@article {22871, title = {Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {290}, year = {2023}, pages = {20222185}, chapter = {20222185}, abstract = {

\"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CERATOMIA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, HAEMOLYMPH, HEMARIS, HOVERING, HYLES, MANDUCA, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISCOSITY, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218}, author = {Brasovs, A. and Palaoro, A.V. and Aprelev, P. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {22328, title = {Descriptions of new Ceratomia hageni (Sphingidae: Sphinginae) larval color morphs}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {75}, year = {2021}, pages = {33-36}, chapter = {33}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, LARVAL POLYMORPHISM, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-the-lepidopterists-society/volume-75/issue-1/lepi.75i1.a4/Descriptions-of-New-Ceratomia-hageni-Sphingidae--Sphinginae-Larval-Color/10.18473/lepi.75i1.a4.full}, author = {Kesting-Handly, T. and Montagna, D. and Farkas, K.} } @article {21903, title = {Hunting caterpillars with a UV flashlght -- part 2}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {60}, year = {2018}, month = {11/2018}, pages = {169-171}, chapter = {169}, keywords = {CANADA, CERATOMIA, DARAPSA, HEMARIS, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {0091-1348}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2010s/2018/2018_v60_n4.pdf}, author = {Moskowitz, D.} } @article {20214, title = {A new sphinx from eastern United States}, journal = {Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science}, volume = {14}, year = {1940}, month = {1940}, pages = {137-138}, chapter = {137}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Sweadner, W. and Chermock, F.H. and Chermock, R.L.} } @article {20127, title = {Notes on Lepidoptera}, journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society}, volume = {17}, year = {1944}, month = {1944}, pages = {29-31}, chapter = {29}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Stallings, D.B. and Turner, J.R.} } @article {19903, title = {New species of Sphingidae and Saturniidae in the U.S. National Museum}, journal = {Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences}, volume = {22}, year = {1932}, month = {1932}, pages = {137-148}, chapter = {137}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, CERATOMIA, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, NANNOPARCE, ROTHSCHILDIA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123322$\#$page/169/mode/1up}, author = {Schaus, W.} } @article {19807, title = {A revision of the lepidopterous family Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae (Supplement)}, volume = {9}, year = {1903}, month = {1903}, pages = {i-cxxxv + 1-972}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ACOSMERYX, ADHEMARIUS, ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AELLOPOS, AGNOSIA, ALEURON, AMBULYX, AMPHIMOEA, ANGONYX, ANTINEPHELE, BATOCNEMA, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, CECHENENA, CEPHONODES, CERATOMIA, CHAEROCINA, CLADISTICS, CLANIDOPSIS, CLANIS, CLARINA, CLASSIFICATION, COELONIA, CYPA, CYPOIDES, ELLENBECKIA, ENPINANGA, EURYGLOTTIS, FALCATULA, FOODPLANT, HIPPOTION, HOPLISTOPUS, HYLES, ISOPARCE, LANGIA, LAOTHOE, LEPTOCLANIS, LEUCOMONIA, LIKOMA, LINTNERIA, LOMOCYMA, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, MARUMBA, NANNOPARCE, NEOGENE, NEOGURELCA, NEPHELE, NYCERYX, PACHYLIA, PANTOPHAEA, PERIGONIA, PHANOXYLA, PHRYXUS, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLIANA, POLYPTYCHUS, PRAEDORA, PROTALEURON, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOCLANIS, PSILOGRAMMA, RETHERA, RHAGASTIS, RHODAFRA, RHODOPRASINA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, STOLIDOPTERA, TEMNORA, TEMNORIPAIS, TETRACHROA, THAMNOECHA, THERETRA, TROGOLEGNUM, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1(PART), XANTHOPAN, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37200$\#$page/1/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19370, title = {The chemical basis of the host selection in the Catalpa Sphinx {ICeratomia catalpae} (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {56}, year = {1963}, month = {1963}, pages = {119-122}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Nayar, J. K. and Fraenkel, G. S.} } @article {19280, title = {Esfingidos nuevos de Mexico}, journal = {Anales del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico}, volume = {13}, year = {1942}, note = {Serie Zoolog{\'\i}a}, month = {1942}, pages = {206-211}, chapter = {206}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, ERINNYIS, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, MEXICO, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Mooser, O.} } @article {18664, title = {P. 6 in: Oiticica,J., Revis{\~a}o dos nomes gen{\'e}ricos da fam{\'\i}lia Sphingidae (Lepidoptera). Parte 1. Subfam{\'\i}lia Sphinginae Butler, 1877}, journal = {Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro}, volume = {66}, year = {1946}, note = {N.S. Zoologia}, month = {1946}, pages = {1-36}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Jordan, K.} } @article {18511, title = {Ceratomia kansensis new species (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Entomological News}, volume = {61}, year = {1950}, month = {1950}, pages = {57-60}, chapter = {57}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Howe, E.W. and Howe, W.H.} } @article {18467, title = {Sphingoidea}, journal = {Moths of America north of Mexico including Greenland}, volume = {21}, year = {1971}, month = {1971}, pages = {1-158}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AELLOPOS, CANADA, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, HEMARIS, MALE GENITALIA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1(PART)}, author = {Hodges, R.W.} } @article {18370, title = {Note sur les genres Ceratomia Harris, 1839, et Dolbogene Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903, au Mexique, et description de Ceratomia mooseri sp. n. et Ceratomia paltingi sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {65-86}, chapter = {65}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, DOLBOGENE, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, MALE GENITALIA, MEXICO, SPHINGIDAE, TYPES, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Haxaire, J. and Melichar, T.} } @article {18287, title = {Descriptive catalogue of the North American insects belonging to the Linnaean genus Sphinx in the cabinet of Thaddeus William Harris, M.D., Librarian of Harvard University}, journal = {American Journal of Science and Arts}, volume = {36}, year = {1839}, month = {1839}, pages = {282-320}, chapter = {282}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX}, author = {Harris, T.W.} } @article {18232, title = {Zone 6 South central Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {40}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {45}, chapter = {45}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, author = {Hanks, A.J.} } @article {18137, title = {Notes on American Lepidoptera with descriptions of twenty-one new species}, journal = {Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences}, volume = {2}, year = {1874}, month = {1874}, pages = {145-163}, chapter = {145}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Grote, A.R.} } @article {17941, title = {New distributional records for {ICeratomia hageni} (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {26}, year = {1972}, month = {1972}, pages = {198}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP}, author = {Franklin, C. M.} } @article {17696, title = {Notes upon Sphinx catalpae at Coalburgh, W. Va}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {30}, year = {1898}, month = {1898}, pages = {7-8}, chapter = {7}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Edwards, W.H.} } @article {17267, title = {Synopsis of North American Sphingidae}, journal = {Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia}, volume = {4}, year = {1859}, month = {1859}, pages = {97-190}, chapter = {97}, keywords = {ALEURON, BRAZIL, CANADA, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, DEIDAMIA, LAPARA, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, USA, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clemens, B.} } @article {17253, title = {Sundry notes on Sphingidae, descriptions of sixteen new species, and of one new genus}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {11}, year = {1929}, month = {1929}, pages = {7-24}, chapter = {7}, keywords = {AMBULYX, ANGONYX, BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, HIPPOTION, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOGENE, PAONIAS, PHILIPPINES, POLYPTYCHUS, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17211, title = {New melanic moths from southwestern Pennsylvania}, journal = {Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science}, volume = {14}, year = {1940}, month = {1940}, pages = {138-140}, chapter = {138}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, MELANISM, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Chermock, F.H. and Chermock, R.L.} } @article {17198, title = {Biodiversity of the Schoodic Peninsula: results of the insect and arachnid bioblitzes at the Schoodic District of Acadia National Park, Maine}, journal = {Tech. Bull. Maine Agric. For. Exp. Stn}, volume = {206}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {1-210}, keywords = {ACTIAS, ANTHERAEA, BIOBLITZ, CERATOMIA, DRYOCAMPA, HEMARIS, HYALOPHORA, PAONIAS, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TELEA, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Chandler, D. S. and Manski, D. and Donahue, C. and Alyokhin, A.} } @article {17015, title = {Phylotranscriptomics: saturated third codon positions radically influence the estimation of trees based on next-gen data}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, pages = {2082-2092}, chapter = {2082}, abstract = {

\"Recent advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have led to a surge in the number of phylogenetic studies that incorporate large amounts of genetic data. We test the assumption that analyzing large number of genes will lead to improvements in tree resolution and branch support using moths in the superfamily Bombycoidea, a group with some interfamilial relationships that have been difficult to resolve. Specifically, we use a next-gen data set that included 19 taxa and 938 genes (\∼1.2M bp) to examine how codon position and saturation might influence resolution and node support among three key families. Maximum likelihood, parsimony, and species tree analysis using gene tree parsimony, on different nucleotide and amino acid data sets, resulted in largely congruent topologies with high bootstrap support compared with prior studies that included fewer loci. However, for a few shallow nodes, nucleotide and amino acid data provided high support for conflicting relationships. The third codon position was saturated and phylogenetic analysis of this position alone supported a completely different, potentially misleading sister group relationship. We used the program RADICAL to assess the number of genes needed to fix some of these difficult nodes. One such node originally needed a total of 850 genes but only required 250 when synonymous signal was removed. Our study shows that, in order to effectively use next-gen data to correctly resolve difficult phylogenetic relationships, it is necessary to assess the effects of synonymous substitutions and third codon positions.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, ANTHERAEA, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, CERATOMIA, DARAPSA, DNA, ENYO, HEMARIS, INCOMPLETE, MANDUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PARSIMONY, PHYLOGENY, RADICAL, RAXML, SAMIA, SATURATION, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTIONS, TRANSCRIPTOMICS}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evt157}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evt157}, author = {Breinholt, J.W. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @article {16973, title = {List of Lepidoptera taken at Quebec}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {3}, year = {1871}, month = {1871}, pages = {144-146}, chapter = {144}, keywords = {CANADA, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Bowles, G.J.} } @article {16876, title = {Nuevos registros de las familias Sphingidae y Arctiidae (Lepid{\'o}ptera) para M{\'e}xico}, journal = {Anales del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico, Ser. Zool. (1)}, volume = {51}, year = {1981}, note = {Serie Zoolog{\'\i}a}, month = {12/1981}, pages = {695-698}, chapter = {695}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, ISOPARCE, MEXICO, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Beutelspacher-Baigts, C.R.} } @article {16722, title = {Three shade tree insects. II. Great elm leaf beetle, catalpa sphinx and eastern tent caterpillar}, journal = {Bulletin. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station}, volume = {317}, year = {1935}, month = {1935}, pages = {1-28}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CERATOMIA, FOODPLANT, LASIOCAMPIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Baerg, W.J.} }