@article {22807, title = {What happens to the traditional taxonomy when a well-known tropical saturniid moth fauna is DNA barcoded?}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {478-505}, chapter = {478}, abstract = {

\"Biodiversity of tropical Saturniidae, as measured through traditionally described and catalogued species, strongly risks pooling cryptic species under one name. We examined the DNA barcodes, morphology, habitus and ecology of 32 \‘well known\’ species of dry forest saturniid moths from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in north-western Costa Rica and found that they contain as many as 49 biological entities that are probably separate species. The most prominent splitting of traditional species \– Eacles imperialis, Automeris zugana, Automeris tridens, Othorene verana, Hylesia dalina, Dirphia avia, Syssphinx molina, Syssphinx colla, and Syssphinx quadrilineata \– is where one species was believed to breed in dry forest and rain forest, but is found to be two biological entities variously distinguishable by DNA barcodes and morphology, habitus, and/or microecological distribution. This implies that \‘standard\’ biological information about each traditional species may be an unconscious mix of interspecific information, and begs renewed DNA barcoding, closer attention to so-called intraspecific variation, and increased museum collection and curation of specimens from more individual and ecologically characterised sites \– as well as eventually more species descriptions. Simultaneously, this inclusion of sibling species as individual entities in biodiversity studies, rather than pooled under one traditional name, reduces the degree of ecological and evolutionary generalisation perceived by the observer.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AUTOMERIS, BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, CAIO, COI, COSTA RICA, DIRPHIA, DNA, EACLES, HYLESIA, MALE GENITALIA, OTHORENE, PERIPHOBA, PTILOSCOLA, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SYSSPHINX, TAXONOMY}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {10.1071/is12038}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12038}, author = {Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W. and Harvey, D.J. and Darrow, K. and Rougerie, R. and Hajibabaei, M. and Smith, M.A. and Bertrand, C. and Gamboa, I.C. and Espinoza, B. and Sullivan, J.B. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Herbin, D. and Chavarria, L.F. and Franco, R. and Cambronero, H. and Rios, S. and Quesada, F. and Pereira, G. and Vargas, J. and Guadamuz, A. and Espinoza, R. and Hernandez, J. and Rios, L. and Cantillano, E. and Moraga, R. and Moraga, C. and Rios, P. and Rios, M. and Calero, R. and Martinez, D. and Brice{\~n}o, D. and Carmona, M. and Apu, E. and Aragon, K. and Uma{\~n}a, C. and Perez, J. and Cordoba, A. and Uma{\~n}a, P. and Sihezar, G. and Espinoza, O. and Cano, C. and Araya, E. and Garcia, D. and Ramirez, H. and Pereira, M. and Cortez, J. and Pereira, M. and Medina, W. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {20549, title = {When species matches are unavailable are DNA barcodes correctly assigned to higher taxa? An assessment using sphingid moths}, journal = {BMC Ecology}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {18}, chapter = {18}, abstract = {

\"Background

When a specimen belongs to a species not yet represented in DNA barcode reference libraries there is disagreement over the effectiveness of using sequence comparisons to assign the query accurately to a higher taxon. Library completeness and the assignment criteria used have been proposed as critical factors affecting the accuracy of such assignments but have not been thoroughly investigated. We explored the accuracy of assignments to genus, tribe and subfamily in the Sphingidae, using the almost complete global DNA barcode reference library (1095 species) available for this family. Costa Rican sphingids (118 species), a well-documented, diverse subset of the family, with each of the tribes and subfamilies represented were used as queries. We simulated libraries with different levels of completeness (10-100\% of the available species), and recorded assignments (positive or ambiguous) and their accuracy (true or false) under six criteria.

Results

A liberal tree-based criterion assigned 83\% of queries accurately to genus, 74\% to tribe and 90\% to subfamily, compared to a strict tree-based criterion, which assigned 75\% of queries accurately to genus, 66\% to tribe and 84\% to subfamily, with a library containing 100\% of available species (but excluding the species of the query). The greater number of true positives delivered by more relaxed criteria was negatively balanced by the occurrence of more false positives. This effect was most sharply observed with libraries of the lowest completeness where, for example at the genus level, 32\% of assignments were false positives with the liberal criterion versus \< 1\% when using the strict. We observed little difference (\< 8\% using the liberal criterion) however, in the overall accuracy of the assignments between the lowest and highest levels of library completeness at the tribe and subfamily level.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that when using a strict tree-based criterion for higher taxon assignment with DNA barcodes, the likelihood of assigning a query a genus name incorrectly is very low, if a genus name is provided it has a high likelihood of being accurate, and if no genus match is available the query can nevertheless be assigned to a subfamily with high accuracy regardless of library completeness. DNA barcoding often correctly assigned sphingid moths to higher taxa when species matches were unavailable, suggesting that barcode reference libraries can be useful for higher taxon assignments long before they achieve complete species coverage.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, DNA, HIGHER CLASSIFICATION, IDENTIFICATION, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/11/18}, author = {Wilson, J.J. and Rougerie, R. and Schonfeld, J. and Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W. and Hajibabaei, M. and Kitching, I.J. and Haxaire, J. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {18606, title = {Wedding biodiversity inventory of a large and complex Lepidoptera fauna with DNA barcoding}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London}, volume = {360}, year = {2005}, note = {B}, month = {2005}, pages = {1835-1845}, keywords = {BARCODING, BIODIVERSITY, COI, COSTA RICA, CRYPTIC SPECIES, DNA, HESPERIIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, TAXONOMY}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2005.1715}, author = {Janzen, D.H. and Hajibabaei, M. and Burns, J.M. and Hallwachs, W. and Remigio, E. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {18201, title = {DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {103}, year = {2006}, month = {01/2006}, pages = {968-971}, chapter = {968}, keywords = {BARCODING, CLASSIFICATION, COI, COSTA RICA, HESPERIIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.0510466103}, author = {Hajibabaei, M. and Janzen, D.H. and Burns, J.M. and Hallwachs, W. and Hebert, P.D.N.} }