<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hundsdoerfer, A.K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Päckert, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kehlmaier, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strutzenberger, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Museum archives revisited: Central Asiatic hawkmoths reveal exceptionally high late Pliocene species diversification (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoologica Scripta</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT MORPHOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANCESTRAL AREAS ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AROLIUM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BAYESIAN INFERENCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATALOGUE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CENTRAL ASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COII</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYLOGENY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12235</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">552-570</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Three high-elevation &lt;em&gt;Hyles &lt;/em&gt;species of Central Asia have proven difficult to sample, and thus, only a limited number of specimens are available for study. Ancient DNA techniques were applied to sequence two mitochondrial genes from &amp;lsquo;historic&amp;rsquo; museum specimens of&lt;em&gt; Hyles gallii&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Hyles renneri&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Hyles salangensis&lt;/em&gt; to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of these species. This approach enabled us to include the holotypes and paratypes. The status of &lt;em&gt;H. salangensis&lt;/em&gt; as a species endemic to a mountain range north of Kabul in Afghanistan is confirmed by this study. It is most closely related to &lt;em&gt;Hyles nicaea&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H. gallii&lt;/em&gt;, and quite distant from the clade comprising the species from &lt;em&gt;Hyles vespertilio&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;Hyles tithymali&lt;/em&gt;, despite this group and &lt;em&gt;H. salangensis&lt;/em&gt; both completely lacking an arolium on the pretarsus.Our results show that the samples assigned to &lt;em&gt;H. renneri&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Hyles livornica tatsienluica&lt;/em&gt; are conspecific and so we reinstate &lt;em&gt;Hyles tatsienluica&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;stat. nov.&lt;/strong&gt; as the valid name for this species and synonymize &lt;em&gt;H. renneri&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;syn. nov.&lt;/strong&gt; with it. This study shows that the distribution range postulated for &lt;em&gt;H. tatsienluica&lt;/em&gt; extends from Nepal well into the mountains of south-western China. The distribution ranges of &lt;em&gt;H. livornica&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H. tatsienluica&lt;/em&gt; overlap. The study confirms the previously proposed synonymies of &lt;em&gt;Hyles nepalensis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Hyles gallii intermedia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Hyles gallii tibetanica&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;H. gallii&lt;/em&gt;. Extensive species sampling (over 80% of &lt;em&gt;Hyles &lt;/em&gt;species) in this study allowed additional analyses. The dated phylogeny reveals the global &lt;em&gt;Hyles&lt;/em&gt; hawkmoth radiation to be much more recent than previously thought: it began in the Late Miocene and culminated in a Pleistocene burst of diversification in the Northern Hemisphere. Ancestral ranges of basal nodes were reconstructed as highly equivocal, but the Neotropics has the highest probability in the two oldest nodes. Although the origins of the Madagascan and Australian species also remain ambiguous, a large crown clade of fifteen species was reconstructed to have originated in the Palaearctic. The wide distribution ranges of the two migratory species, &lt;em&gt;H. livornica&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;H. gallii&lt;/em&gt;, appear to blur any traces of the biogeographic origin of the clades containing these species. Specialization in larval host plant use onto particular plant families from the ancestral condition &amp;lsquo;polyphagous&amp;rsquo; may have led to an increased rate of speciation and phylogenetic diversification in three subgroups of &lt;em&gt;Hyles &lt;/em&gt;(the Hawaiian clade, the &lt;em&gt;Hyles centralasiae&lt;/em&gt; group and the &lt;em&gt;Hyles euphorbiae&lt;/em&gt; complex).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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