently in 2017. The marketing of the products runs under the name of Jamtra (Jantra Mas Sejahtera) and jamtra-silk. The silks are spun and woven by using of ATBM-tools (= Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin; ind., [= non-machine weaving tools] = handlooms).
Wild silks were observed being traditionally produced from cocoons of S. ricini reared in Yogyakarta and Central Java, cocoons of Attacus atlas (LINNAEUS, 1758) which were wild collected in Central Java and Yogyakarta and the region of Sukabumi, West Java, and cocoons of Cricula trifenestrata (HELFER, 1837) which were wild collected in Central Java and Yogyakarta. Silk of Bombyx mori (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) reared in Pati (near Semarang), Central Java Province and now also imported from China was used as warp threads for the production of Cricula fabrics to reduce the price and for the stabilization of the final silk product. Rayon which was mainly imported from India was used as warp yarn for weaving of Attacus and mixed Attacus/Cricula fabrics for the same reason, to reduce the price of the final product and for the stabilization of the fabric. Rayon was mainly produced from Pinus sp. The final silk product contains about 50\% of pure silk (weft yarns) and about 50\% of rayon (warp yarns). Samia silk is also called Jantra silk and Sutera Singkong (= Singkong silk). The latter name is derived from singkong (= cassava), one of the two main food plants. Samia textiles were produced without adding further products and therefore contain 100\% pure eri-silk. No particular names were established for the wild silks and their products in Yogyakarta so far, except for Samia silk which is called jantra by local people. Names commonly used in Yogyakarta are Samia silk, Attacus silk, and Cricula silk which are derived from the generic names of the appropriate wild silkmoth.
Some samples of cocoons, raw silk, silk yarn and the final silk products of C. trifenestrata, A. atlas, and S. ricini are preserved in the Research Collection of Ulrich and Laela H. Paukstadt (Wilhelmshaven, Germany), cf. http://www-.wildsilkmoth-indonesia.com/1coc_vis.html.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, CRICULA, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE, SILK}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22019, title = {Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der F{\"a}rbungs- und Zeichnungsmorphologie der K{\"o}rper einiger Arten der Gattung Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {17}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {438-448}, chapter = {438}, abstract = {

\"This paper to knowledge the Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) is dealing with the color and pattern morphology of the body of selected taxa in the genus Attacus LINNAEUS, 1767 of the tribe Attacini BLANCHARD, 1840. Peigler (1989) provided short descriptions of the head, thorax and abdomen for many species of the genus Attacus. First more detailed descriptions on the color and pattern morphology of the body of selected taxa were provided by Paukstadt \& Paukstadt (2016). This first study on the color and pattern morphology of the body included ♂ Attacus atlas atlas (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Phalaena Bombyx) from West Java, ♂ and ♀ A. caesar MAASSEN, 1873 from the Philippines, ♂ and ♀ A. dohertyi W. ROTHSCHILD, 1895 from Timor, Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands, ♂ A. intermedius JURRIAANSE \& LINDEMANS, 1920 from Yamdena, Tanimbar Archipelago, and ♂ and ♀ A. suparmani PAUKSTADT \& PAUKSTADT, 2002 from Alor, Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands. In the meantime further studies were carried out using ♂ and ♀ A. atlas atlas from Bali, ♂ and ♀ A. atlas from West Malaysia, Thailand, and West Sumatra, ♂ and ♀ A. lorquinii C. \& R. FELDER, 1861 from Marinduque, ♂ and ♀ A. erebus FRUHSTORFER, 1904 from South Sulawesi, and ♀ A. crameri C. FELDER in von Frauenfeld, 1861 from Ambon. Pictures of fresh specimens were taken for illustrations and comparisons, since the size and shape varies considerably between fresh and dried specimens. In both sexes the color morphology of the head is confirmed being slightly variable but dorsally (vertex, occiput) almost similar the ground coloration of the dorsal parts of the thorax. The frons and the labial palpi are mostly similar colored as the legs. No particular pattern was observed being present at the head. It has been found that the color and pattern morphologies of the head are not useful for taxonomic purposes. The color and pattern morphologies of the thorax and the abdomen of ♂ and ♀ adults are somehow variable. The range of variability remains unknown so far. The thorax is mostly in ground coloration dorsally but shows a very complex pattern and color morphology laterally and ventrally. The spiracular ornamentation of the abdomen seems to be copied and enlarged to the thorax as already mentioned in the previous paper. The ventral parts are usually obscured by the legs and therefore not sufficiently visible. We herewith confirm that the color and pattern morphologies of the thorax seem to be hardly useful for taxonomic purposes. Despite the complex structures of the lateral and ventral pattern morphologies of the abdomen and so far unknown range of variability (all?) taxa in the genus Attacus could perhaps be defined due to the color and pattern morphologies of the abdomen. The ventral and lateral color and pattern morphologies of the abdomen of ♂ and ♀ adults of each studied taxon were found to be different from related taxa. Color and pattern morphologies of the dorsal parts of the abdomen were found to be taxonomically not useful due to a large overall color variability and lack of a particular pattern. We found that the color and pattern morphologies of the lateral and ventral parts of the abdomen of Attacus might be very useful for taxonomic purposes. Further studies on this matter based on some more species from different regions are considered needed.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BODY PATTERN, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {22019, title = {Entomologische Exkursionen in Mitteljava, Indonesien}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {17}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, pages = {407-432}, chapter = {407}, abstract = {

\"In February, May, June, and July 2019 four entomological excursions were carried out by the authors to Central Java (Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta), Indonesia. We commenced the excursions from the city of Pangandaran, which is a relatively small coastal city at the Indian Ocean of the West Java Province. Different routes along the southern coast of Java and through the volcanic central region were selected to study the landscapes. Special adventures, impressions and observations made during the trips, in particular on the fauna and flora of Java are reported herein. Observations were made on the recently collapsed production of wild silks by Jogja Royal Silk in Yogyakarta. Cricula trifenestrata javana WATSON, 1913 and Attacus atlas atlas (LINNAEUS, 1758) have been reared by local people in Karang Tengah, Kecamatan (= district) Imogiri, Kabupaten (= regency) Bantul for the silk production for and on behalf of Jogja Royal Silk. A new wild silk production was found being established very recently in the Special Region of Yogyakarta which is mainly using Samia ricini (JONES, 1791) for the local silk production. The silk is called Jantra Silk. A separate contribution supposedly follows.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, CRICULA, FOODPLANT, INDONESIA, JAVA, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE, SILK, TRAVELOGUE}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @book {22010, title = {The marvellous moths of China}, year = {2017}, pages = {403}, publisher = {Henan Science and Technology Press;}, organization = {Henan Science and Technology Press;}, address = {Beijing}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ACTIAS, AMBULYX, ANTHERAEA, ANTHERAEOPSIS, APOCALYPSIS, ARCHAEOATTACUS, ATTACUS, BRAHMAEA, BRAHMAEIDAE, CALLAMBULYX, CEPHONODES, CHINA, CRICULA, DAPHNIS, FOODPLANT, HAYESIANA, LANGIA, LEMAIREIA, LOEPA, MACROGLOSSUM, MEGACORMA, POLYPTYCHUS, RHODINIA, RINACA, SALASSA, SAMIA, SATURNIA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, issn = { 978-7-5349-8407-5}, author = {Wu, V.Y.} } @article {21859, title = {Die m{\"a}nnlichen Genitalstrukturen des Hybriden Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) x Attacus caesar Maassen, 1873 im Vergleich mit denen der Elterntiere (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {16}, year = {2018}, month = {08/2018}, pages = {179-184}, chapter = {179}, abstract = {

\"This paper deals with the ♂ genitalia structures of the hybrid Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) from Java, Indonesia x Attacus caesar Maassen, 1873 from the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The genitalia structures of the ♂ Attacus-hybrid are compared to those of A. atlas atlas (West Java) and A. caesar (Philippines, Leyte). The ♂ and ♀ adults of the hybrid A. atlas (N Thailand) x A. caesar (Philippines) and the mature larva were described and illustrated in color by Schulz \& Paukstadt (2011). The ♂ and ♀ adults of the hybrid A. atlas atlas (Java) x A. caesar (Philippines) and the 5th instar larva were described and illustrated in color by Paukstadt \& Paukstadt (2017). A ♀ aberration of the hybrid A. atlas (Thailand) x A. caesar (Philippinen) was figured in color by Weritz \& Paukstadt (2015). The ♂ genitalia of the hybrid is distinct from those of A. atlas (Java) and A. caesar (Philippines) in the structures of the cornutus of the aedeagus, the uncus, anellus, and the saccus, as well as the coastal lobe, median lobe and saccular lobe of the valva. The structures of the hybrid are not clearly intermediary the parent species.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, HYBRIDS, INDONESIA, JAVA, MALE GENITALIA, PHILIPPINES, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21780, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der intraspezifischen Variabilit{\"a}t von Attacus crameri C. Felder in von Frauenfeld, 1861 von Ambon und Seram, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {16}, year = {2018}, month = {02/2018}, pages = {59-68}, chapter = {59}, keywords = {AMBON, ATTACUS, INDONESIA, INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION, MOLUCCAS, SATURNIIDAE, SERAM, WING PATTERN}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21673, title = {Neue Erkenntnisse zu den prim{\"a}ren Futterpflanzen der Raupen von Attacus crameri C. Felder in von Frauenfeld, 1861 von Ambon und Seram, Molukken, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2017}, pages = {209-212}, chapter = {209}, abstract = {

\"During a fifth entomological expedition to the island of Ambon, Moluccas and a first entomological expedition to the island of Seram, Moluccas, Indonesia, which were carried out by the author in October 2017 (1st expedition in July-August 1997, 2nd in March 2015, 3rd in July 2017, and 4th in September 2017) new observations on the primary food plants of the larvae of Attacus crameri C. FELDER in von Frauenfeld, 1861 (Attacus) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) were made in the wild. Thus far three primary food plants were recorded for A. crameri from Ambon. Those are Duabanga moluccana BLUME (Lythraceae), cf. U. \& L. H. Paukstadt (2015), Polyscias nodosa (BLUME) SEEM. (Araliaceae) and Carallia brachiata (LOUR.) MERR. (Rhizophoraceae), cf. U. \& L. H. Paukstadt (2017). So far Rhizophoraceae is not finally confirmed by the authors because no early stages were found personally. During our fourth entomological expedition to Ambon a further primary food plant for larvae of A. crameri was finally identified. This has been Callicarpa pentandra ROXB. a species of the beautyberry tree, Callicarpa L. of the family Lamiaceae MARTINOV. During a first entomological expedition to the island of Seram, Moluccas Polyscias nodosa (BLUME) SEEM. (Araliaceae) was confirmed as one of the primary food plants for larvae of A. crameri from the island of Seram. An empty cocoon of A. crameri was found near Piru, West Seram, which is now preserved in the Research Collection of Ulrich and Laela H. Paukstadt (Wilhelmshaven, Germany).\"

}, keywords = {AMBON, ATTACUS, FOODPLANT, INDONESIA, MOLUCCAS, SATURNIIDAE, SERAM}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21673, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Biologie der wilden Seidenspinner von den Inseln Ambon und Seram, Molukken, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2017}, pages = {202-208}, chapter = {202}, abstract = {

\"Additional to our preliminary studies on approaching times of selected Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) to light traps, cf. U. Paukstadt \& L. H. Paukstadt (2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2009), further field observations in the Indonesian Archipelago were carried out and approaching times of wild silkmoths were recorded for the islands of Ambon and Seram, Moluccas, Indonesia. Our preliminary observations on approaching times are demonstrated in several diagrams and discussed. No obvious differenced were found in the approaching times of species which are distributed on both islands. We have to point out that the observed approaching times are solely indicating that the specimens in question are on the wings and came to light during a particular time range (window). So far we were not able to investigate the reason why the moths came to light at a particular time. Certain weather conditions (heavy rain showers, lightning, gales etc.) are likely to cause a scattering of nocturnal flight times. Further observations, records and studies are needed.\"

}, keywords = {AMBON, ANTHERAEA, ATTACUS, CRICULA, FLIGHT PERIOD, INDONESIA, MOLUCCAS, NEODIPHTHERA, PHENOLOGY, SATURNIIDAE, SYNTHERATA}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21673, title = {Die Wehrdr{\"u}sen der Altraupe von Attacus crameri C. Felder in von Frauenfeld, 1861 von Ambon, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2017}, pages = {194-201}, chapter = {194}, abstract = {

\"Larvae of Attacus crameri C. FELDER in von Frauenfeld, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) were collected by the author on the island of Ambon, Moluccas, Indonesia. A. crameri is a rare species of the genus Attacus LINNAEUS 1767 of the tribe Attacini BLANCHARD, 1840. This species is distributed on the islands of Ambon and Seram, central Moluccas. The distribution on further islands in the Moluccas, which is recorded in literature needs confirmation. For the first time being the function of defensive glands was examined at fresh outdoor (wild) larvae of this species. A few 5th instar larvae were collected on the island of Ambon during the trade winds in July 2017. That means that the larvae (and the author) encountered heavy rain 24 hours daily. 5th instar larvae were not immediately examined regarding defensive glands because no equipment has been available to carry out the examination and documentation. The larvae were taken to West Java were they immediately molted from 5th to 6th larval instar. Three larvae were kept indoors and three larvae outdoors, both groups on Ligustrum ovalifolium HASSK. (Oleaceae). After two days all outdoor larvae were found being attacked by very tiny ants (Formicidae) and dead. We have to point out that this ant species is certainly not a primary enemy of A. crameri larvae because the ants probably do not occur in the wild but in residential areas only. The 6th instar larvae were examined regarding defensive glands. It was found that the defensive glands were already activated during transport indicated by black residues of the secretion at the defensive gland complexes at the 9th and 10th (anal plate) abdominal segments. Contrary to previous observations, cf. L. H. \& U. Paukstadt (1997), two further defensive glands / gland complexes were found being present at the 6th instar larvae. Those are at the caudal end of the anal plate. During manipulation of the reduced scoli no droplets emerged from the glands but its surface became \“wet\”. This might indicates that a small quantity of secretion most probably emerged. On the other hands, after transportation the surface of the aftmost reduced scoli has been found with black residues of the secretion as at other reduced scoli of the 9th and 10th abdominal segments of the larva. As in A. lorquinii C. \& R. FELDER, 1861 and other species of the genus Attacus a well developed eighth row of scoli is present ventrolaterally at the thoracic and the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments which is almost missing in A. caesar MAASSEN, 1873 and much reduced in A. erebus FRUHSTORFER, 1904 and A. selayarensis NAUMANN \& PEIGLER, 2012. A further observation has been made on the coloration of scoli different from a previous description. The bases of some dorsal and subdorsal scoli are pale violet colored at the 5th instar larvae and the bases of the dorsal and subdorsal scoli are pale orange colored at the 6th instar larvae. The 5th and the 6th instar larvae and details of the defensive glands are illustrated in color.\"

}, keywords = {AMBON, ATTACUS, DEFENCE, EXOCRINE GLANDS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, INDONESIA, MOLUCCAS, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @book {21592, title = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Schmetterlingskunde}, volume = {Zweite Lieferung. Heterocera}, year = {1872}, pages = {[3] + pls [11-20]}, publisher = {J.P. Maassen}, organization = {J.P. Maassen}, address = {Elberfeld}, keywords = {ACTIAS, ATTACUS, CATALOGUE, COPIOPTERYX, GONIMBRASIA, HENIOCHA, NUDAURELIA, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Maassen, J.P.} } @article {21571, title = {Eine interessante F{\"a}rbungs- und Zeichnungsaberration bei Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) von Bali, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {170-172}, chapter = {170}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ATTACUS, SATURNIIDAE, WING PATTERN}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21570, title = {Die Pr{\"a}imaginalstadien von Attacus lorquinii C. \& R. Felder, 1861 von der Insel Marinduque, Philippinen, unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Wehrdr{\"u}sen der Raupen (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {135-169}, chapter = {135}, keywords = {ATTACUS, CHORION, DEFENCE, EXOCRINE GLANDS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, PHILIPPINES, PUPA, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21569, title = {Zwei neue Freilandfutterpflanzen der Raupen von Attacus crameri C. Felder in von Frauenfeld, 1861 von Ambon, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {127-132}, chapter = {127}, keywords = {AMBON, ATTACUS, FOODPLANT, INDONESIA, MOLUCCAS, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21568, title = {Ein neuer Attacus-Hybrid: A. atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) x A. caesar Maassen, 1873 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {121-126}, chapter = {121}, keywords = {ATTACUS, HYBRIDS, SATURNIIDAE, WING PATTERN}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21567, title = {Eine interessante Antennenaberration bei Attacus atlas atlas (Linneaus, 1758) von Bali, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {119-120}, chapter = {119}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ANTENNAE, ATTACUS, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21566, title = {Neue Beobachtungen zu den Wehrdr{\"u}sen bei Raupen von Attacus paraliae Peigler, 1986 von der Insel Peling, Banggai Archipel, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {15}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {91-118}, chapter = {91}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BANGGAI ISLANDS, DEFENCE, EXOCRINE GLANDS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, INDONESIA, LIFE HISTORY, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21347, title = {Ein interessanter intergenerischer Attacini-Hybrid (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {194-208}, chapter = {194}, abstract = {

\"The following contribution to knowledge the wild silkmoths deals in particular with a remarkable intergeneric hybrid of the tribus Attacini Blanchard, 1840: ♂ Archaeoattacus edwardsii (White, 1859) (Attacus) of the genus Archaeoattacus Watson in Packard in Cockerell, 1914 from Shillong, Meghalaya Province, India X ♀ Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) of the genus Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 from Java I., West Java Province, Indonesia. The artificial hybrid was reared by the senior author in 2013/2014. The 2nd instar larva, the mature larva and the male hybrid are described and illustrated in color for the first time being. The male adults show characters of both parent species as well as intermediate ones, characters of A. atlas atlas predominate.\"

}, keywords = {ARCHAEOATTACUS, ATTACUS, HYBRIDS, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, INDIA, INDONESIA, JAVA, REARING, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Weitzmann, A. and Paukstadt, U.} } @article {21346, title = {Eine interessante Antennenaberration bei Attacus atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) von Thailand (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {193}, chapter = {191}, abstract = {

\"This paper to knowledge the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) deals with an interesting aberration of the antennae of a female adult of Attacus atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) from Thailand, which is a species of the genus Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 of the tribe Attacini BLANCHARD, 1840. Aberrations in the structures of the antennae of male and female adults of the family Saturniidae Boisduval, [1837] 1834 are not very rare but often have been overlooked by the collector, cf. U. \& L. H. Paukstadt (2000, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). The authors illustrated an aberration of the female antennae of A. atlas (Thailand). Both antennae are almost twice as wide as in other specimens. Two females with the same aberration were found within a lot of specimens emerged from wild collected cocoons.\"

}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ANTENNAE, ATTACUS, SATURNIIDAE, THAILAND}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21345, title = {Gr{\"o}ssenunterschiede bei Attacus dohertyi W. Rothschild, 1895 von der Insel Timor (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {187-190}, chapter = {187}, abstract = {

\"The following contribution to knowledge the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of the Indonesian fauna deals in particular with remarkable intraspecific wingspan differences in reared adults of Attacus dohertyi W. Rothscild, 1895 from the western part of the island of Timor, Indonesia. Eggs of A. dohertyi were received from some females which came to light on the island of Timor. The rearing was carried out by the authors under laboratory conditions in Germany, cf. L. H. \& U. Paukstadt (2016). Considerable wingspan differences of the female adults were noted in the rearing of A. dohertyi. A possible reason for observed wingspan differences is discussed in this paper. The wingspan differences were most likely not due to a too large breeding density (crowding) and/or the quality of the host plant because most of the adults of the same rearing reached normal wingspans. We assume that small size adults were obtained because retarded small size larvae reached the final stage due to good care by the breeders. With other words, the natural selection which usually is present in nature was completely lacking. Two females of this rearing which are showing maximum wingspan differences are illustrated in color.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, FOODPLANT, REARING, SATURNIIDAE, TIMOR, WING SHAPE}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21344, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der F{\"a}rbungs- und Zeichnungsmorphologie der K{\"o}rper einiger Arten der Gattung Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {175-186}, chapter = {175}, abstract = {

\"This paper to knowledge the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in particular deals with the color and pattern morphology of the body (head, thorax, and abdomen) of selected species in the genus Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 of the tribe Attacini Blanchard, 1840. Peigler (1989) provided short general descriptions of the head, thorax and abdomen for many species of the genus Attacus. Thus far no detailed information on the particular color and pattern morphology of the body and its intraspecific variability has been found literature. No studies were found being recorded in literature whether the color and pattern morphology of the abdomen of the adults might be taxonomically useful in the genus Attacus. This first study on this matter deals with the color- and pattern morphology of the body of fife [sic] species of the genus Attacus. Those are ♂ Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Phalaena Bombyx) from Java I., ♂ and ♀ A. caesar Maassen, 1873 from the Philippines, ♂ and ♀ A. dohertyi W. Rothschild, 1895 from Timor I., Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands, ♂ A. intermedius Jurriaanse \& Lindemans, 1920 from Yamdena I., Tanimbar Archipelago, and ♂ and ♀ A. suparmani Paukstadt \& Paukstadt, 2002 from Alor I., Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands. Pictures of fresh specimens were taken for illustrations and comparisons, since the size and shape varies considerably between fresh and dried specimens. The color morphology of the head is slightly variable but dorsally (vertex, occiput) almost similar the ground coloration of the dorsal parts of the thorax. The frons and the labial palpi are mostly similar colored as the legs. No particular pattern was observed being present at the head. It was found that comparisons of the color and pattern morphology of the head are taxonomically not useful. The color and pattern morphology of the thorax and the abdomen of male and female adults are somehow variable. The range of variability remains unknown so far. The thorax is mostly in ground coloration dorsally but shows a very complex pattern and color morphology laterally and ventrally. The spiracular ornamentation of the abdomen seems to be copied and enlarged to the thorax. The ventral parts are usually obscured by the legs and therefore not sufficiently visible. We found that the color and pattern morphology of the thorax to be taxonomically hardly useful. Despite the complex structures of the lateral and ventral pattern morphology of the abdomen and so far unknown range of variability (all?) species in the genus Attacus could perhaps be defined due to the color and pattern morphology of the abdomen. Those are at least the species which were examined in this contribution. The ventral and lateral color and pattern morphology of the abdomen of male and female adults of each studied species were found to be almost similar but distinct from related species. Color and pattern morphology of the dorsal parts of the abdomen were found to be taxonomically not useful. But we found that the color and pattern morphology of the lateral and ventral parts of the abdomen of Attacus might be taxonomically very useful. Further studies on this matter based on some more species are considered necessary. Herewith we would like to provide suggestions for additional studies in particular.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BODY PATTERN, SATURNIIDAE, WING PATTERN}, issn = {1612-2674}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21200, title = {Die Pr{\"a}imaginalstadien von Attacus caesar Maassen, 1873 von de Philippinen unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Wehrdr{\"u}sen der Raupen (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {07/2016}, pages = {135-172}, chapter = {135}, keywords = {ATTACUS, COCOON, DEFENCE, EGGS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, PHILIPPINES, PUPA, REARING, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21200, title = {Die Pr{\"a}imaginalstadien von Attacus dohertyi W. Rothschild, 1895 von Timor, {\"o}stliche Kleine Sundainseln, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {07/2016}, pages = {95-132}, chapter = {95}, keywords = {ATTACUS, COCOON, DEFENCE, EGGS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, INDONESIA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, LIFE HISTORY, PUPA, REARING, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI, TIMOR, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Paukstadt, L.H. and Paukstadt, U.} } @article {21150, title = {Zwei neue Taxa der Gattung Attacus Linnaeus, 1767 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) von Buru (Indonesien) und Calayan (Philippinen)}, journal = {Entomo-Satsphingia}, volume = {9}, year = {2016}, month = {05/2016}, pages = {47-53}, chapter = {47}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BURU, CATALOGUE, INDONESIA, MALE GENITALIA, MOLUCCAS, PHILIPPINES, SATURNIIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Brechlin, R. and van Schayck, E.} } @article {21098, title = {Die Pr{\"a}imaginalstadien von Attacus suparmani Paukstadt \& Paukstadt, 2002 von Alor, {\"o}stliche Kleine Sundainseln, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {04/2016}, pages = {43-79}, chapter = {43}, keywords = {ALOR, ATTACUS, COCOON, DEFENCE, EXOCRINE GLANDS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, INDONESIA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, LIFE HISTORY, PANTAR, PUPA, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, author = {Paukstadt, L.H. and Paukstadt, U.} } @article {21098, title = {Eine interessante Aberration in der Fl{\"u}gelschuppenmorphologie bei Attacus atlas atlas (Linnaeus, 1758) von West Java, Indonesien (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {03/2016}, pages = {38-40}, chapter = {38}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ATTACUS, INDONESIA, JAVA, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21098, title = {Aberrationen in der Antennenmorphologie bei M{\"a}nnchen von Attacus suparmani Paukstadt \& Paukstadt, 2002 von der Insel Alor, {\"o}stliche Kleine Sundainseln, Indonesien}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {03/2016}, pages = {27-30}, chapter = {27}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ALOR, ANTENNAE, ATTACUS, INDONESIA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @article {21098, title = {Eine entomologische Expedition zur Insel Pantar, {\"o}stliche Kleine Sundainseln, Indonesien}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner}, volume = {14}, year = {2016}, month = {03/2016}, pages = {3-26}, chapter = {3}, keywords = {ATTACUS, INDONESIA, LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS, PANTAR, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE, TRAVELOGUE}, author = {Paukstadt, U. and Paukstadt, L.H.} } @book {20201, title = {Larvae of larger moths in Japan}, year = {1987}, note = {Sugi is editor, the others wrote the text of various families.; ; ; , \%2 1-120}, month = {1987}, pages = {453}, publisher = {Kodansha}, organization = {Kodansha}, address = {Tokyo}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAHMAEIDAE, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, JAPAN, LASIOCAMPIDAE, RYUKYUS, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Sugi, S. and Yamamoto, M. and Nakatomi, K. and Sato, R. and Nakajima, H. and Owada, M.} } @article {17013, title = {Ein neuer Inselnachweis von Attacus lorquinii C. \& R. Felder, 1861 aus dem Norden der Philippinen (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {22}, year = {2001}, note = {N.F.}, month = {2001}, pages = {183-186}, chapter = {183}, keywords = {ATTACUS, PHILIPPINES, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA_22_0183-0186.pdf}, author = {Brechlin, R. and N{\"a}ssig, W.A.} }