<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Netz, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renner, S.S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long-spurred Angraecum orchids and long-tongued sphingid moths on Madagascar: a time frame for Darwin’s predicted Xanthopan/Angraecum coevolution</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANGRAECUM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COEVOLUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DARWIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DDC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EF-1ALPHA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVOLUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MADAGASCAR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOLECULAR CLOCK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORCHIDACEAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYLOGENY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBOSCIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WINGLESS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx086</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">469-478</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Trait matching between the Madagascan orchid &lt;em&gt;Angraecum sesquipedale&lt;/em&gt;, with a nectar spur of 33 cm, and a hawkmoth with a tongue almost as long has fascinated biologists since Darwin, who saw only flowers but correctly predicted the moth pollinator. This moth, &lt;em&gt;Xanthopan morgani praedicta&lt;/em&gt;, was described from museum specimens in 1903 and documented as the pollinator in photographs and film in 1992 and 2004. However, Madagascar harbours c. 30 species of long-spurred orchids and seven species of long-tongued hawkmoths, and mutualisms between moths and &amp;lsquo;&lt;em&gt;Angraecum &lt;/em&gt;and other deep tubular flowers&amp;rsquo; (Darwin, 1862: p. 202) probably involve a network of interacting species. We infer the evolutionary time over which Madagascan sphingids and &lt;em&gt;Angraecum &lt;/em&gt;have interacted, based on an orchid phylogeny that includes 62 of 144 &lt;em&gt;Angraecum &lt;/em&gt;species on Madagascar and a moth phylogeny with all nine Madagascan Sphinginae. Clock models using either rate- or fossil-based calibrations imply that the Madagascan subspecies &lt;em&gt;X. morgani praedicta&lt;/em&gt; and the African morgani diverged 7.4 &amp;plusmn; 2.8 Mya, which overlaps the divergence of &lt;em&gt;An. sesquipedale&lt;/em&gt; from its sister, &lt;em&gt;Angraecum sororium&lt;/em&gt;, namely 7.5 &amp;plusmn; 5.2 Mya; since both have extremely long spurs, long spurs probably existed before that. The phylogenies moreover show that several long-tongued moths and long-spurred orchids probably coevolved on Madagascar since the mid-Miocene, although field data on the moths&amp;rsquo; levels of polyphagy and pollen transport are lacking.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">469</style></section></record></records></xml>