TY - JOUR T1 - Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) JF - Journal of Morphology Y1 - 2022 DO - 10.1002/jmor.21510 A1 - Reinwald, C. A1 - Bauder, J.A.-S. A1 - Karolyi, F. A1 - Neulinger, M. A1 - Jaros, S. A1 - Metscher, B. A1 - Krenn, H.W. SP - 1390 EP - 1410 KW - ACHERONTIA KW - AGRIUS KW - ANATOMY KW - DEILEPHILA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - HYLOICUS KW - MACROGLOSSUM KW - MANDUCA KW - MICRO-CT KW - MIMAS KW - MUSCULATURE KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PROBOSCIS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SENSILLA KW - SMERINTHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar‐feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey‐feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar‐feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey‐feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine‐tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function."

VL - 283 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Sphingidae JF - Novitates Zoologicae Y1 - 1906 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. A1 - Jordan, K. SP - 178 EP - 185 KW - AMPLYPTERUS KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COSTA RICA KW - CUBA KW - DAPHNIS KW - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO KW - ECUADOR KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GRENADA KW - INDONESIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PARAGUAY KW - PERU KW - PHYLLOXIPHIA KW - POLYPTYCHUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SAINT LUCIA KW - SIERRA LEONE KW - SOLOMON ISLANDS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES KW - SULAWESI KW - TEMNORA KW - VENEZUELA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 13 UR - https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/192/mode/1up ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Descriptions of new Sphingidae in the collection of Dr Otto Staudinger JF - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris Y1 - 1895 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. SP - 297 EP - 302 + pls V KW - ACOSMERYCOIDES KW - AMBULYX KW - BOLIVIA KW - BORNEO KW - CATALOGUE KW - CECHENENA KW - COLOMBIA KW - ENPINANGA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GIGANTEOPALPUS KW - INDIA KW - MALAYSIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NEPHELE KW - PERU KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - TEMNORA KW - TETRACHROA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 7 ER -