02814nas a2200325 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300000800225490000700233520193900240653001502179653002102194653001902215653001502234653001302249653001202262653001202274653001002286653001502296653001502311653000902326653001502335653001502350653001702365100001502382700001602397700001302413700002302426856003902449 2021 eng d00aSuper cooling point phenotypes and cold resistance in Hyles euphorbiae hawk moths from different climate zones0 aSuper cooling point phenotypes and cold resistance in Hyles euph a2070 v133 a

"The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae L. (Sphingidae) comprises a remarkable species complex with still not fully resolved taxonomy. Its extensive natural distribution range covers diverse climatic zones. This predestinates particular populations to cope with different local seasonally unfavorable environmental conditions. The ability of the pupae to overcome outer frosty conditions is well known. However, the differences between two main ecotypes (‘euphorbiae’ and ‘tithymali’) in terms of the inherent degree of frost tolerance, its corresponding survival strategy, and underlying mechanism have not been studied in detail so far. The main aim of our study was to test the phenotypic exhibition of pupae (as the relevant life cycle stadia to outlast unfavorable conditions) in response to combined effects of exogenous stimuli, such as daylight length and cooling regime. Namely, we tested the turnout of subitan (with fast development, unadapted to unfavorable conditions) or diapause (paused development, adapted to unfavorable external influences and increased resistance) pupae under different conditions, as well as their mortality, and we measured the super cooling point (SCP) of whole pupae (in vivo) and pupal hemolymph (in vitro) as phenotypic indicators of cold acclimation. Our results show higher cold sensitivity in ‘tithymali’ populations, exhibiting rather opportunistic and short-termed cold hardiness, while ‘euphorbiae’ produces a phenotype of seasonal cold-hardy diapause pupae under a combined effect of short daylight length and continuous cold treatment. Further differences include the variability in duration and mortality of diapause pupae. This suggests different pre-adaptations to seasonal environmental conditions in each ecotype and may indicate a state of incipient speciation within the H. euphorbiae complex."

10aADAPTATION10aCOLD ACCLIMATION10aCOLD TOLERANCE10aDAY LENGTH10aDIAPAUSE10aECOLOGY10aECOTYPE10aHYLES10aPHENOTYPES10aPHYSIOLOGY10aPUPA10aSPECIATION10aSPHINGIDAE10aSUPERCOOLING1 aDaneck, H.1 aBarth, M.B.1 aGeck, M.1 aHundsdoerfer, A.K. u https://doi.org/10.3390/d1305020704088nas a2200373 4500008004100000245017100041210006900212260001200281300000700293490000700300520299700307653004603304653001903350653001303369653002003382653001203402653002303414653001003437653001803447653000803465653001503473653001103488653002003499100001603519700001903535700001903554700001303573700001203586700001703598700001503615700001503630700002303645856004603668 2018 eng d00aFunctional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth transcriptome reveals strong expression of phorbol ester detoxification and seasonal cold hardiness genes0 aFunctional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth tra c05/2018 a200 v153 a

"Background: The European spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), has been intensively studied as a model organism for insect chemical ecology, cold hardiness and evolution of species delineation. To understand species isolation mechanisms at a molecular level, this study aims at determining genetic factors underlying two adaptive ecological trait candidates, phorbol ester (TPA) detoxification and seasonal cold acclimation.
Method: A draft transcriptome of H. euphorbiae was generated using Illumina sequencing, providing the first genomic resource for the hawkmoth subfamily Macroglossinae. RNA expression levels in tissues of experimental TPA feeding larvae and cooled pupae was compared to levels in control larvae and pupae using 26 bp RNA sequence tag libraries (DeepSuperSAGE). Differential gene expression was assessed by homology searches of the tags in the transcriptome.
Results: In total, 389 and 605 differentially expressed transcripts for detoxification and cold hardiness, respectively, could be identified and annotated with proteins. The majority (22 of 28) of differentially expressed detox transcripts of the four 'drug metabolism' enzyme groups (cytochrome P450 (CYP), carboxylesterases (CES), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and lipases) are up-regulated. Triacylglycerol lipase was significantly over proportionally annotated among up-regulated detox transcripts. We record several up-regulated lipases, GSTe2, two CESs, CYP9A21, CYP6BD6 and CYP9A17 as candidate genes for further H. euphorbiae TPA detoxification analyses. Differential gene expression of the cold acclimation treatment is marked by metabolic depression with enriched Gene Ontology terms among down-regulated transcripts almost exclusively comprising metabolism, aerobic respiration and dissimilative functions. Down-regulated transcripts include energy expensive respiratory proteins like NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase. Gene expression patterns show shifts in carbohydrate metabolism towards cryoprotectant production. The Glycolysis enzymes, G1Pase, A1e, Gpi and an Akr isoform are up-regulated. Glycerol, an osmolyte which lowers the body liquid supercooling point, appears to be the predominant polyol cryoprotectant in H. euphorbiae diapause pupae. Several protein candidates involved in glucose, glycerol, myo-inositol and potentially sorbitol and trehalose synthesis were identified.
Conclusions: A majority of differently expressed transcripts unique for either detoxification or cold hardiness indicates highly specialized functional adaptation which may have evolved from general cell metabolism and stress response.The transcriptome and extracted candidate biomarkers provide a basis for further gene expression studies of physiological processes and adaptive traits in H. euphorbiae."

10a12-TETRADECANOYL-PHORBOL-13-ACETATE (TPA)10aDETOXIFICATION10aDIAPAUSE10aDITERPENE ESTER10aECOLOGY10aFREEZING TOLERANCE10aHYLES10aPHORBOL ESTER10aRNA10aSPHINGIDAE10aTRAITS10aTRANSCRIPTOMICS1 aBarth, M.B.1 aBuchwalder, K.1 aKawahara, A.Y.1 aZhou, X.1 aLiu, S.1 aKrezdorn, N.1 aRotter, B.1 aHorres, R.1 aHundsdoerfer, A.K. uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-018-0252-2