<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, S.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwards, T.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbutt, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potgieter, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Specialization for hawkmoth and long-proboscid fly pollination in Zaluzianskya section Nycterinia (Scrophulariaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society of London</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEMESTRINIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCROPHULARIACEAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZALUZIANSKYA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00005.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">138</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-27</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The evolution of pollination systems has been investigated in &lt;em&gt;Zaluzianskya&lt;/em&gt; section &lt;em&gt;Nycterinia&lt;/em&gt; (Scrophulariaceae), a group characterized by very long-tubed flowers (up to 60 mm) that open either only at night (19 species) or during the day (one species). Field observations of three species: &lt;em&gt;Z. natalensis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Z. elongata&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Z. pulvinata&lt;/em&gt;, revealed that their flowers are pollinated shortly after dusk by hawkmoths. Further observations showed that &lt;em&gt;Z. microsiphon&lt;/em&gt;, the sole species to have flowers that open only during the day, is pollinated exclusively by long-proboscid flies belonging to the family Nemestrinidae. A phylogenetic analysis of &lt;em&gt;Z.&lt;/em&gt; sect. &lt;em&gt;Nycterinia&lt;/em&gt; based on morphological characters indicates that &lt;em&gt;Z. microsiphon&lt;/em&gt; evolved within a clade of night-flowering species. The shift from hawkmoth to long-proboscid fly pollination in &lt;em&gt;Zaluzianskya&lt;/em&gt; was probably facilitated because long corolla tubes, white petals and dilute nectar in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers are pre-adaptations for pollination by long-proboscid flies. However, the autapomorphic features of &lt;em&gt;Z. microsiphon&lt;/em&gt;, such as zygomorphy, diurnal flower anthesis and lack of scent, can be regarded as adaptations for long-proboscid fly pollination. Breeding system experiments on &lt;em&gt;Z. natalensis&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Z. microsiphon&lt;/em&gt; revealed the existence of genetic self-incompatibility.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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