@article {22680, title = {Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {283}, year = {2022}, month = {11/2022}, pages = {1390-1410}, chapter = {1390}, abstract = {

\"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar-feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey-feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar-feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey-feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine-tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ANATOMY, DEILEPHILA, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, HYLOICUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, MICRO-CT, MIMAS, MUSCULATURE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PROBOSCIS, PROTAMBULYX, SENSILLA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1002/jmor.21510}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510}, author = {Reinwald, C. and Bauder, J.A.-S. and Karolyi, F. and Neulinger, M. and Jaros, S. and Metscher, B. and Krenn, H.W.} } @article {21495, title = {Dos nuevos registros de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) de Salta, con nuevos aportes de distribuci{\'o}n de nueve especies en la Argentina}, journal = {Revista de la Sociedad Entomol{\'o}gica Argentina}, volume = {76}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {57-60}, chapter = {57}, abstract = {

\"Two species of Sphingidae are recorded from Argentina for the first time: Nyceryx hyposticta (R. Felder, [1874]) and Perigonia stulta Herrich-Sch\äffer, [1854]. Both species were collected in the north of Salta province. New distributional records from Argentina for other nine species are provided, and a previous identification error is clarified.\"

}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ARGENTINA, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, NYCERYX, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1851-7471}, doi = {10.25085/rsea.761209}, url = {https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.761209}, author = {Rodr{\'\i}guez-Ram{\'\i}rez, J. and N{\'u}{\~n}ez_Bustos, E.} } @article {21386, title = {Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia)}, journal = {Ecolog{\'\i}a en Bolivia}, volume = {48}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {46-51}, chapter = {46}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, BOLIVIA, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1605-2528}, author = {Karger, D.N. and Abrahamczyk, S. and Kessler, M.} } @article {21229, title = {Les L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res Sphingidae de R{\'e}publique Dominicaine. Liste actualis{\'e}e et description de deux nouvelles esp{\`e}ces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae)}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {61-78}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

\"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos H\übner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April\  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new.\"

}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, BAHAMAS, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, COCYTIUS, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, LINTNERIA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, NANNOPARCE, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Haxaire, J.} } @article {20382, title = {Small sample, substantial contribution: additions to the Honduran hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) fauna based on collections from a mountainous protected area (Cusuco National Park)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {16}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {629-633}, chapter = {629}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, BIODIVERSITY, EUMORPHA, HONDURAS, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-012-9505-0}, author = {Vanhove, M.P.M. and Jocque, M. and Mann, D.J. and Waters, S. and Creedy, T.J. and Nu{\~n}ez-Mi{\~n}o, J.M. and Vaglia, T. and Casteels, J.} } @article {20097, title = {Fauna Paraguay: Sphingidae - Hawk Moths}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, CALLIONIMA, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIOIDES, PARAGUAY, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html}, author = {Smith, P.} } @article {19815, title = {List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {17}, year = {1910}, month = {1910}, pages = {447-455}, chapter = {447}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ALEURON, BRAZIL, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, NYCERYX, ORYBA, PACHYGONIDIA, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248$\#$page/471/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19809, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {13}, year = {1906}, month = {1906}, pages = {178-185}, chapter = {178}, keywords = {AMPLYPTERUS, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COSTA RICA, CUBA, DAPHNIS, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, ECUADOR, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, GRENADA, INDONESIA, MANDUCA, PARAGUAY, PERU, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLYPTYCHUS, PROTAMBULYX, SAINT LUCIA, SIERRA LEONE, SOLOMON ISLANDS, SPHINGIDAE, ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, SULAWESI, TEMNORA, VENEZUELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926$\#$page/192/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19782, title = {Descriptions of new Sphingidae in the collection of Dr Otto Staudinger}, journal = {Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris}, volume = {7}, year = {1895}, month = {1895}, pages = {297-302 + pls V-VII}, keywords = {ACOSMERYCOIDES, AMBULYX, BOLIVIA, BORNEO, CATALOGUE, CECHENENA, COLOMBIA, ENPINANGA, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, GIGANTEOPALPUS, INDIA, MALAYSIA, MANDUCA, NEPHELE, PERU, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, TETRACHROA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Rothschild, L.W.} } @article {19493, title = {Estudios de Lepidopterologia Argentina. III{\textordmasculine}. - Catalogo sistematico de los Sphingidae (Lep.)}, journal = {Revista de la Sociedad Entomol{\'o}gica Argentina}, volume = {5}, year = {1933}, month = {1933}, pages = {189-206}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AMPHIMOEA, ARGENTINA, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, EUMORPHA, ISOGNATHUS, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NYCERYX, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Orfila, R. N.} } @article {19080, title = {Fauna entomologica de la Reserva Natural Bosawas, Nicaragua. XIV. Cinco Sphingidae nuevos para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia}, volume = {44}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {25-30}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, NICARAGUA, PACHYGONIDIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Maes, J. M.} } @article {18900, title = {The Castniidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Per{\'u}: a preliminary list}, journal = {Revista Peruana de Entomologia}, volume = {27}, year = {1985}, month = {09/1985}, pages = {55-58}, chapter = {55}, keywords = {CASTNIIDAE, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PERU, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.revperuentomol.com.pe/index.php/rev-peru-entomol/article/view/819/790}, author = {Lamas, G.} } @book {18536, title = {A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {36}, publisher = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {St Lucia}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, KEY, LESSER ANTILLES, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SAINT LUCIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Hunt, D. and Mitchell, G.} } @article {17987, title = {Neue Sphingiden}, journal = {Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {20}, year = {1926}, month = {1926}, pages = {172-176, 248-252}, chapter = {172}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, EUMORPHA, HIPPOTION, MANDUCA, MEXICO, NEW GUINEA, NYCERYX, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, PERU, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Gehlen, B.} } @article {17812, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schw{\"a}rmerfauna von Franz{\"o}sisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Atalanta}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {483-498}, chapter = {483}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FRENCH GUIANA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIA, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf}, author = {Eitschberger, U. and Schmidl, J.} } @article {17571, title = {Lepid{\'o}pteros de la Reserva de la Biosfera "La Michilia", Durango, Mexico. Familias: Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana}, volume = {99}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {17-27}, chapter = {17}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, HYLES, LINTNERIA, MEXICO, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, UPGMA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Diaz_Batres, M.A. and Balc{\'a}zar-Lara, M.A.} } @article {17383, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des insectes des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises, 1. L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res: Sphingidae}, journal = {Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylog{\'e}n{\'e}tique)}, volume = {17}, year = {1966}, month = {1966}, pages = {251-262}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GUADELOUPE, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARTINIQUE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Aguilar, J.} } @article {17245, title = {Twenty-five new Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {8}, year = {1922}, month = {1922}, pages = {1-23}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ACOSMERYX, AGRIUS, AMBULYX, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, EUMORPHA, GNATHOTHLIBUS, HIPPOTION, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MICRACOSMERYX, NEOGENE, PANTOPHAEA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TEMNORA, THERETRA, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17242, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {6}, year = {1917}, month = {1917}, pages = {57-72}, chapter = {57}, keywords = {AMBULYX, AVINOFFIA, BRAZIL, CAMEROON, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COLOMBIA, CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, DOLBA, DOLBOGENE, EUMORPHA, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, MEXICO, NEOPOLYPTYCHUS, NYCERYX, PHILIPPINES, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} }