@article {22680, title = {Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Morphology}, volume = {283}, year = {2022}, month = {11/2022}, pages = {1390-1410}, chapter = {1390}, abstract = {

\"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar-feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey-feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar-feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey-feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine-tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ANATOMY, DEILEPHILA, EUMORPHA, EURYGLOTTIS, HYLOICUS, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, MICRO-CT, MIMAS, MUSCULATURE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PROBOSCIS, PROTAMBULYX, SENSILLA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1002/jmor.21510}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510}, author = {Reinwald, C. and Bauder, J.A.-S. and Karolyi, F. and Neulinger, M. and Jaros, S. and Metscher, B. and Krenn, H.W.} } @article {22622, title = {Zur Verbreitung und Morphologie von Xanthopan morganii (Walker, 1856) - Falterfunde aus S{\"u}dafrika und eine Raupe aus Tansania (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Entomologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {130}, year = {2020}, pages = {57-60}, chapter = {57}, keywords = {AMPHIMOEA, CERBERONOTON, COCYTIUS, IMMATURE STAGES, NEOCOCYTIUS, SOUTH AFRICA, SPHINGIDAE, TANZANIA, XANTHOPAN}, author = {Dvo{\v r}{\'a}k, B.} } @article {22617, title = {Eine Revision der Cocytiina Tutt, 1904 mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Gattung Panogena Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {43}, year = {2022}, month = {08/2022}, pages = {56-59}, chapter = {56}, keywords = {AMPHIMOEA, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CERBERONOTON, COCYTIUS, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, NEOCOCYTIUS, PANOGENA, PHYLOGENY, SPHINGIDAE, XANTHOPAN}, author = {Dvo{\v r}{\'a}k, B.} } @article {22311, title = {Contribution of the maxillary muscles to proboscis movement in hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae){\textemdash}an electrophysiological study}, journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology}, volume = {49}, year = {2003}, pages = {765{\textendash}776}, chapter = {765}, abstract = {

\"The role of the maxillary muscles in the uncoiling and coiling movements of hawkmoths (Sphingidae) has been examined by electromyogram recordings, combined with video analysis. The maxillary muscles of adult Lepidoptera can be divided into two groups, galeal and stipital muscles. The galea contains two basal muscles and two series of oblique longitudinal muscles, which run through the entire length of the galea. Three muscles insert on the stipes, taking their origin on the tentorium and on parts of the cranium and gena, respectively. Proboscis extension is initiated by an elevation of the galea base caused by the basal galeal muscles. The actual uncoiling of the proboscis spiral is accompanied by rapid compressions of the stipites which are caused by two of the stipital muscles. The study provides strong support for the hypothesis that uncoiling is brought about by an increase of hemolymph pressure by the stipites forcing hemolymph into the galeae. Recoiling is caused by the contraction of both sets of oblique longitudinal galeal muscles supported by elasticity of the galea cuticle. Finally, the remaining stipital muscle pulls down the galea base which brings the coiled proboscis back to its resting position where it is held in the U-shaped groove of the labium without further muscle activity.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ADULT FEEDING, ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AGRIUS, MANDUCA, MUSCULATURE, NEOCOCYTIUS, NEUROLOGY, PANOGENA, PHYSIOLOGY, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, XANTHOPAN}, doi = {10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00113-6}, author = {Wannenmacher, G. and Wasserthal, L.T.} } @article {22092, title = {Lista anotada de Bombicoideos (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) del Parque Nacional Natural Utr{\'\i}a, Choc{\'o}, Colombia}, journal = {Biota Colombiana}, volume = {20}, year = {2019}, pages = {134-149}, chapter = {134}, abstract = {

\"Se presenta una lista anotada de especies de las familias Bombycidae, Saturniidae y Sphingidae recolectadas en el Parque Nacional Natural Utr\ía, Choc\ó, Colombia. El muestreo se realiz\ó en cuatro h\ábitats del parque durante 31 d\ías, utilizando una trampa de luz con un bombillo de vapor de mercurio. Se registraron 35 especies: 19 Saturniidae, 15 Sphingidae y 1 Bombycidae. Por primera vez se registran 18 especies para el departamento del Choc\ó. Se resaltan los registros de las especies Syssphinx chocoensis, end\émica del Choc\ó colombiano, Manduca dalica dalica depositada por primera vez en una colecci\ón colombiana y el quinto instar de Isognathus scyron. El n\úmero de individuos recolectados concuerda con la hip\ótesis de la fobia lunar. El presente trabajo es la primera aproximaci\ón a la diversidad de estas familias para el Parque Nacional Natural Utr\ía.\"

}, keywords = {ADELONEIVAIA, ADELOWALKERIA, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AUTOMERIS, BOMBYCIDAE, CALLIONIMA, CERODIRPHIA, CHECKLIST, COLOMBIA, DIRPHIA, EACLES, EPIA, ERINNYIS, FLIGHT PERIOD, FOODPLANT, HYLESIA, IMMATURE STAGES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, MOLIPPA, NEOCOCYTIUS, OTHORENE, PACHYLIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, RHESCYNTIS, SATURNIIDAE, SCHAUSIELLA, SPHINGIDAE, SYSSPHINX, TITAEA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.21068/c2019.v20n02a11}, author = {Prada-Lara, L. and Correa-Carmona, Y. and Clavijo-Giraldo, A. and Vargas, S.A. and Dumar-Parrales. A.} } @article {21386, title = {Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia)}, journal = {Ecolog{\'\i}a en Bolivia}, volume = {48}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {46-51}, chapter = {46}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, BOLIVIA, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1605-2528}, author = {Karger, D.N. and Abrahamczyk, S. and Kessler, M.} } @article {19815, title = {List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {17}, year = {1910}, month = {1910}, pages = {447-455}, chapter = {447}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ALEURON, BRAZIL, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, NYCERYX, ORYBA, PACHYGONIDIA, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248$\#$page/471/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {18781, title = {The phylogenetic relationships of Morgan{\textquoteright}s Sphinx, {IXanthopan morganii} (Walker), the tribe Acherontiini, and allied long-tongued hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, Sphinginae)}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London}, volume = {135}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {471-527}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ACHERONTIINI, ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AGRIUS, AMPHIMOEA, CALLOSPHINGIA, CLASSIFICATION, COCYTIUS, COELONIA, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, MACROPOLIANA, MANDUCA, MEGACORMA, MEGANOTON, NEOCOCYTIUS, PANOGENA, PANTOPHAEA, PHYLOGENY, POLIANA, POLLINATION, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, WEIGHTING, XANTHOPAN}, author = {Kitching, I. J.} } @book {18536, title = {A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {36}, publisher = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {St Lucia}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, KEY, LESSER ANTILLES, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SAINT LUCIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Hunt, D. and Mitchell, G.} } @article {18467, title = {Sphingoidea}, journal = {Moths of America north of Mexico including Greenland}, volume = {21}, year = {1971}, month = {1971}, pages = {1-158}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AELLOPOS, CANADA, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, HEMARIS, MALE GENITALIA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1(PART)}, author = {Hodges, R.W.} } @article {17749, title = {Revision der Gattungen Amphimoea Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903, Cocytius auct. (nec H{\"u}bner, [1819]) und Neococytius Hodges, 1917 mit der Neugliederung der Gattung Cocytius auct. (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Neue Entomologische Nachrichten}, volume = {59}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {171-288, 438-465}, chapter = {171}, keywords = {AMPHIMOEA, CATALOGUE, COCYTIUS, CUBA, FEMALE GENITALIA, IMMATURE STAGES, JAMAICA, MALE GENITALIA, NEOCOCYTIUS, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Neue-Entomologische-Nachrichten_59_0171-0288.pdf}, author = {Eitschberger, U.} } @article {17383, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des insectes des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises, 1. L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res: Sphingidae}, journal = {Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylog{\'e}n{\'e}tique)}, volume = {17}, year = {1966}, month = {1966}, pages = {251-262}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GUADELOUPE, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARTINIQUE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Aguilar, J.} } @book {17354, title = {Die uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America}, volume = {1(1-7)}, year = {1775}, note = {Publishers are "Amsteldam, S.J. Baalde, and Utrecht, Barthelemy Wild".; ; ; ;, \%1 xxx \%2 1-84}, month = {1775}, pages = {16 + 1-132}, publisher = {S.J. Baalde \& Barthelemy Wild}, organization = {S.J. Baalde \& Barthelemy Wild}, address = {Amsteldam \& Utrecht}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, CATALOGUE, EUMORPHA, ISOGNATHUS, NEOCOCYTIUS, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA}, author = {Cramer, P.} }