L. W.  Rothschild and Jordan, K., ?A revision of the lepidopterous family Sphingidae?, Novitates Zoologicae (Supplement), vol. 9, pp. i-cxxxv + 1-972, 1903.

L.  Racheli and Racheli, T., ?Notes on Ecuadorian hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)?, Atalanta, vol. 26, pp. 267-271, 1995.