<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emami, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karimpour, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lotafalizadeh, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle of the Syrian bean-caper hawk moth, Hyles zygophylli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), and identification of its parasitoids in Urmia region, Iran</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Entomological Society of Iran</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHALCIDOIDEA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOODPLANT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IRAN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LIFE HISTORY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MASICERA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PARASITOIDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROCONURA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REARING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TACHINA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TACHINIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">403-418</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The Syrian bean-caper hawk moth, &lt;em&gt;Hyles zygophylli&lt;/em&gt; L., is distributed in the eastern Palearctic region and feeds on the leaves of the Syrian bean caper, &lt;em&gt;Zygophyllum fabago&lt;/em&gt;. In order to study the life history traits and its parasitoids, continuous rearing of the Syrian bean-caper hawk moth was conducted in field and laboratory conditions. The results showed that &lt;em&gt;H. zygophylli&lt;/em&gt; completed four generations within the growing season and hibernate as pupal stage in the soil at a depth of 2 to 6 cm. The annual life cycle of the species begins in late April with the emergence of adults from overwintering pupae and ends in early October with the pupation of fourth-generation larvae. Adult hawk moths, 2-3 days after emergence, mates and begin laying eggs in irregular shape on the stems and underside of leaves. They are spherical shape, light green and 1.1 &amp;plusmn; 0.1 mm in diameter. Depends on daily temperature, the incubation period takes 3-5 days. The larval development time takes 18-25 days and pupal stage lasted 12-16 days. Laval development were completed in five larval instars. The maximum length (in rest position), head capsule, and weight of completely developed larvae were 6.6-6.9 mm, 4.9 mm, and 3.8-4.9 gr, respec-tively. The larvae of H. zygophylli were parasitized by two species of tachinid including &lt;em&gt;Masicera sphingivora&lt;/em&gt; (R.-D.) and &lt;em&gt;Tachina praeceps&lt;/em&gt; Meigen and its pupae were parasitized by a chalcid wasp namely, &lt;em&gt;Proconura barbara&lt;/em&gt; Masi, in Urmia region. For the first time, parasitic relationship between the mentioned species and &lt;em&gt;H. zygophyllum&lt;/em&gt; [sic] is reported.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">403</style></section></record></records></xml>