@article {22984, title = {Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the Coffee Bee Hawk Moth reveals the evolution of chromosomes and the molecular basis of distinct phenotypes}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {09/2023}, pages = {evad141}, chapter = {evad141}, abstract = {

\"Cephonodes hylas, the coffee bee hawk moth is a hawk moth species with unique characteristics, such as larvae feeding on gardenia, overcoming the toxicity of its iridoid glycosides, diurnal adults, and transparent wings. Although C. hylas is a fascinating model for molecular biological research, genome sequence analysis-based genetic approaches to elucidate these peculiarities have not yet been undertaken. We successfully achieved de novo genome assembly at the chromosome level of C. hylas comparable to the Lepidoptera model organism, silkworm. Additionally, 16,854 protein-coding genes were annotated, and the constructed genome sequence and annotated genes were of the highest quality BUSCO completion compared to closely related species. Comparative genome analysis revealed the process of chromosomal evolution from the Bombycoidea ancestral (n = 31) genome and changes in turnover at the chromosome level associated with chromosomal fusion events, such as the rate of repetitive sequence insertion. These analyses were only possible because the genome was constructed at the chromosome level. Additionally, increased the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate (dN/dS) ratios were observed in multiple photoreceptor-related genes that were strongly associated with the acquisition of diurnal activity. Furthermore, tandemly duplicated expanded genes containing many digestive and other enzymes and larval midgut-specific expression were also confirmed. These genes may be involved in the metabolism of genipin, a toxin found in gardenias. Using the genome sequence of C. hylas determined at the chromosome level, we have successfully identified new insights into the chromosomal evolution of Bombycoidea, as well as the relationship between the genome sequence and its characteristic traits.\"

}, keywords = {CEPHONODES, CHROMOSOME ASSEMBLY, CHROMOSOMES, DETOXIFICATION, DIURNALISM, EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, GENOME ASSEMBLY, HYLES, MANDUCA, OPSIN, SPHINGIDAE, WING TRANSPARENCY}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad141}, author = {Yamabe, T. and Kajitani, R. and Toyoda, A. and Itoh, T.} } @article {22962, title = {First insights into herbivore{\textendash}plant interaction of the spurge hawkmoth and Euphorbia cyparissias}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, month = {07/2023}, pages = {1197194}, chapter = {1197194}, abstract = {

\"The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) is an insect herbivore feeding exclusively on spurges (Euphorbia). These are toxic due to their secondary metabolites including diterpene esters with numerous harmful biological activities, preventing their use by most herbivores. Extracts of frass from H. euphorbiae and of its main larval food plant in Central Europe, the cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.), were analyzed via liquid chromatography using a triple-quadrupole (MS/MS) and a high-resolution\–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS). We report for the first time the finding of the tigliane (phorbol ester) phorbol-13-acetate and two 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) isomers of unknown structure (compounds 2 and 3) in E. cyparissias. Our data support the assignment of these two compounds as tiglianes and are therefore referred to by us as \“putative tiglianes\”. Additionally, the distribution of the three reported compounds within the plant parts (leaves, stem and root) was analyzed to gain first insights into the metabolite conditions H. euphorbiae copes with in nature. Phorbol-13-acetate was detected in the plant\’s root only, while the other compounds were observed in all three plant parts, although in different distributions. Moreover, our results indicate that the occurrence of compound 3 rises upon larval feeding. Finally, the presence of the plant-derived putative tiglianes in frass from E. cyparissias leaves feeding larvae is confirmed, corroborating the close plant\–herbivore interaction.\"

}, keywords = {FOODPLANT ASSIMILATION, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, HYLES, LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASS SPECTOMETRY, PHORBOL ESTER, SPHINGIDAE, TETRADECANOYL-PHORBOL-13-ACETATE}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2023.1197194}, author = {Fiedler, S. and Langner, M. and Oertel, R. and Vass{\~a}o, D.G. and Nitschke, J. and Gershenzon, J. and Hundsdoerfer, A.K.} } @article {22805, title = {The chemical constituents and economic plants of the Euphorbiaceae}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {94}, year = {1987}, pages = {293-326}, chapter = {293}, abstract = {

\"A chemical review of the different classes of compounds which have been isolated from the Euphorbiaceae (other than the diterpenoids) is given. This includes triterpenoids and related compounds (sterols, alcohols and hydrocarbons), phenolic compounds (flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, tannins, phenanthrenes, quinones, phenolic acids, etc.), alkaloids, cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. A summary of the industrial and medicinal uses of members of the Euphorbiaceae is provided.\"

}, keywords = {ALKALOIDS, COUMARINS, EUPHORBIACEAE, FLAVINOIDS, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL PLANTS, PYRROLIZIDINES, TERPENES}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/94/1-2/293/2648849}, author = {Rizk, A.M.} } @article {22718, title = {Nadelholzer (Coniferales) als ursprungliche Futterpflanzen der Gattung Actias Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)?}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {43}, year = {2022}, pages = {82-84}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {

\"Nadelbaumspezialisten wie Actias dubernardi (OBERTHUR, 1897), A. felicis (OBERTHUR, 1896), A. chapae MELL, 1950 oder A. isabellae (GRAELLS, 1849) werden innerhalb der Gattung Actias eher als Ausnahmen mit einer ungewohnlichen, im Laufe einer rezenten eiszeitlichen Abkuhlung hervorgegangenen Anpassung an in ihrer Umgebung vorherrschende Koniferen betrachtet. Ein Vergleich zwischen verwandten Arten im Hinblick auf die Raupenmuster sowie neue Befunde bezilglich ihrer Futterpflanzen lassen aber auch die umgekehrte Deutung zu und konnten sie als den alteren Typ ausweisen.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT EVOLUTION, IMMATURE STAGES, PINACEAE, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Dvo{\v r}{\'a}k, B.} } @article {22007, title = {Assessing specialized metabolite diversity in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia L.}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant science}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, month = {07/2019}, pages = {846}, chapter = {846}, abstract = {

\"Coevolutionary theory suggests that an arms race between plants and herbivores yields increased plant specialized metabolite diversity and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that coevolutionary interactions vary across geographic scales. Consequently, plant specialized metabolite diversity is expected to be highest in coevolutionary hotspots, geographic regions, which exhibit strong reciprocal selection on the interacting species. Despite being well-established theoretical frameworks, technical limitations have precluded rigorous hypothesis testing. Here we aim at understanding how geographic separation over evolutionary time may have impacted chemical differentiation in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia. We use a combination of state-of-the-art computational mass spectral metabolomics tools together with cell-based high-throughput immunomodulatory testing. Our results show significant differences in specialized metabolite diversity across geographically separated phylogenetic clades. Chemical structural diversity of the highly toxic Euphorbia diterpenoids is significantly reduced in species native to the Americas, compared to Afro-Eurasia. The localization of these compounds to young stems and roots suggest a possible ecological relevance in herbivory defense. This is further supported by reduced immunomodulatory activity in the American subclade as well as herbivore distribution patterns. We conclude that computational mass spectrometric metabolomics coupled with relevant ecological data provide a strong tool for exploring plant specialized metabolite diversity in a chemo-evolutionary framework.\"

}, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, COEVOLUTION, COMPUTATIONAL METABOLOMICS, EUPHORBIA, EUPHORBIACEAE, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, HYLES, IMMUNOMODULATORY TESTING, PHYLOGENY, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00846}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00846/full}, author = {Ernst, M. and Nothias, L.-F. and van der Hooft, J.J.J. and Silva, R.R. and Saslis-Lagoudakis, C.H. and Grace, O.M. and Martinez-Swatson, K. and Hassemer, G. and Funez, L.A. and Simonsen, H.T. and Medema, M.H. and Staerk, D. and Nilsson, N. and Lovato, P. and Dorrestein,P.C. and R{\o}nsted, N.} } @article {21902, title = {Chemical ecology traits in an adaptive radiation: TPA-sensitivity and detoxification in Hyles and Hippotion (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera) larvae}, journal = {Chemoecology}, volume = {29}, year = {2019}, month = {01/2019}, pages = {35-47}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

\"The larvae of several species in the hawk moth genus Hyles, including H. euphorbiae, feed on plants of the genus Euphorbia containing phorbol esters and are insensitive to addition of the standard phorbol ester, tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to their artificial diet. Specialised non-Euphorbia feeding larvae were sensitive, whereas polyphagous ones were insensitive if their natural food plant spectrum also includes Euphorbia. Larvae of Hippotion celerio, an out-group species with polyphagous larvae not using Euphorbia as food plants, were sensitive. A highly conserved sequence of the TPA binding site of the protein kinase C in H. euphorbiae and Hippotion celerio demonstrates that intoxication by phorbol esters is not avoided by preventing target binding. H. euphorbiae larvae showed no vitality loss after chemical destruction of their peritrophic matrix and subsequent TPA treatment. TPA fed larvae that had putatively piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-inhibited cytochrome P450 enzymes also showed no deficits, indicating that this is not the only detoxification pathway in H. euphorbiae. Based on these qualitative results, we postulate that proto-Hyles was polyphagous with the ability to use Euphorbia as food plants. The most ancestral Hyles species presumably remained polyphagous, with the ability to switch to the toxic food plants if necessary. Within the youngest, Palearctic radiation, the species specialised on non-Euphorbia plants subsequently lost detoxification abilities, albeit not to 100\%. The species in South America, the origin of Hyles, can detoxify TPA, indicating this ability to be a plesiomorphic character state within the genus that enabled its adaptive radiation in the Palearctic, the distribution and diversity centre of Euphorbia.\"

}, keywords = {EUPHORBIA, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, HIPPOTION, HYLES, PHORBOL ESTER, SPHINGIDAE, TETRADECANOYL-PHORBOL-13-ACETATE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-018-0274-4}, author = {Hundsdoerfer, A.K. and Buchwalder, K. and O{\textquoteright}Neill, M.A. and Dobler, S.} } @article {21732, title = {Variably hungry caterpillars: predictive models and foliar chemistry suggest how to eat a rainforest}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {284}, year = {2017}, pages = {20171803}, chapter = {20171803}, abstract = {

\"A long-term goal in evolutionary ecology is to explain the incredible diversity of insect herbivores and patterns of host plant use in speciose groups like tropical Lepidoptera. Here, we used standardized food-web data, multigene phylogenies of both trophic levels and plant chemistry data to model interactions between Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) from two lineages (Geometridae and Pyraloidea) and plants in a species-rich lowland rainforest in New Guinea. Model\  parameters were used to make and test blind predictions for two hectares of an exhaustively sampled forest. For pyraloids, we relied on phylogeny alone and predicted 54\% of species-level interactions, translating to 79\% of all trophic links for individual insects, by sampling insects from only 15\% of local woody plant diversity. The phylogenetic distribution of host-plant associations in polyphagous geometrids was less conserved, reducing accuracy. In a truly quantitative food web, only 40\% of pair-wise interactions were described correctly in geometrids. Polyphenol oxidative activity (but not protein precipitation capacity) was important for understanding the occurrence of geometrids (but not pyraloids) across their hosts. When both foliar chemistry and plant phylogeny were included, we predicted geometrid\–plant occurrence with 89\% concordance. Such models help to test macroevolutionary hypotheses at the community level.\"

}, keywords = {FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, GEOMETRIDAE, HERBIVORY, NEW GUINEA, POLYPHENOLS, PYRALOIDEA}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2017.1803}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1803}, author = {Segar, S.T. and Volf, M. and Isua, B. and Sisol, M. and Redmond, C.M. and Rosati, M.E. and Gewa, B. and Molem, K. and Dahl, C. and Holloway, J.D. and Basset, Y. and Miller, S.E. and Weiblen, G.D. and Salminen, J.-P. and Novotny, V.} } @article {20612, title = {Assay of the principal gustatory stimulant for the tobacco hornworm, Protoparce sexta, from solanaceous plants}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {53}, year = {1960}, month = {1960}, pages = {499-503}, chapter = {499}, abstract = {

\"Oviposition and feeding of the tobacco hornworm arc almost entirely restricted to plants of the family Solinaceae. Oviposition appears to be initiated by olfactory stimuli widely distributed in this plant family, and consequently it, is largely suppressed in the absence of host plants or after excision of the antennae. Both in the field and laboratory, the moths preferred tomato foliage over other solanaceous plants for oviposition. Larval feeding appears to be governed by gustatory stimuli common to plants of this family. On certain ones, such as Nicandra and Petunia, feeding and growth are limited by the presence of repellents or toxins. Some limited feeding occurred on certain nonsolanaceous plants after various periods of starvation.\"

}, keywords = {FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, MANDUCA, PHYSIOLOGY, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/53.4.503}, author = {Yamamoto, R.T. and Fraenkel, G.S.} } @article {20570, title = {Molecular interactions between ... Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. IV. Insect-induced ethylene reduces jasmonate-induced nicotine accumulation by regulating putrescine N-methyltransferase transcripts}, journal = {Plant Physiology}, volume = {125}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {2189-2202}, abstract = {

Full title: Molecular interactions between the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) and its natural host Nicotiana attenuata. IV. Insect-induced ethylene reduces jasmonate-induced nicotine accumulation by regulating putrescine N-methyltransferase transcripts.

}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, HERBIVORY, MANDUCA, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Winz, R. A. and Baldwin, I. T.} } @article {20537, title = {Herbivores and plant volatiles: part 1 - tobacco and tomato plants}, journal = {Creation Matters}, volume = {10}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {1, 6-8}, keywords = {CREATIONISM, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, HERBIVORY, MANDUCA, NICOTIANA, SOLANACEAE, SOLANUM, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Williams, E. L. and Howe, G. F.} } @inbook {19821, title = {Secondary plant substances and warning colouration in insects. Pp. 59-83 in}, booktitle = {Insect/plant relationships}, series = {Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London}, year = {1973}, month = {1973}, pages = {215}, publisher = {Royal Entomological Society of London/Blackwell Scientific Publications}, organization = {Royal Entomological Society of London/Blackwell Scientific Publications}, address = {Oxford}, keywords = {APOSEMATISM, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Rothschild, M.}, editor = {van Emden, H. F.} } @article {19626, title = {Artificial diets {\textquoteright}capture{\textquoteright} the dynamics of jasmonate-induced defenses in plants}, journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, volume = {1000}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {127-130}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Pohlon, E. and Baldwin, I. T.} } @article {19370, title = {The chemical basis of the host selection in the Catalpa Sphinx {ICeratomia catalpae} (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {56}, year = {1963}, month = {1963}, pages = {119-122}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Nayar, J. K. and Fraenkel, G. S.} } @article {19355, title = {Calystegines in {ISolanum} and {IDatura} species and the death{\textquoteright}s-head hawk-moth ({IAcherontia atropus} [sic])}, journal = {Phytochemistry}, volume = {34}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {1281-1283}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ALKALOIDS, DATURA, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, SOLANACEAE, SOLANUM, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Nash, R. J. and Rothschild, M. and Porter, E. A. and Watson, A. A. and Waigh, R. D. and Waterman, P. G.} } @article {19245, title = {Trade-offs in host use by Manduca sexta: plant characters vs natural enemies}, journal = {Oikos}, volume = {97}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {387-397}, chapter = {387}, keywords = {DATURA, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, MANDUCA, MARTYNIACEAE, PARASITOIDS, PREDATION, PREDATOR AVOIDANCE, PROBOSCIDEA, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Mira, A. and Bernays, E.A.} } @article {18627, title = {Wild species of {INicotiana} as a new source of tobacco resistance to the tobacco hornworm {IManduca sexta}}, journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, volume = {38}, year = {1985}, month = {1985}, pages = {157-164}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Jones, D. and Jones, G. A. and Hagen, T. and Creech, E.} } @article {18541, title = {Biology and host range of the hawk moth Nephele densoi Keferstein (Lep.: Sphingidae), a potential agent for the biological control of rubbervine Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae)}, journal = {Biocontrol Science and Technology}, volume = {9}, year = {1999}, month = {1999}, pages = {79-88}, chapter = {79}, keywords = {APOCYNACEAE, ASCLEPIADACEAE, BIOCONTROL, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, MADAGASCAR, MORACEAE, NEPHELE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09583159929938}, author = {Huwer, R.K. and McFadyen, R.E.} } @article {17501, title = {Foodplant selection and induction of feeding preference among host and non-host plants in larvae of the tobacco hornworm {IManduca sexta}}, journal = {Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata}, volume = {35}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {177-193}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {de Boer, G. and Hanson, F. E.} } @article {16774, title = {A substance which acts as a pH indicator from the moth Euchloron megaera}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology}, volume = {10}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {1109-1113}, chapter = {1109}, abstract = {

\"Wing scales of the moth Euchloron megaera L. (Sphingidae) contain a water-soluble green pigment showing pH indicator properties. This pigment has been isolated. The UV-visible spectra, the color changes, the reduction by dithionite, the polarity on SiO2 TLC, and the high molecular weight relate this pigment to an anthocyanidin derivative derived from the plant food. This result is discussed in connection with the presence of similar substances in plants of the family Apocynacea and in other moth species of the Sphingidae group, in which they play aposematic roles. As a hypothesis, it is suggested that the green pigment results from a reaction between Nerium sp. anthocyanidins (plant food) and NH2 groups of basic constituents present in the animal.\"

}, keywords = {ANTHOCYANIDIN, CAMOUFLAGE, EUCHLORON, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, PH INDICATOR, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00987516}, author = {Barbier, M.} }