@article {22978, title = {A new Dryocampa species (Saturniidae: Caeratocampinae) from the hill country of Texas: not everything in Texas is big}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {77}, year = {2023}, month = {09/2023}, pages = {159-168}, chapter = {159}, abstract = {

\"Dryocampa kendalli n. sp.\—a diminutive North American saturniid\—is described from buckeye-rich bottomlands of the Hill Country of Texas. Adults have subdued yellow and pink maculation and often a dusky aspect that distinguishes them from their eastern sister species D. rubicunda. While the new species COI barcode differs from that of D. rubicunda by only 1.3\%, the adult, larva, and hostplant association differ from those of D. rubicunda. The adult, eggs, larva, and genitalia of the new species are illustrated and its life history briefly characterized.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, DRYOCAMPA, EUPLEMIDAE, FEMALE GENITALIA, FOODPLANT, ICHNEUMONIDAE, IMMATURE STAGES, MALE GENITALIA, PARASITOIDS, SATURNIIDAE, TACHINIDAE, USA}, author = {Wagner, D.L. and Cain, D.L. and Peigler, R.S.} } @article {22796, title = {Seitz{\textquoteright} Macrolepidoptera of the World: perspectives from a taxonomist and a publisher}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {42}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {93-95, 108-109}, chapter = {93}, keywords = {BIOGRAPHY, LEPIDOPTERA}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2000s/2000/2000_v42_n3.pdf}, author = {Peigler, R.S. and Classey, E.W.} } @article {22673, title = {Updated report on intergeneric hybrids between Callosamia and Samia (Saturniidae)}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {64}, year = {2022}, pages = {150-155, 121}, chapter = {150}, keywords = {CALLOSAMIA, COCOON, HYBRIDS, IMMATURE STAGES, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Bingaman, G.A. and Peigler, R.S.} } @article {22575, title = {The life history and phylogeny of Samia watsoni (Saturniidae), a relict species endemic to China}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {76}, year = {2022}, month = {06/2022}, pages = {93-101}, chapter = {93}, keywords = {CALLOSAMIA, CHINA, COCOON, EPIPHORA, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, PROBOSCIS, PUDDLING, PUPA, SAMIA, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {0024-0966}, author = {Peigler, R.S. and Liu, Z.} } @article {22428, title = {Life history of the moon moth Actias angulocaudata Naumann \& Bouyer, 1998, reveals it to be a true member of the felicis-group (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {42}, year = {2021}, month = {12/2021}, pages = {226{\textendash}233}, chapter = {226}, abstract = {

\"Actias angulocaudata was reared for the first times in China in 2018 and 2020 and the foodplant in nature was discovered to be Keteleeria (Pinaceae), revealing that it belongs to the felicis-group, and is not closely related to Actias sinensis with adults that closely resemble those of A. angulocaudata. The foodplant records of all the conifer feeding Actias are reviewed. Characteristics of the eyespots on the wings are identified that predict which species feed on confers as larvae. A parasitoid (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is reported to attack mature larvae of A. angulocaudata. A sexual mosaic of this Actias is also described, showing male and female features in wing color and genitalia. Taxonomy of the felicis-group is discussed, and two new synonymies are proposed. The silver markings on larvae of Actias are noted for other groups of Saturniidae (Bunaeini and Ceratocampinae), Sphingidae, Notodontidae, and other insects that feed on the same foodplants, namely conifers and arborescent Fabaceae with tiny leaflets.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, BRACONIDAE, CHINA, CLASSIFICATION, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, PARASITOIDS, SATURNIIDAE}, issn = {0723-9912}, author = {Peigler, R.S. and Liu, Z.} } @article {21876, title = {Phylogenomics supports incongruence between ecological specialization and taxonomy in a charismatic clade of buck moths}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {27}, year = {2018}, month = {11/2018}, pages = {4417-4429}, chapter = {4417}, abstract = {

\"Local adaptation can be a fundamental component of speciation, but its dynamics in relation to gene flow are not necessarily straightforward. Herbivorous taxa with localized host plant or habitat specialization across their geographic range are ideal models for investigating the patterns and constraints of local adaptation and its impact on diversification. The charismatic, day-flying moths of the Hemileuca maia species complex (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are such taxa, as they are geographically widespread, exhibit considerable ecological and morphological variability and host and habitat specificity, but apparently lack genetic differentiation across their range. Here, we use genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess relationships and population structure of this group across North America and investigate the scales where genomic divergence correlates with adaptive ecological characteristics. In contrast to previous genetic studies of the group, we find broad-and fine-scale genetic differentiation between lineages, which is at odds with various levels of taxonomic description and recognition of conservation units. Furthermore, ecological specialization only explains some fine-scale genetic differentiation, and across much of the group\’s range, local adaptation is apparently occurring in the face of strong gene flow. These results provide unprecedented insight into drivers of speciation in this group, the relationship between taxonomy and genomics-informed species boundaries and conservation management of internationally protected entities. Broadly, this system provides a model for understanding how local adaptation in an herbivore can arise and be maintained in the face of apparently strong gene flow, and the importance of geographic isolation in generating genomic divergence, despite a lack of ecological divergence.\"

}, keywords = {ADAPTATION, CANADA, CONSERVATION, ddRAD, DNA, FOODPLANT EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, HEMILEUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PHYLOGENOMICS, POPULATION BIOLOGY, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIATION, SPECIES DELIMITATION, USA}, doi = {10.1111/mec.14883}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.14883}, author = {Dupuis, J.R. and Peigler, R.S. and Geib, S.M. and Rubinoff, D.} } @article {21672, title = {Ethnographic description of cocoons and silk of the moth families Saturniidae, Lasiocampidae and Psychidae}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {38}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2017}, pages = {113-120}, chapter = {113}, keywords = {ANTHERAEA, ANTHERAEOPSIS, ARGEMA, COCOON, EPIPHORA, ETHNOGRAPHY, HYALOPHORA, LASIOCAMPIDAE, METURA, NEODIPHTHERA, PSYCHIDAE, ROTHSCHILDIA, SATURNIIDAE, SCHAUSINNA, SILK}, issn = {0723-9912}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/NEVA_38_0113-0120.pdf}, author = {Peigler, R.S. and Oberprieler, R.G.} } @article {21524, title = {Multi-gene phylogeny of the Hemileuca maia complex (Saturniidae) across North America suggests complex phylogeography and rapid ecological diversification}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {42}, year = {2017}, month = {10/2017}, pages = {621-634}, chapter = {621}, abstract = {

\"The Hemileuca maia species complex occurs across the North American continent and consists of six named taxa, and several others that were recently synonymized. Taxa exhibit a wide span of adult flight periods, dramatic shifts in host-plant use and occur in a range of habitats, all of which would suggest unrecognized diversity. We used one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes to generate 3900 bp per individual, including samples from every ecotype in the species group across the United States from New England to central Florida to California. We assessed phylogenetic relationships using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Results suggest very low levels of divergence across most of the continent and low levels of genetic structure \– even between some recognized species that maintain clear ecological difference in sympatry. Our results suggest that meaningful and localized ecological divergence may occur in the absence of easily recognizable genetic divergence, due to either ongoing gene flow or the recent diversification in the group.\"

}, keywords = {BAYESIAN INFERENCE, CAD, COI, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, FOODPLANT, HAPLOTYPE NETWORKS, HEMILEUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PHYLOGENY, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, POPULATION BIOLOGY, RpS5, SATURNIIDAE, USA}, doi = {10.1111/syen.12235}, author = {Rubinoff, D. and San Jose, M. and Peigler, R.S.} } @article {21519, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) inferred from four protein-coding nuclear genes}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {33}, year = {2008}, pages = {219-228}, chapter = {219}, abstract = {

\"The Saturniidae, or wild silkmoths, number approximately 1861 species in 162 genera and nine subfamilies including Cercophaninae and Oxyteninae. They include some of the largest and most spectacular of all Lepidoptera, such as the moon or luna moths, atlas moths, emperor moths, and many others. Saturniids have been important as sources of wild silk and/or human food in a number of cultures, and as models for comparative studies of genetics, development, physiology, and ecology. Seeking to improve the phylogenetic framework for such studies, we estimated relationships across Saturniidae, sampling all nine subfamilies plus all five tribes of Saturniinae. Seventy-five exemplars (45 Saturniidae plus 30 bombycoid outgroups) were sequenced for four protein-coding nuclear gene regions (5625 bp total), namely CAD (the fusion protein carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase), DDC (dopa decarboxylase), period, and wingless. The data, analyzed by parsimony and likelihood, gave a strongly resolved phylogeny at all levels. Relationships among subfamilies largely mirrored the pre-cladistic hypothesis of Michener, albeit with significant exceptions, and there was definitive support for the morphology-based proposal that Ludiinae form a tribe (Micragonini) within Saturniinae. In the latter subfamily, the African tribe Urotini was shown to be paraphyletic with respect to Bunaeini and Micragonini, also in accord with recent morphological findings. Relationships within the New World subfamilies Arsenurinae, Ceratocampinae and Hemileucinae nearly always accord with previous morphology-based phylogenies when both are clearly resolved. Within Hemileucinae, Hemileucini are paraphyletic with respect to the monotypic Polythysanini. A preliminary biogeographical analysis supports ancestral restriction to the New World, followed by dispersal and/or vicariance splitting most of the family into a largely New World versus a largely Old World clade.\"

}, keywords = {ARSENURINAE, BUNAEINI, CAD, CERATOCAMPINAE, CERCOPHANINAE, DDC, HEMILEUCINAE, MICRAGONINI, OXYTENINAE, PERIOD, PHYLOGENY, POLYTHYSANA, SATURNIIDAE, SATURNIINAE, UROTINI, WINGLESS}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00416.x}, author = {Regier, J.C. and Grant, M.C. and Mitter, C. and Cook, C.P. and Peigler, R.S. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {21518, title = {Monophyly, composition, and relationships within Saturniinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae): evidence from two nuclear genes}, journal = {Insect Systematics \& Evolution}, volume = {33}, year = {2002}, pages = {9-21}, chapter = {9}, abstract = {

\"The approximately 1500 species of Saturniidae or wild silk moths, which include some of the largest of all lepidopterans, have provided important model systems for studies of ecology, developmental genetics, and behavior. Such studies would benefit from a robust comparative framework, but there has been little phylogenetic analysis of this family. To address this, we use nuclear gene sequences to test hypotheses about the monophyly and internal relationships of the large and geographically widespread subfamily Saturniinae (63 genera, 644 spp.). Extending our previous examination of the genera of Attacini, we analyze coding sequence from elongation factor-1\α (1240 nt) and dopa decarboxylase (typically 1051 nt) in 64 species representing four of five tribes in Saturniinae, 11 of 16 genera in Saturniini, and outgroups in Saturniidae and other bombycoids. The results support a recent postulate that Saturniinae, largely Oriental and Palearctic in distribution, should include the African Micragonini. The alternative that Micragonini or some subgroup thereof constitute its own subfamily (previously called Ludiinae) is shown to result in a paraphyletic Saturniinae. Micragonini group strongly with the tribe Bunaeini, also African. Monophyly for Saturniinae, including Micragonini, is strongly supported, as is a basal split between Attacini + Saturniini and Bunaeini + Micragonini. As a consequence, a postulated affinity to the African tribes of two Madagascan endemic Saturniini, thus rendering Saturniini paraphyletic, is rejected. However, there is no strong evidence either way on monophyly of Saturniini versus paraphyly with respect to the clearly monophyletic Attacini (atlas moths and relatives). This result reflects generally weak resolution of deeper divergences in Saturnini. Several lower-level groupings within Saturniini are strongly corroborated, including the tailed-hindwinged \&$\#$39;moon moths\&$\#$39; (Argema, Actias, Graellsia) that specialize on resinous hostplants, and Saturnia sensu lato, a consolidation of eight small, former genera.\"

}, keywords = {DDC, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, PHYLOGENY, SATURNIIDAE, SATURNIINAE}, doi = { 10.1163/187631202X00028}, author = {Regier, J.C. and Mitter, C. and Peigler, R.S. and Friedlander, T.P.} } @article {21478, title = {Phylogenetic analysis of Anisota (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) based on scolus size and structure of mature larvae}, journal = {Southeastern Naturalist}, volume = {8}, year = {2009}, pages = {739-745}, chapter = {739}, abstract = {

\"A phylogenetic analysis of 13 species of the genus Anisota was carried out using morphological data from mature larvae. Based on quantitative traits, length, and structure of scoli, 18 characters from 3 thoracic and 4 abdominal segments were characterized and coded. The phylogenetic analysis using the larval scoli yielded results in conjunction with previously proposed taxonomic relationships. For instance, the eastern North American species A. consularis, A. fuscosa, and A. manitobensis were found to share a close relationship. Similarly, A. discolor, A. virginiensis, and A. pellucida, three other eastern North American species, were found to be most closely related. However, discrepencies between expected and actual results were also observed: A. stigma and A. leucostygma fell out as sister species to all other Anisota species. This disassociation of the two species from their nearest relatives is believed to be due to the longer branched scoli found on both species and the designated outgroup, Citheronia regalis.\"

}, keywords = {ANISOTA, CATALOGUE, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, PHYLOGENY, SATURNIIDAE, SCOLI}, author = {Burke, J.T. and Peigler, R.S.} } @article {21348, title = {What exactly is Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)? (Lepidoptera, Saturnidae)}, journal = {Atalanta}, volume = {47}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {500-520}, chapter = {500}, abstract = {

\"For more than 200 years there has been considerable confusion pertaining to the correct application of the names Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus, 1758) and Antheraea mylitta (Drury, 1773), with many authors historically and today using one or the other or both names for the tasar silkmoth in India and neighboring countries. Arguments are presented that the two names are synonyms, and that only the earlier published name A. paphia (L.) should be used. Some notes on the history of the misleading interpretations of the type material of A. paphia (L.) and possible taxonomic solutions are presented. There is also disagreement about the correct taxonomic treatment of the entities named A. paphia (L.) and A. cingalesa Moore, 1883. One hypothesis is that A. paphia (L.) from India and A. cingalesa Moore from Sri Lanka were both derived thousands of years ago through selective breeding by humans for their silk from the progenitor A. frithi Moore, 1859 in the Himalayan region. The other hypothesis is that the names A. paphia (L.), A. cingalesa Moore, and A. frithi Moore refer to three distinct and naturally occurring species that evolved without human interference. Detailed arguments to support these opposing hypotheses are presented.\"

}, keywords = {ANTHERAEA, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COCOON, COI, DNA, IMMATURE STAGES, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SATURNIIDAE, SERICULTURE, SILK, TYPES, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {0171-0079}, author = {Peigler, R.S. and Naumann, S.} } @article {21330, title = {Biology and chemical ecology of Eupackardia calleta (Saturniidae) in southern Texas}, journal = {Lepidoptera Science}, volume = {67}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, pages = {58-66}, chapter = {58}, abstract = {

\"Field and lab observations were made on Eupackardia calleta, a large saturniid that flies in southern Texas. Leucophyllum langmaniae is newly reported as a hostplant in nature. An oviposition was found in nature comprising 17 eggs on 8 leaves. Samples of cocoons preyed upon by a mammal are illustrated. Three parasitoids are reported: the euplemid Anastatus from eggs, the tachinid Lespesia sp. near texana, and the chalcidid Conura maria from cocoons, the latter two for the first time. Predation on a third-instar larva by the vespid Polistes exclamans was observed. Phototactic behavior of males (which are normally diurnal) and a multiple mating by a female are newly reported. Three new county records for Texas are cited. Biochemical analyses were done on unfed first-instar larvae, fed second-instar larvae, mature larvae, and adult moths, and the following compounds were found: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine,\  norepinephrine, hydroquinone, 2- (dimethylamino) ethylacetate, trehalose, and 3,5-dimethylphenol, some of which probably provide protection from predators. Trials on larvae were conducted in the lab and field with five species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to test for chemical protection against predation. It was observed that larvae have some chemical protection from ants, and because some of the above mentioned biogenic chemicals were found to be carried into the adult stage, it is proposed that moths of E. calleta may be M\üllerian instead of Batesian mimics of Battus (Papilionidae)\"

}, keywords = {ANASTATUS, BATTUS, BEHAVIOUR, CHALCIDOIDEA, CONURA, EUPACKARDIA, EUPELMIDAE, FOODPLANT, FORMICIDAE, LESPESIA, LIFE HISTORY, MATING, MIMICRY, PAPILIONIDAE, PARASITOIDS, PHENOLICS, POLISTES, PREDATION, QUINONES, SATURNIIDAE, TACHINIDAE, USA, VESPIDAE}, url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/lepid/67/2/67_58/_article}, author = {Louwagie_III, J.H. and Peigler, R.S.} } @article {21265, title = {Field observations of Agapema dyari Cockerell, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in western Texas}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {37}, year = {2016}, pages = {69-72}, chapter = {69}, keywords = {BEHAVIOUR, COCOON, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, OVIPOSITION, SATURNIA, SATURNIIDAE, USA}, author = {Peigler, R.S.} } @article {19695, title = {Re: phylogenetic relationships in Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera): initial evidence from two nuclear genes}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {20}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {311-316}, type = {Letter to the editor}, chapter = {311}, keywords = {BOMBYCOIDEA, CLASSIFICATION, DDC, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PARSIMONY, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.1006/mpev.2001.0963}, author = {Regier, J.C. and Mitter, C. and Friedlander, T.P. and Peigler, R.S.} }