@article {22362, title = {Studies on DNA barcoding of some Indian species of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of Entomological Research}, volume = {45}, year = {2021}, pages = {39-46}, chapter = {39}, abstract = {

\"A partial segment of 583 bp (approx) of COI gene for eight species of family Sphingidae was analysed in the present study. It constituted surveying various districts of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Uttarakhand located at varied altitudes. The sequences have been added to the database at GenBank NCBI. The analysis
revealed mean K2P divergence of 0.37\% at intraspecific level, 6.0\% at interspecific and 13.6\% at intergeneric level. A hierarchal increase in K2P mean divergence across different taxonomic levels giving an intraspecific range of 0.0 to 3.1\%, interspecific range of 3.3 to 10.4\% and intergeneric range of 11.1 to 16.1\%.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, BARCODING, COI, DNA, DOLBINA, INDIA, MARUMBA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, NEPHELE, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.5958/0974-4576.2021.00006.2}, author = {Kaur, N. and Singh, D.} } @article {22056, title = {DNA barcoding of some Indian species of hawk moths based on COI gene (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, pages = {35-40}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

\"In the current study, we analysed a partial sequence of 580 bp (approx) of COI gene for seven species belonging to family sphingidae. The study was conducted in the northern India mainly in the districts of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Uttarakhand during the period of April, 2015 to December, 2016 the studied sequences have been added to the current database at GenBank NCBI. The database analysis showed mean K2P divergence of 0.59\% at intraspecific level, 6.3\% at interspecific and 12.2\% at intergeneric level. A range of 0.0\% to 2.7\% was observed during the intraspecific study alongwith the range of 3.6\% to 8.2\% in the interspecific study, thereby indicating a hierarchal increase in K2P mean divergence across different taxonomic levels.\"

}, keywords = {ACOSMERYX, ACTIAS, ANAMBULYX, BARCODING, CEPHONODES, COI, HIPPOTION, INDIA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MINIMUM EVOLUTION, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, POLYPTYCHUS, PSILOGRAMMA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {2349-6800}, author = {Singh, D. and Kaur, N.} } @article {21565, title = {Identifying species of moths (Lepidoptera) from Baihua Mountain, Beijing, China, using DNA barcodes}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, pages = {2472-2487}, chapter = {2472}, abstract = {

\"DNA barcoding has become a promising means for the identification of organisms of all life-history stages. Currently, distance-based and tree-based methods are most widely used to define species boundaries and uncover cryptic species. However, there is no universal threshold of genetic distance values that can be used to distinguish taxonomic groups. Alternatively, DNA barcoding can deploy a \“character-based\” method, whereby species are identified through the discrete nucleotide substitutions. Our research focuses on the delimitation of moth species using DNA-barcoding methods. We analyzed 393 Lepidopteran specimens belonging to 80 morphologically recognized species with a standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequencing approach, and deployed tree-based, distance-based, and diagnostic character-based methods to identify the taxa. The tree-based method divided the 393 specimens into 79 taxa (species), and the distance-based method divided them into 84 taxa (species). Although the diagnostic character-based method found only 39 so-identifiable species in the 80 species, with a reduction in sample size the accuracy rate substantially improved. For example, in the Arctiidae subset, all 12 species had diagnostics characteristics. Compared with traditional morphological method, molecular taxonomy performed well. All three methods enable the rapid delimitation of species, although they have different characteristics and different strengths. The tree-based and distance-based methods can be used for accurate species identification and biodiversity studies in large data sets, while the character-based method performs well in small data sets and can also be used as the foundation of species-specific biochips.\"

}, keywords = {AMBULYX, AMPELOPHAGA, BARCODE GAP, BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, BRAHMAEA, BRAHMAEIDAE, CALLAMBULYX, CHINA, COI, DNA, KENTROCHRYSALIS, LAOTHOE, MARUMBA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PHYLLOSPHINGIA, RHAGASTIS, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.1110}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1110}, author = {Liu, X.F. and Yang, C.H. and Han, H.L. and Ward, R.D. and Zhang, A.} } @article {21548, title = {Long-spurred Angraecum orchids and long-tongued sphingid moths on Madagascar: a time frame for Darwin{\textquoteright}s predicted Xanthopan/Angraecum coevolution}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {122}, year = {2017}, month = {07/2017}, pages = {469-478}, chapter = {469}, abstract = {

\"Trait matching between the Madagascan orchid Angraecum sesquipedale, with a nectar spur of 33 cm, and a hawkmoth with a tongue almost as long has fascinated biologists since Darwin, who saw only flowers but correctly predicted the moth pollinator. This moth, Xanthopan morgani praedicta, was described from museum specimens in 1903 and documented as the pollinator in photographs and film in 1992 and 2004. However, Madagascar harbours c. 30 species of long-spurred orchids and seven species of long-tongued hawkmoths, and mutualisms between moths and \‘Angraecum and other deep tubular flowers\’ (Darwin, 1862: p. 202) probably involve a network of interacting species. We infer the evolutionary time over which Madagascan sphingids and Angraecum have interacted, based on an orchid phylogeny that includes 62 of 144 Angraecum species on Madagascar and a moth phylogeny with all nine Madagascan Sphinginae. Clock models using either rate- or fossil-based calibrations imply that the Madagascan subspecies X. morgani praedicta and the African morgani diverged 7.4 \± 2.8 Mya, which overlaps the divergence of An. sesquipedale from its sister, Angraecum sororium, namely 7.5 \± 5.2 Mya; since both have extremely long spurs, long spurs probably existed before that. The phylogenies moreover show that several long-tongued moths and long-spurred orchids probably coevolved on Madagascar since the mid-Miocene, although field data on the moths\’ levels of polyphagy and pollen transport are lacking.\"

}, keywords = {ANGRAECUM, CAD, COEVOLUTION, COI, DARWIN, DDC, EF-1ALPHA, EVOLUTION, MADAGASCAR, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MOLECULAR CLOCK, ORCHIDACEAE, PHYLOGENY, POLLINATION, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, WINGLESS}, doi = {10.1093/biolinnean/blx086}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx086}, author = {Netz, C. and Renner, S.S.} } @article {20925, title = {Tempo and mode of antibat ultrasound production and sonar jamming in the diverse hawkmoth radiation}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {112}, year = {2015}, month = {05/2015}, pages = {6407-6412}, chapter = {6407}, keywords = {ACOUSTICS, AMBULYX, ANCESTRAL STATE RECONSTRUCTION, BATS, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, CECHETRA, DEFENCE, DIVERGENCE TIMES, DNA, EPTESICUS, HYLES, JAMMING, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PHYLOGENY, PREDATION, PREDATOR AVOIDANCE, PSILOGRAMMA, RAXML, SONOGRAM, SPHINGIDAE, STRIDULATION, ULTRASONICS, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1416679112}, author = {Kawahara, A.Y. and Barber, J.R.} } @article {18694, title = {Evolution of Manduca sexta hornworms and relatives: biogeographical analysis reveals an ancestral diversification in Central America}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {68}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {381-386}, chapter = {381}, keywords = {BAYESIAN INFERENCE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CAD, COI, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, MANDUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PEST, RASP, SPHINGIDAE, WINGLESS}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.017}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.017}, author = {Kawahara, A.Y. and Breinholt, J.W. and Ponce, F.V. and Haxaire, J. and Lei, X. and Lamarre, G.P.A. and Rubinoff, D. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {17015, title = {Phylotranscriptomics: saturated third codon positions radically influence the estimation of trees based on next-gen data}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, pages = {2082-2092}, chapter = {2082}, abstract = {

\"Recent advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have led to a surge in the number of phylogenetic studies that incorporate large amounts of genetic data. We test the assumption that analyzing large number of genes will lead to improvements in tree resolution and branch support using moths in the superfamily Bombycoidea, a group with some interfamilial relationships that have been difficult to resolve. Specifically, we use a next-gen data set that included 19 taxa and 938 genes (\∼1.2M bp) to examine how codon position and saturation might influence resolution and node support among three key families. Maximum likelihood, parsimony, and species tree analysis using gene tree parsimony, on different nucleotide and amino acid data sets, resulted in largely congruent topologies with high bootstrap support compared with prior studies that included fewer loci. However, for a few shallow nodes, nucleotide and amino acid data provided high support for conflicting relationships. The third codon position was saturated and phylogenetic analysis of this position alone supported a completely different, potentially misleading sister group relationship. We used the program RADICAL to assess the number of genes needed to fix some of these difficult nodes. One such node originally needed a total of 850 genes but only required 250 when synonymous signal was removed. Our study shows that, in order to effectively use next-gen data to correctly resolve difficult phylogenetic relationships, it is necessary to assess the effects of synonymous substitutions and third codon positions.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, ANTHERAEA, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, CERATOMIA, DARAPSA, DNA, ENYO, HEMARIS, INCOMPLETE, MANDUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PARSIMONY, PHYLOGENY, RADICAL, RAXML, SAMIA, SATURATION, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTIONS, TRANSCRIPTOMICS}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evt157}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evt157}, author = {Breinholt, J.W. and Kawahara, A.Y.} }