@article {20603, title = {Proprioceptive activity of the wing-hinge stretch receptor in Manduca sexta and other atympanate moths: a study of the noctuoid moth ear B cell homologue}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {173}, year = {1993}, note = {A}, month = {1993}, pages = {301-307}, chapter = {301}, abstract = {

\"A multiterminal neurone, recently identified at the wing-hinge of the atympanate moth Manduca sexta, is shown to respond as a proprioceptor monitoring elevatory movements of the hind wing. Extracellular recordings from the individual receptor axon confirm this cell to be the source of the spontaneous and regular discharge observed in previous recordings of peripheral nerve 3N1b1. When the wing is raised, this tonic discharge rate increases proportionally with the angle of elevation. When the wing is displaced sinusoidally at a low frequency, the receptor discharge is modulated throughout the wing beat, increasing steadily to a maximum at the top of the upstroke, then slowly decreasing to a minimum at the bottom of the downstroke. At higher wing-beat frequencies, a phasic burst of activity occurs near the top of the upstroke, followed by a silent period during the down-stroke. Video-microscopic observations of the wing-hinge during active, stationary flight suggest that the receptor is stimulated by the stretching of its peripheral attachment, the subalar membrane. Stretch receptor sensitivity to wing movement is demonstrated in representatives of 4 lepidopteran families, suggesting that the proprioceptive response is widespread among the Lepidoptera. The functional role of the wing-hinge receptor, and its proposed homologous relationship to both the B cell of the noctuoid moth ear, and the locust wing-hinge stretch receptor are discussed.\"

}, keywords = {ANATOMY, MANDUCA, NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPHINGIDAE, TYMPANAL ORGANS}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00212694}, author = {Yack, J.E. and Fullard, J.H.} } @article {20602, title = {A multiterminal stretch receptor, chordotonal organ, and hair plate at the wing-hinge of Manduca sexta: unravelling the mystery of the noctuid moth ear B cell}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Neurology}, volume = {324}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {500-508}, chapter = {500}, abstract = {

\"The present study aims to shed light on the evolutionary origin of the B cell, a sensory element of unknown function in the noctuid moth ear.

Peripheral projections of the metathoracic nerve IIIN1b1, homologue of the noctuid moth tympanic nerve, are described in the atympanate moth Manduca sexta on the basis of dissections with the aid of Janus Green B, and intracellular tracer dyes Lucifer yellow and cobalt lysine. A large multiterminal (Type II) neurone, attaching to membranous cuticle ventral to the hind wing axillary cord, was discovered. This cell appears to be homologous to the B cell in the noctuid moth ear. Recordings from the IIIN1b1 nerve in M. sexta reveal a continuous train of large, uniform spikes, presumed to originate From the multiterminal cell. This unit increases its rate of firing in response to hind wing elevation, suggesting that it functions as a stretch receptor monitoring wing movements during flight. Also identified in the tympanic nerve homologue, and closely associated with the multiterminal cell, were a chordotonal organ and hair plate. The chordotonal organ consists of a proximal scolopidial region and a distal strand that attaches to the sclerotized epimeron slightly medial to the multiterminal cell. This simple chordotonal organ, having three uniterminal (Type I) sensory cells, is homologous to the auditory cells of the noctuid moth ear.

The significance of these receptors as proprioceptors in M. sexta, and as evolutionary precursors to the noctuid moth ear, is discussed.\"

}, keywords = {ANATOMY, MANDUCA, NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPHINGIDAE, TYMPANAL ORGANS}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.903240404}, author = {Yack, J.E.} } @inbook {20492, title = {Swing-hovering combined with long tongue in hawkmoths, an antipredator adaptation during flower visits. Pp. 77-87 in}, booktitle = {Animal-plant interactions in tropical environments}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {227}, publisher = {Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig}, organization = {Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig}, address = {Bonn}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BEHAVIOUR, CLASSIFICATION, COELONIA, COEVOLUTION, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, PREDATION, PREDATOR AVOIDANCE, SPHINGIDAE, SPIDERS, SWING HOVERING, XANTHOPAN}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262001569_Animal-plant_interactions_in_tropical_environments}, author = {Wasserthal, L.T.}, editor = {Barthlott, W. and Naumann, C.M. and Schmidt-Loske, K. and Schuchmann, K.L.} } @article {19746, title = {A third larval form of Agrius cingulata in Hawaii}, journal = {Tropical Lepidoptera}, volume = {4}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {82}, chapter = {82}, keywords = {AGRIUS, FOODPLANT, HAWAII, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Riotte, J.C.E.} } @article {19355, title = {Calystegines in {ISolanum} and {IDatura} species and the death{\textquoteright}s-head hawk-moth ({IAcherontia atropus} [sic])}, journal = {Phytochemistry}, volume = {34}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {1281-1283}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, ALKALOIDS, DATURA, FOODPLANT CHEMISTRY, SOLANACEAE, SOLANUM, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Nash, R. J. and Rothschild, M. and Porter, E. A. and Watson, A. A. and Waigh, R. D. and Waterman, P. G.} } @article {18109, title = {Pollination ecology of {ICaryocar brasiliense} (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation}, journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology}, volume = {9}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {199-211}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BATS, BRAZIL, CARYOCAR, CARYOCARACEAE, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, POLLINATION, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Gribel, R. and Hay, J. D.} } @article {18074, title = {Schmetterlingsarten aus dem Gebiet von Moatize/Mo{\c c}ambique (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {14}, year = {1993}, note = {N.F.}, month = {05/1993}, pages = {71-80}, chapter = {71}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, ARGEMA, CEPHONODES, DAPHNIS, EPIPHORA, EUCHLORON, HENIOCHA, HIPPOTION, LEUCOSTROPHUS, MOZAMBIQUE, NEPHELE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA_14_0071-0080.pdf}, author = {Goldbach, G.} } @article {16867, title = {Pheromone 92 [1]. Dufstoffe aus den abdominalen Haabscheln des m{\"a}nnlichen Totenkopfschw{\"a}rmers {IAcherontia atropos} L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Zeitschrift fr Naturforschung}, volume = {48}, year = {1993}, note = {Section C, Biosciences}, month = {1993}, pages = {510-514}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, PHEROMONES, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Bestmann, H. J. and Erler, J. and Vostrowsky, O.} } @article {16546, title = {Epidemics of horn worm on mung and udid beans in Buldhana district}, journal = {Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities}, volume = {18}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {297-299}, chapter = {297}, keywords = {AGRIUS, FOODPLANT, INDIA, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Aherkar, S.K. and Muqueem, A. and Thakare, H.S. and Mahajan, K.R.} }