<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, W.E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extrinsic effects on fecundity-maternal weight relations in capital-breeding Lepidoptera</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAPITAL-BREEDING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FECUNDITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOODPLANT ASSIMILATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEPIDOPTERA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POPULATION BIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUPAL WEIGHT</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/2000s/2005/2005(3)143-Miller.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">59</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143-160</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 19.95%; top: 23.48%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12604);&quot;&gt;Capital-breeding Lepidoptera depend for reproduction on metabolic resources assembled either entirely or primarily &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 24.59%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14304);&quot;&gt;by their larvae, the former termed &amp;#39;perfect&amp;#39; the latter &amp;#39;imperfect&amp;#39;. Empirical evidence suggests that maternal size determines capi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11527);&quot;&gt;tal-breeder fecundity. The fecundity-maternal size relation is usually formulated as F =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 62.02%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 62.34%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 63.06%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10066);&quot;&gt;W +&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 65.52%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 65.84%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 66.5%; top: 25.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09275);&quot;&gt;, where F is fecundity, W is final ma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11859);&quot;&gt;ternal size in units such as weight of newly transformed pupae,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 48.64%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 49%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 49.71%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 50.07%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12479);&quot;&gt;is the slope, and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 59.27%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 59.63%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 60.3%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 60.66%; top: 26.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1261);&quot;&gt;the intercept. Exhaustive search yielded 71 fe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 27.93%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09761);&quot;&gt;cundity-maternal pupal weight relations for 41 capital breeders in 15 families, 58 of which, including 2 previously unpublished, were &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 29.04%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12569);&quot;&gt;based on individual specimens, and 13 on grouped specimens. In 22 individual-specimen relations, cohorts divided into 2 or more &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 30.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1309);&quot;&gt;subgroups were reared simultaneously at different temperatures, on different diets, or exposed to other extrinsic factors. These 22 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 31.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.17481);&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;multiform&amp;#39; relations were compared with 36 &amp;#39;uniform&amp;#39; relations, and where possible cohort subgroups were compared. Pupal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 32.37%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13159);&quot;&gt;weights of cohort subgroups were affected much oftener than underlying slopes and intercepts. Individual-specimen slopes based &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 33.48%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13536);&quot;&gt;on transformed data ranged 0.52-2.09 with a mean and standard error of 1.13&amp;plusmn;0.04, and slopes did not differ significantly among &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 34.59%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10473);&quot;&gt;perfect, imperfect, multiform, and uniform categories. Despite the evident similarity, one relation does not apply to all capital breed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 35.7%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10465);&quot;&gt;ers. Tradeoffs sometimes occur between fecundity, F, and mean egg weight, E. Reaction norms of fecundity and pupal weight across &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 36.81%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10402);&quot;&gt;extrinsic-factor ranges were overwhelmingly congruent, which supports axiomatic status for the dependence of fecundity on capital-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 37.93%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12714);&quot;&gt;breeder maternal size. Cooler rearing temperatures usually produced heavier female pupae and greater fecundities, a phenomenon &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 39.04%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11154);&quot;&gt;of population dynamics interest. The two sides of practically all fecundity-maternal weight regressions are not statistically indepen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1462);&quot;&gt;dent, in effect stating F =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.48%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.85%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 28.56%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14372);&quot;&gt;(W + [F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 33.26%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 33.62%; top: 40.14%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;times;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 34.38%; top: 40.14%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 34.75%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.16517);&quot;&gt;E]) +&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 37.84%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 38.21%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 38.88%; top: 40.15%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11809);&quot;&gt;, which artificially inflates test statistics. Where desirable, the fully independent rela&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12591);&quot;&gt;tion R =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 17.56%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 17.9%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 18.62%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12322);&quot;&gt;(W - [F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 22.9%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 23.24%; top: 41.25%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;times;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 24%; top: 41.25%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 24.35%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15683);&quot;&gt;E]) +&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.42%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.77%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 28.43%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 28.78%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1308);&quot;&gt;can be used, where R is reproductive bulk, the mathematical product of F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 70.89%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 71.24%; top: 41.25%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;times;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 72%; top: 41.25%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 72.34%; top: 41.26%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.20761);&quot;&gt;E.&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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