@article {22982, title = {Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {226}, year = {2023}, month = {10/2023}, pages = {jeb245699}, chapter = {jeb245699}, abstract = {

Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ~10\% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressures which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensure that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.

}, keywords = {ADULT FEEDING, AGRIUS, CAPILLARY PRESSURE, CONTACT ANGLE, DARAPSA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FEEDING EFFICIENCY, FLUID DYNAMICS, FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION, HEMARIS, HYLES, MANDUCA, MENISCUS, PARATREA, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.245699}, author = {Palaoro, A.V. and Gole, A.R. and Sun. Y. and Puchalski, A. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {22871, title = {Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {290}, year = {2023}, pages = {20222185}, chapter = {20222185}, abstract = {

\"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CERATOMIA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, HAEMOLYMPH, HEMARIS, HOVERING, HYLES, MANDUCA, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISCOSITY, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218}, author = {Brasovs, A. and Palaoro, A.V. and Aprelev, P. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {22680, title = {Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {283}, year = {2022}, month = {11/2022}, pages = {1390-1410}, chapter = {1390}, abstract = {

\"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar-feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey-feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar-feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey-feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine-tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ANATOMY, DEILEPHILA, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, HYLOICUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, MICRO-CT, MIMAS, MUSCULATURE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PROBOSCIS, PROTAMBULYX, SENSILLA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1002/jmor.21510}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510}, author = {Reinwald, C. and Bauder, J.A.-S. and Karolyi, F. and Neulinger, M. and Jaros, S. and Metscher, B. and Krenn, H.W.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19640504.02}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19630503.12}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {21981, title = {Second addendum to the Sphingidae of Louisiana}, journal = {Southern Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} News}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, pages = {140-144}, chapter = {140}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, EUMORPHA, LAPARA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Brou_Jr, V.A. and Brou, C.D.} } @article {21834, title = {Pollination biology of four sympatric species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) from southern Brazil}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {170}, year = {2012}, month = {08/2012}, pages = {141-156}, chapter = {141}, abstract = {

\"The pollination process and breeding system of the sympatric Habenaria johannensis, H.\ macronectar, H.\ megapotamensis and H.\ montevidensis was documented for native populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All species investigated offer a nectar reward (mean values of total sugars ranging from 18 to 26\%) concealed in a spur. Habenaria montevidensis is pollinated by butterflies (Hesperiidae, especially of the genus Urbanus) that carry pollinaria on their eyes; the other three species are pollinated by Sphingidae. Habenaria johannensis is pollinated by the moths Manduca rustica and M.\ sexta that carry the pollinaria at the base of the proboscis. Habenaria macronectar is pollinated by the moths Eumorpha labrusca [sic] and M. cf. lucetius, and these bear pollinaria between the palpi. Habenaria megapotamensis is pollinated by moths of M. cf. lucetius that bear the pollinaria on the proboscis. All species studied are self-compatible, but pollinator dependent. They also displayed high reproductive success (ranging from 69.48 to 97.40\%) and male efficiency factors slightly higher than 1, suggesting that at least one flower was pollinated for each flower acting as pollen donor. At the study sites, the investigated Habenaria spp. are isolated (in terms of pollination) by a set of factors that includes differing floral morphologies, different pollinators and/or different pollinarium placement on the pollinator.\"

}, keywords = {BRAZIL, EUMORPHA, FLORAL MORPHOLOGY, HABENARIA, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01285.x}, author = {Pedron, M. and Buzatto, C.R. and Singer, R.B. and Batista, J.A.N. and Moser, A.} } @article {21631, title = {Are pollinating hawkmoths declining in the northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, month = {10/2017}, pages = {e0185683}, chapter = {e0185683}, abstract = {

\"Increasing attention to pollinators and their role in providing ecosystem services has revealed a paucity of studies on long-term population trends of most insect pollinators in many parts of the world. Because targeted monitoring programs are resource intensive and unlikely to be performed on most insect pollinators, we took advantage of existing collection records to examine long-term trends in northeastern United States populations of 26 species of hawk moths (family Sphingidae) that are presumed to be pollinators. We compiled over 6,600 records from nine museum and 14 private collections that spanned a 112-year period, and used logistic generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to examine long-term population trends. We controlled for uneven sampling effort by adding a covariate for list length, the number of species recorded during each sampling event. We found that of the 22 species for which there was sufficient data to assess population trends, eight species declined and four species increased in detection probability (the probability of a species being recorded during each year while accounting for effort, climate, and spatial effects in the GLMMs). Of the four species with too few records to statistically assess, two have disappeared from parts of their ranges. None of the four species with diurnal adults showed a trend in detection probability. Two species that are pests of solanaceous crops declined, consistent with a seven-fold drop in the area planted in tobacco and tomato crops. We found some evidence linking susceptibility to parasitoidism by the introduced fly Compsilura concinnata (Tachinidae) to declines. Moths with larvae that feed on vines and trees, where available evidence indicates that the fly is most likely to attack, had a greater propensity to decline than species that use herbs and shrubs as larval host plants. Species that develop in the spring, before Compsilura populations have increased, did not decline. However, restricting the analysis to hawk moth records from areas outside of a \"refuge\" area where Compsilura does not occur did not significantly increase the intensity of the declines as would be predicted if Compsilura was the primary cause of declines. Forests have recovered over the study period across most of the northeastern U.S., but this does not appear to have been a major factor because host plants of several of the declining species have increased in abundance with forest expansion and maturation. Climate variables used in the GLMMs were not consistently related to moth detection probability. Hawk moth declines may have ecological effects on both the plants pollinated by these species and vertebrate predators of the moths.\"

}, keywords = {AMPHION, COMPSILURA, DARAPSA, DEIDAMIA, DOLBA, EUMORPHA, HEMARIS, HYLES, LEPIDOPTERA, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, POLLINATION, POPULATION DECLINE, PROSERPINUS, SPHECODINA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TACHINIDAE, USA}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0185683}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0185683}, author = {Young, B.E. and Auer, S. and Ormes, M. and Rapacciuolo, G. and Schweitzer, D. and Sears, N.} } @article {21495, title = {Dos nuevos registros de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) de Salta, con nuevos aportes de distribuci{\'o}n de nueve especies en la Argentina}, journal = {Revista de la Sociedad Entomol{\'o}gica Argentina}, volume = {76}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {57-60}, chapter = {57}, abstract = {

\"Two species of Sphingidae are recorded from Argentina for the first time: Nyceryx hyposticta (R. Felder, [1874]) and Perigonia stulta Herrich-Sch\äffer, [1854]. Both species were collected in the north of Salta province. New distributional records from Argentina for other nine species are provided, and a previous identification error is clarified.\"

}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ARGENTINA, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, NYCERYX, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1851-7471}, doi = {10.25085/rsea.761209}, url = {https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.761209}, author = {Rodr{\'\i}guez-Ram{\'\i}rez, J. and N{\'u}{\~n}ez_Bustos, E.} } @article {21386, title = {Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia)}, journal = {Ecolog{\'\i}a en Bolivia}, volume = {48}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {46-51}, chapter = {46}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, BOLIVIA, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1605-2528}, author = {Karger, D.N. and Abrahamczyk, S. and Kessler, M.} } @article {21229, title = {Les L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res Sphingidae de R{\'e}publique Dominicaine. Liste actualis{\'e}e et description de deux nouvelles esp{\`e}ces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae)}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {61-78}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

\"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos H\übner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April\  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new.\"

}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, BAHAMAS, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, COCYTIUS, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, LINTNERIA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, NANNOPARCE, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Haxaire, J.} } @article {21039, title = {Cat{\'a}logo revisado y actualizado de Sphingidae de Argentina, con seis nuevos registros (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {43}, year = {2015}, month = {12/2015}, pages = {615-631}, chapter = {615}, keywords = {ARGENTINA, CATALOGUE, CHECKLIST, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, NYCERYX, ORECTA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {0300-5267}, author = {N{\'u}{\~n}ez_Bustos, E.} } @article {20782, title = {Sphingidae records: old and new}, journal = {News of the Michigan Entomological Society}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-3}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, EUMORPHA, HYLES, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Elsner, E.} } @article {20382, title = {Small sample, substantial contribution: additions to the Honduran hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) fauna based on collections from a mountainous protected area (Cusuco National Park)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {16}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {629-633}, chapter = {629}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, BIODIVERSITY, EUMORPHA, HONDURAS, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-012-9505-0}, author = {Vanhove, M.P.M. and Jocque, M. and Mann, D.J. and Waters, S. and Creedy, T.J. and Nu{\~n}ez-Mi{\~n}o, J.M. and Vaglia, T. and Casteels, J.} } @article {20344, title = {Revisi{\'o}n de la familia Sphingidae (Lep. Het.) en Chile}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Chile}, volume = {26}, year = {1956}, month = {1956}, pages = {237-256}, chapter = {237}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, CHILE, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, HYLES, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Ureta, R.E. and Donoso, R.B.} } @article {20097, title = {Fauna Paraguay: Sphingidae - Hawk Moths}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, CALLIONIMA, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIOIDES, PARAGUAY, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html}, author = {Smith, P.} } @article {19815, title = {List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {17}, year = {1910}, month = {1910}, pages = {447-455}, chapter = {447}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ALEURON, BRAZIL, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, NYCERYX, ORYBA, PACHYGONIDIA, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248$\#$page/471/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19809, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {13}, year = {1906}, month = {1906}, pages = {178-185}, chapter = {178}, keywords = {AMPLYPTERUS, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COSTA RICA, CUBA, DAPHNIS, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, ECUADOR, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, GRENADA, INDONESIA, MANDUCA, PARAGUAY, PERU, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLYPTYCHUS, PROTAMBULYX, SAINT LUCIA, SIERRA LEONE, SOLOMON ISLANDS, SPHINGIDAE, ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, SULAWESI, TEMNORA, VENEZUELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926$\#$page/192/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19782, title = {Descriptions of new Sphingidae in the collection of Dr Otto Staudinger}, journal = {Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris}, volume = {7}, year = {1895}, month = {1895}, pages = {297-302 + pls V-VII}, keywords = {ACOSMERYCOIDES, AMBULYX, BOLIVIA, BORNEO, CATALOGUE, CECHENENA, COLOMBIA, ENPINANGA, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, GIGANTEOPALPUS, INDIA, MALAYSIA, MANDUCA, NEPHELE, PERU, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, TETRACHROA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Rothschild, L.W.} } @article {19775, title = {The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Gal{\'a}pagos Islands: their identification, distribution, and host plants, with new records}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {74}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {217-226}, chapter = {217}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, KEY, MANDUCA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=seg-001\%3A2001\%3A74\%3A\%3A305}, author = {Roque-Albelo, L. and Landry, B.} } @inbook {19197, title = {Suppl{\'e}ment {\`a} la Ire partie. Pp. 67-112, in}, booktitle = {Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropolitanae. Classis Insectorum ordo Lepidopterorum}, volume = {Pars II. Lepidoptera Heterocera}, year = {1857}, note = {Watch out for the odd pagination.,, ;, \%1 vi + [2] \%2 VII-XIV}, month = {1857}, pages = {67-112 + [2] + 99-144}, publisher = {Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis}, organization = {Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis}, address = {Petropolitae}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, EUMORPHA, HAITI, ISOGNATHUS, LAOTHOE, LINTNERIA, MARUMBA, PSILOGRAMMA, RUSSIA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, author = {M{\'e}n{\'e}tri{\'e}s, E.}, editor = {M{\'e}n{\'e}tri{\'e}s, E.} } @book {19027, title = {Systema naturae per regna tri naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differintiis, synonymis, locis}, volume = {1. Animalia}, year = {1758}, month = {1758}, pages = {864}, publisher = {Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {10}, address = {Holmiae}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, BOMBYCIDAE, CATALOGUE, DEILEPHILA, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, HIPPOTION, HYLES, HYLOICUS, ISOGNATHUS, LAOTHOE, LASIOCAMPIDAE, MACROGLOSSUM, SATURNIIDAE, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, THERETRA, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277$\#$page/511/mode/1up}, author = {Linnaeus, C.} } @article {18900, title = {The Castniidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Per{\'u}: a preliminary list}, journal = {Revista Peruana de Entomologia}, volume = {27}, year = {1985}, month = {09/1985}, pages = {55-58}, chapter = {55}, keywords = {CASTNIIDAE, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PERU, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.revperuentomol.com.pe/index.php/rev-peru-entomol/article/view/819/790}, author = {Lamas, G.} } @article {18728, title = {Die Schw{\"a}rmer einiger Galapagos-Inseln (Lep. Sphingidae)}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica. M{\"u}nchen}, volume = {63}, year = {1962}, month = {1962}, pages = {1-19}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ECUADOR, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Opuscula-Zoologica_63_0001-0019.pdf}, author = {Kernbach, K.} } @book {18536, title = {A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {36}, publisher = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {St Lucia}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, KEY, LESSER ANTILLES, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SAINT LUCIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Hunt, D. and Mitchell, G.} } @book {18182, title = {Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]}, year = {1819}, month = {1816}, pages = {431 + 72}, publisher = {J. H{\"u}bner}, organization = {J. H{\"u}bner}, address = {Augsburg}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, AMPHION, CATALOGUE, CEPHONODES, CLANIS, COCYTIUS, EUMORPHA, HIPPOTION, HYLOICUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MADORYX, NEPHELE, PHRYXUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, THERETRA}, author = {H{\"u}bner, J.} } @article {17987, title = {Neue Sphingiden}, journal = {Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {20}, year = {1926}, month = {1926}, pages = {172-176, 248-252}, chapter = {172}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, EUMORPHA, HIPPOTION, MANDUCA, MEXICO, NEW GUINEA, NYCERYX, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, PERU, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Gehlen, B.} } @article {17890, title = {Notes on Sphingidae captured at Orono, Maine and vicinity}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {16}, year = {1884}, month = {1884}, pages = {21-22}, chapter = {21}, keywords = {EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, author = {Fernald, C.H.} } @article {17812, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schw{\"a}rmerfauna von Franz{\"o}sisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Atalanta}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {483-498}, chapter = {483}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FRENCH GUIANA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIA, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf}, author = {Eitschberger, U. and Schmidl, J.} } @article {17571, title = {Lepid{\'o}pteros de la Reserva de la Biosfera "La Michilia", Durango, Mexico. Familias: Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana}, volume = {99}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {17-27}, chapter = {17}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, HYLES, LINTNERIA, MEXICO, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, UPGMA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Diaz_Batres, M.A. and Balc{\'a}zar-Lara, M.A.} } @article {17394, title = {Neue Sphingidae S{\"u}damerikas (Lep. Het.)}, journal = {Mitteilungen der M{\"u}nchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {35-39}, year = {1949}, month = {1949}, pages = {230-234}, chapter = {230}, keywords = {ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Daniel, F.} } @article {17383, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des insectes des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises, 1. L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res: Sphingidae}, journal = {Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylog{\'e}n{\'e}tique)}, volume = {17}, year = {1966}, month = {1966}, pages = {251-262}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GUADELOUPE, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARTINIQUE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Aguilar, J.} } @article {17293, title = {Neue Formen aus der Familie der Sphingidae}, journal = {Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {11}, year = {1917}, month = {1917}, pages = {153-154}, chapter = {153}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, CATALOGUE, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, NEOGURELCA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Closs, A.} } @article {17265, title = {Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) reportado como plagas en cultivos venezolanos: clave para las especies}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de Entomologia Venezolana (N.S.)}, volume = {7}, year = {1992}, note = {N.S.}, month = {12/1992}, pages = {119-125}, chapter = {119}, keywords = {AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, KEY, MANDUCA, PACHYGONIDIA, PEST, SPHINGIDAE, VENEZUELA}, author = {Clavijo-A., J. and Chac{\'\i}n-Rivas, M.E.} } @article {17245, title = {Twenty-five new Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {8}, year = {1922}, month = {1922}, pages = {1-23}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ACOSMERYX, AGRIUS, AMBULYX, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, EUMORPHA, GNATHOTHLIBUS, HIPPOTION, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MICRACOSMERYX, NEOGENE, PANTOPHAEA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TEMNORA, THERETRA, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17242, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {6}, year = {1917}, month = {1917}, pages = {57-72}, chapter = {57}, keywords = {AMBULYX, AVINOFFIA, BRAZIL, CAMEROON, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COLOMBIA, CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, DOLBA, DOLBOGENE, EUMORPHA, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, MEXICO, NEOPOLYPTYCHUS, NYCERYX, PHILIPPINES, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17196, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des Sphingidae des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises}, journal = {Bulletin Mensuel de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Linn{\'e}enne de Lyon}, volume = {43}, year = {1974}, month = {04/1974}, pages = {121-128}, chapter = {121}, keywords = {COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FRENCH ANTILLES, MANDUCA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Chalumeau, F. and Delplanque, A.} }