@article {22982, title = {Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {226}, year = {2023}, month = {10/2023}, pages = {jeb245699}, chapter = {jeb245699}, abstract = {

Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ~10\% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressures which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensure that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.

}, keywords = {ADULT FEEDING, AGRIUS, CAPILLARY PRESSURE, CONTACT ANGLE, DARAPSA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FEEDING EFFICIENCY, FLUID DYNAMICS, FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION, HEMARIS, HYLES, MANDUCA, MENISCUS, PARATREA, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.245699}, author = {Palaoro, A.V. and Gole, A.R. and Sun. Y. and Puchalski, A. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {22871, title = {Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {290}, year = {2023}, pages = {20222185}, chapter = {20222185}, abstract = {

\"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CERATOMIA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, HAEMOLYMPH, HEMARIS, HOVERING, HYLES, MANDUCA, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISCOSITY, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218}, author = {Brasovs, A. and Palaoro, A.V. and Aprelev, P. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {17196, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des Sphingidae des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises (suite et fin)}, journal = {Bulletin Mensuel de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Linn{\'e}enne de Lyon}, volume = {43}, year = {1974}, month = {05/1974}, pages = {156-167}, chapter = {156}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FRENCH ANTILLES, HYLES, MADORYX, MALE GENITALIA, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Chalumeau, F. and Delplanque, A.} } @article {21386, title = {Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia)}, journal = {Ecolog{\'\i}a en Bolivia}, volume = {48}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {46-51}, chapter = {46}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, BOLIVIA, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1605-2528}, author = {Karger, D.N. and Abrahamczyk, S. and Kessler, M.} } @article {21082, title = {Sexual dimorphism and allometric effects associated with the wing shape of seven moth species of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {107}, chapter = {107}, keywords = {ALLOMETRY, BRAZIL, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS, ISOGNATHUS, PSEUDOSPHINX, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, SPHINGIDAE, WING SHAPE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1093/jisesa/iev083}, author = {de Camargo, W.R.F. and de Camargo, N.F. and Corr{\^e}a, D._do_C.V. and de Camargo, A.J.A. and Diniz, I.R.} } @article {21229, title = {Les L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res Sphingidae de R{\'e}publique Dominicaine. Liste actualis{\'e}e et description de deux nouvelles esp{\`e}ces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae)}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {61-78}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

\"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos H\übner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April\  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new.\"

}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, BAHAMAS, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, COCYTIUS, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, LINTNERIA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, NANNOPARCE, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Haxaire, J.} } @article {19815, title = {List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {17}, year = {1910}, month = {1910}, pages = {447-455}, chapter = {447}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ALEURON, BRAZIL, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, NYCERYX, ORYBA, PACHYGONIDIA, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248$\#$page/471/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19775, title = {The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Gal{\'a}pagos Islands: their identification, distribution, and host plants, with new records}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {74}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {217-226}, chapter = {217}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, KEY, MANDUCA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=seg-001\%3A2001\%3A74\%3A\%3A305}, author = {Roque-Albelo, L. and Landry, B.} } @article {18728, title = {Die Schw{\"a}rmer einiger Galapagos-Inseln (Lep. Sphingidae)}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica. M{\"u}nchen}, volume = {63}, year = {1962}, month = {1962}, pages = {1-19}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ECUADOR, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Opuscula-Zoologica_63_0001-0019.pdf}, author = {Kernbach, K.} } @book {18536, title = {A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {36}, publisher = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {St Lucia}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, KEY, LESSER ANTILLES, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SAINT LUCIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Hunt, D. and Mitchell, G.} } @article {17812, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schw{\"a}rmerfauna von Franz{\"o}sisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Atalanta}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {483-498}, chapter = {483}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FRENCH GUIANA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIA, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf}, author = {Eitschberger, U. and Schmidl, J.} } @article {17383, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des insectes des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises, 1. L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res: Sphingidae}, journal = {Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylog{\'e}n{\'e}tique)}, volume = {17}, year = {1966}, month = {1966}, pages = {251-262}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GUADELOUPE, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARTINIQUE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Aguilar, J.} }