TY - JOUR T1 - Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history JF - Journal of Experimental Biology Y1 - 2023 DO - 10.1242/jeb.245699 A1 - Palaoro, A.V. A1 - Gole, A.R. A1 - Sun. Y. A1 - Puchalski, A. A1 - Beard, C.E. A1 - Adler, P.H. A1 - Kornev, K.G. SP - jeb245699 KW - ADULT FEEDING KW - AGRIUS KW - CAPILLARY PRESSURE KW - CONTACT ANGLE KW - DARAPSA KW - DOLBA KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - FEEDING EFFICIENCY KW - FLUID DYNAMICS KW - FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION KW - HEMARIS KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - MENISCUS KW - PARATREA KW - PROBOSCIS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ~10% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressures which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensure that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.

VL - 226 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society B Y1 - 2023 A1 - Brasovs, A. A1 - Palaoro, A.V. A1 - Aprelev, P. A1 - Beard, C.E. A1 - Adler, P.H. A1 - Kornev, K.G. SP - 20222185 KW - AGRIUS KW - CERATOMIA KW - DOLBA KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - HAEMOLYMPH KW - HEMARIS KW - HOVERING KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - PHYSIOLOGY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - VISCOSITY KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation."

VL - 290 UR - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) JF - Journal of Morphology Y1 - 2022 DO - 10.1002/jmor.21510 A1 - Reinwald, C. A1 - Bauder, J.A.-S. A1 - Karolyi, F. A1 - Neulinger, M. A1 - Jaros, S. A1 - Metscher, B. A1 - Krenn, H.W. SP - 1390 EP - 1410 KW - ACHERONTIA KW - AGRIUS KW - ANATOMY KW - DEILEPHILA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - HYLOICUS KW - MACROGLOSSUM KW - MANDUCA KW - MICRO-CT KW - MIMAS KW - MUSCULATURE KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PROBOSCIS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SENSILLA KW - SMERINTHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar‐feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey‐feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar‐feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey‐feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine‐tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function."

VL - 283 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera JF - Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Y1 - 1963 DO - 10.5642/aliso.19640504.02 A1 - Gregory, D.P. SP - 357 EP - 419 KW - CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FLIGHT PERIOD KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - NECTAR COMPOSITION KW - OENOTHERA KW - ONAGRACEAE KW - POLLINATION KW - POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - SPHINX KW - USA VL - 5 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera JF - Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Y1 - 1963 DO - 10.5642/aliso.19630503.12 A1 - Gregory, D.P. SP - 357 EP - 419 KW - CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FLIGHT PERIOD KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - NECTAR COMPOSITION KW - OENOTHERA KW - ONAGRACEAE KW - POLLINATION KW - POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - SPHINX KW - USA VL - 5 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollination biology of four sympatric species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) from southern Brazil JF - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Y1 - 2012 A1 - Pedron, M. A1 - Buzatto, C.R. A1 - Singer, R.B. A1 - Batista, J.A.N. A1 - Moser, A. SP - 141 EP - 156 KW - BRAZIL KW - EUMORPHA KW - FLORAL MORPHOLOGY KW - HABENARIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NECTAR COMPOSITION KW - ORCHIDACEAE KW - POLLINATION KW - POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY KW - SPHINGIDAE AB -

"The pollination process and breeding system of the sympatric Habenaria johannensis, H. macronectar, H. megapotamensis and H. montevidensis was documented for native populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All species investigated offer a nectar reward (mean values of total sugars ranging from 18 to 26%) concealed in a spur. Habenaria montevidensis is pollinated by butterflies (Hesperiidae, especially of the genus Urbanus) that carry pollinaria on their eyes; the other three species are pollinated by Sphingidae. Habenaria johannensis is pollinated by the moths Manduca rustica and M. sexta that carry the pollinaria at the base of the proboscis. Habenaria macronectar is pollinated by the moths Eumorpha labrusca [sic] and M. cf. lucetius, and these bear pollinaria between the palpi. Habenaria megapotamensis is pollinated by moths of M. cf. lucetius that bear the pollinaria on the proboscis. All species studied are self‐compatible, but pollinator dependent. They also displayed high reproductive success (ranging from 69.48 to 97.40%) and male efficiency factors slightly higher than 1, suggesting that at least one flower was pollinated for each flower acting as pollen donor. At the study sites, the investigated Habenaria spp. are isolated (in terms of pollination) by a set of factors that includes differing floral morphologies, different pollinators and/or different pollinarium placement on the pollinator."

VL - 170 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01285.x IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are pollinating hawkmoths declining in the northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0185683 A1 - Young, B.E. A1 - Auer, S. A1 - Ormes, M. A1 - Rapacciuolo, G. A1 - Schweitzer, D. A1 - Sears, N. SP - e0185683 KW - AMPHION KW - COMPSILURA KW - DARAPSA KW - DEIDAMIA KW - DOLBA KW - EUMORPHA KW - HEMARIS KW - HYLES KW - LEPIDOPTERA KW - LINTNERIA KW - MANDUCA KW - POLLINATION KW - POPULATION DECLINE KW - PROSERPINUS KW - SPHECODINA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - SPHINX KW - TACHINIDAE KW - USA AB -

"Increasing attention to pollinators and their role in providing ecosystem services has revealed a paucity of studies on long-term population trends of most insect pollinators in many parts of the world. Because targeted monitoring programs are resource intensive and unlikely to be performed on most insect pollinators, we took advantage of existing collection records to examine long-term trends in northeastern United States populations of 26 species of hawk moths (family Sphingidae) that are presumed to be pollinators. We compiled over 6,600 records from nine museum and 14 private collections that spanned a 112-year period, and used logistic generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to examine long-term population trends. We controlled for uneven sampling effort by adding a covariate for list length, the number of species recorded during each sampling event. We found that of the 22 species for which there was sufficient data to assess population trends, eight species declined and four species increased in detection probability (the probability of a species being recorded during each year while accounting for effort, climate, and spatial effects in the GLMMs). Of the four species with too few records to statistically assess, two have disappeared from parts of their ranges. None of the four species with diurnal adults showed a trend in detection probability. Two species that are pests of solanaceous crops declined, consistent with a seven-fold drop in the area planted in tobacco and tomato crops. We found some evidence linking susceptibility to parasitoidism by the introduced fly Compsilura concinnata (Tachinidae) to declines. Moths with larvae that feed on vines and trees, where available evidence indicates that the fly is most likely to attack, had a greater propensity to decline than species that use herbs and shrubs as larval host plants. Species that develop in the spring, before Compsilura populations have increased, did not decline. However, restricting the analysis to hawk moth records from areas outside of a "refuge" area where Compsilura does not occur did not significantly increase the intensity of the declines as would be predicted if Compsilura was the primary cause of declines. Forests have recovered over the study period across most of the northeastern U.S., but this does not appear to have been a major factor because host plants of several of the declining species have increased in abundance with forest expansion and maturation. Climate variables used in the GLMMs were not consistently related to moth detection probability. Hawk moth declines may have ecological effects on both the plants pollinated by these species and vertebrate predators of the moths."

VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0185683 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dos nuevos registros de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) de Salta, con nuevos aportes de distribución de nueve especies en la Argentina JF - Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.25085/rsea.761209 A1 - Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. A1 - Núñez_Bustos, E. SP - 57 EP - 60 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - ARGENTINA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NYCERYX KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"Two species of Sphingidae are recorded from Argentina for the first time: Nyceryx hyposticta (R. Felder, [1874]) and Perigonia stulta Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]. Both species were collected in the north of Salta province. New distributional records from Argentina for other nine species are provided, and a previous identification error is clarified."

VL - 76 UR - https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.761209 IS - 1-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia) JF - Ecología en Bolivia Y1 - 2013 A1 - Karger, D.N. A1 - Abrahamczyk, S. A1 - Kessler, M. SP - 46 EP - 51 KW - ABUNDANCE KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AGRIUS KW - BOLIVIA KW - CALLIONIMA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 48 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Les Lépidoptères Sphingidae de République Dominicaine. Liste actualisée et description de deux nouvelles espèces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) JF - The European Entomologist Y1 - 2016 A1 - Haxaire, J. SP - 61 EP - 78 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - BAHAMAS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - CATALOGUE KW - CAUTETHIA KW - COCYTIUS KW - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM KW - HYLES KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - LINTNERIA KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NANNOPARCE KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PHRYXUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos Hübner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new."

VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catálogo revisado y actualizado de Sphingidae de Argentina, con seis nuevos registros (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) JF - SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología Y1 - 2015 A1 - Núñez_Bustos, E. SP - 615 EP - 631 KW - ARGENTINA KW - CATALOGUE KW - CHECKLIST KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NYCERYX KW - ORECTA KW - PERIGONIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 VL - 43 IS - 172 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small sample, substantial contribution: additions to the Honduran hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) fauna based on collections from a mountainous protected area (Cusuco National Park) JF - Journal of Insect Conservation Y1 - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10841-012-9505-0 A1 - Vanhove, M.P.M. A1 - Jocque, M. A1 - Mann, D.J. A1 - Waters, S. A1 - Creedy, T.J. A1 - Nuñez-Miño, J.M. A1 - Vaglia, T. A1 - Casteels, J. SP - 629 EP - 633 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - BIODIVERSITY KW - EUMORPHA KW - HONDURAS KW - MANDUCA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisión de la familia Sphingidae (Lep. Het.) en Chile JF - Boletín. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Chile Y1 - 1956 A1 - Ureta, R.E. A1 - Donoso, R.B. SP - 237 EP - 256 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - CHILE KW - COCYTIUS KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - HYLES KW - LINTNERIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 26 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Fauna Paraguay: Sphingidae - Hawk Moths Y1 - 2006 A1 - Smith, P. KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AGRIUS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PARAGUAY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES T3 - http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html UR - http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html ER - TY - JOUR T1 - List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas JF - Novitates Zoologicae Y1 - 1910 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. A1 - Jordan, K. SP - 447 EP - 455 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - ALEURON KW - BRAZIL KW - CALLIONIMA KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM KW - HEMEROPLANES KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - NYCERYX KW - ORYBA KW - PACHYGONIDIA KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - UNZELA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 17 UR - http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/471/mode/1up ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Sphingidae JF - Novitates Zoologicae Y1 - 1906 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. A1 - Jordan, K. SP - 178 EP - 185 KW - AMPLYPTERUS KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COSTA RICA KW - CUBA KW - DAPHNIS KW - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO KW - ECUADOR KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GRENADA KW - INDONESIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PARAGUAY KW - PERU KW - PHYLLOXIPHIA KW - POLYPTYCHUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SAINT LUCIA KW - SIERRA LEONE KW - SOLOMON ISLANDS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES KW - SULAWESI KW - TEMNORA KW - VENEZUELA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 13 UR - https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/192/mode/1up ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Descriptions of new Sphingidae in the collection of Dr Otto Staudinger JF - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris Y1 - 1895 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. SP - 297 EP - 302 + pls V KW - ACOSMERYCOIDES KW - AMBULYX KW - BOLIVIA KW - BORNEO KW - CATALOGUE KW - CECHENENA KW - COLOMBIA KW - ENPINANGA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GIGANTEOPALPUS KW - INDIA KW - MALAYSIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NEPHELE KW - PERU KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - TEMNORA KW - TETRACHROA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Galápagos Islands: their identification, distribution, and host plants, with new records JF - Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft Y1 - 2002 A1 - Roque-Albelo, L. A1 - Landry, B. SP - 217 EP - 226 KW - AGRIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GALAPAGOS KW - HYLES KW - KEY KW - MANDUCA KW - PERIGONIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 74 UR - https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=seg-001%3A2001%3A74%3A%3A305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estudios de Lepidopterologia Argentina. IIIº. - Catalogo sistematico de los Sphingidae (Lep.) JF - Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Y1 - 1933 A1 - Orfila, R. N. SP - 189 EP - 206 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AMPHIMOEA KW - ARGENTINA KW - CALLIONIMA KW - CATALOGUE KW - EUMORPHA KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - NYCERYX KW - PERIGONIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fauna entomologica de la Reserva Natural Bosawas, Nicaragua. XIV. Cinco Sphingidae nuevos para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera) JF - Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia Y1 - 1998 A1 - Maes, J. M. SP - 25 EP - 30 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NICARAGUA KW - PACHYGONIDIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 44 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Documents pour servir à l'étude des Sphingidae du Vénézuéla (Lépid., Hétér.) (8e note) JF - Boletín de Entomologia Venezolana Y1 - 1946 A1 - Lichy, R. SP - 15 EP - 26 KW - CATALOGUE KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NYCERYX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - VENEZUELA KW - WORLDMAP1 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Castniidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Perú: a preliminary list JF - Revista Peruana de Entomologia Y1 - 1985 A1 - Lamas, G. SP - 55 EP - 58 KW - CASTNIIDAE KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - PERU KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 27 UR - https://www.revperuentomol.com.pe/index.php/rev-peru-entomol/article/view/819/790 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Die Schwärmer einiger Galapagos-Inseln (Lep. Sphingidae) JF - Opuscula Zoologica. München Y1 - 1962 A1 - Kernbach, K. SP - 1 EP - 19 KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - ECUADOR KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GALAPAGOS KW - HYLES KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 63 UR - https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Opuscula-Zoologica_63_0001-0019.pdf ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea Y1 - 1979 A1 - Hunt, D. A1 - Mitchell, G. SP - 36 KW - ABUNDANCE KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FLIGHT PERIOD KW - HYLES KW - KEY KW - LESSER ANTILLES KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - PHRYXUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SAINT LUCIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES PB - W.I.N.B.A.N. & the St. Lucia Naturalists' Society CY - St Lucia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hawkmoth pollination in the genus {IOenothera} JF - Aliso Y1 - 1963 A1 - Gregory, D. P. SP - 357 EP - 419 KW - APIS KW - BEES KW - EUMORPHA KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - OENOTHERA KW - ONAGRACEAE KW - POLLINATION KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOCOPA VL - 5 N1 - Pp. 357-384 91963), pp. 385-419 (1964).; ; ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neue Sphingiden JF - Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift Y1 - 1926 A1 - Gehlen, B. SP - 172 EP - 176, 248 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - BOLIVIA KW - BRAZIL KW - CATALOGUE KW - COLOMBIA KW - ECUADOR KW - EUMORPHA KW - HIPPOTION KW - MANDUCA KW - MEXICO KW - NEW GUINEA KW - NYCERYX KW - PAPUA NEW GUINEA KW - PERU KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schwärmerfauna von Französisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) JF - Atalanta Y1 - 2012 A1 - Eitschberger, U. A1 - Schmidl, J. SP - 483 EP - 498 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - FRENCH GUIANA KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PACHYLIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 43 UR - https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf IS - 3/4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neue Sphingidae Südamerikas (Lep. Het.) JF - Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft Y1 - 1949 A1 - Daniel, F. SP - 230 EP - 234 KW - ARGENTINA KW - BRAZIL KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - PERIGONIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 VL - 35-39 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalogue raisonné des insectes des Antilles Françaises, 1. Lépidoptères: Sphingidae JF - Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylogénétique) Y1 - 1966 A1 - D'Aguilar, J. SP - 251 EP - 262 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GUADELOUPE KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - MARTINIQUE KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neue Formen aus der Familie der Sphingidae JF - Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift Y1 - 1917 A1 - Closs, A. SP - 153 EP - 154 KW - ABERRATIONS KW - ACHERONTIA KW - AGRIUS KW - CATALOGUE KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOGURELCA KW - SMERINTHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) reportado como plagas en cultivos venezolanos: clave para las especies JF - Boletín de Entomologia Venezolana (N.S.) Y1 - 1992 A1 - Clavijo-A., J. A1 - Chacín-Rivas, M.E. SP - 119 EP - 125 KW - AGRIUS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - KEY KW - MANDUCA KW - PACHYGONIDIA KW - PEST KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - VENEZUELA VL - 7 IS - 2 N1 - N.S. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Sphingidae JF - Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club Y1 - 1917 A1 - Clark, B.P. SP - 57 EP - 72 KW - AMBULYX KW - AVINOFFIA KW - BRAZIL KW - CAMEROON KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COLOMBIA KW - CONGO KW - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO KW - DOLBA KW - DOLBOGENE KW - EUMORPHA KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - MANDUCA KW - MEXICO KW - NEOPOLYPTYCHUS KW - NYCERYX KW - PHILIPPINES KW - PHYLLOXIPHIA KW - POLYPTYCHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - USA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalogue raisonné des Sphingidae des Antilles Françaises JF - Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon Y1 - 1974 A1 - Chalumeau, F. A1 - Delplanque, A. SP - 121 EP - 128 KW - COCYTIUS KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FRENCH ANTILLES KW - MANDUCA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE VL - 43 IS - 4 ER -