@article {22676, title = {Hawkmoth pollination of aerangoid orchids in Kenya, with special reference to nectar sugar concentration gradients in the floral spurs}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {94}, year = {2007}, pages = {650-659}, chapter = {650}, abstract = {

\"The African orchid flora has a high proportion of species with long-spurred white flowers. Few data exist to test the prediction that this floral syndrome pattern reflects an important role for hawkmoth pollination in the evolution and ecology of these orchids. The pollination biology of five aerangoid orchid species (Rangaeris amaniensis, Aerangis brachycarpa, A. confusa, A. thomsonii, and A. kotschyana) was investigated in Kenya. Four of these have long spurs (.10 cm) and were pollinated by Agrius convolvuli and Coelonia fulvinotata. Aerangis confusa, which has relatively short spurs (ca. 4 cm), was pollinated by the short-tongued hawkmoths Hippotion celerio and Daphnis nerii. Nectar frequently filled the entire spur in some of the study species, even at anthesis. Sugar concentration of the nectar of four species was found to vary from ca. 1\% at the mouth of the spur to 20\% at the tip. Gradients were expressed more strongly in species with long, straight spurs. Species with spirally twisted spurs showed both steep and shallow nectar gradients. These gradients, previously unknown in plants, may function as a \‘\‘sugar trail,\’\’ enticing long-tongued hawkmoths to probe deeply into spurs without incurring the cost of filling an entire spur with concentrated nectar. In addition, the most concentrated nectar is kept out of reach of short-tongued pollinators.\"

}, keywords = {AERANGIS, AGRIUS, COELONIA, DAPHNIS, FLORAL MORPHOLOGY, FLORAL SCENT, HIPPOTION, KENYA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, RANGAERIS, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Martins, D.J. and Johnson, S.D.} } @article {22675, title = {Pollination of the long-spurred African terrestrial orchid Bonatea steudneri by long-tongued hawkmoths, notably Xanthopan morganii}, journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {305}, year = {2019}, month = {08/2019}, pages = {765-775}, chapter = {765}, abstract = {

\"Charles Darwin correctly predicted the existence of an extraordinarily long-tongued hawkmoth in Madagascar, based on the length of the floral spur of an Angraecum orchid. This hawkmoth, Xanthopan morganii, is also the longest-tongued hawkmoth on the African mainland, but its ecological role as a pollinator has been virtually unknown outside of Madagascar. We investigated whether X. morganii pollinates Bonatea steudneri, an orchid with floral spurs that vary from 10 to 21 cm in length among populations. At a forest locality in central Kenya, we observed X. morganii individuals with tongues ca. 16 cm in length pollinating B. steudneri plants with spurs ca. 15 cm in length. At other localities in Kenya, we observed visits by the hawkmoths Agrius convolvuli (tongue c. 12 cm) and Coelonia fulvinotata (tongue ca. 10 cm). Pollinaria of B. steudneri are attached to the eyes of hawkmoth visitors. Flowers of B. steudneri show several adaptations for hawkmoth pollination, including anthesis at dusk and nocturnal emission of scent dominated by the volatile compound linalool. This study highlights the potential for predicting certain highly specialized interactions among species by matching of their respective morphological dimensions.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ANGRAECUM, BONATEA, COELONIA, COEVOLUTION, FLORAL SCENT, KENYA, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, XANTHOPAN}, doi = {10.1007/s00606-019-01605-2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01605-2}, author = {Balducci, M.G. and Martins, D.J. and Johnson, S.D.} } @article {22599, title = {Bats and moths contribute to the reproductive success of the columnar cactus Pilosocereus leucocephalus}, journal = {Journal of Arid Environments}, volume = {174}, year = {2022}, month = {07/2022}, pages = {103990}, chapter = {103990}, abstract = {

\"The pollination systems of columnar cacti in the dry tropics are often thought to be highly specialized to bats. This specialization is generally inferred when flowers that are only exposed to the activity of nocturnal visitors set fruit and seed. Although moths are also common visitors to the flowers of columnar cacti at night, it is generally thought that their contribution to the reproductive success of this cactus is negligible. Using selective exclusions, we assessed the contribution of bats and moths to the reproductive success in a population of Pilosocereus leucocephalus in central Mexico. Fruit set was 100\% for bat-pollinated flowers and 34\% in moth-pollinated flowers. Seed number per fruit was 1473 in bat-pollinated and 836 in moth pollinated flowers. Our results clearly show that in addition to bats, moths are effective pollinators of Pilosocereus leucocephalus in the study area. Therefore, bats are the main pollinators of P. leucocephalus, and moths are the secondary pollinators.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BATS, CACTACEAE, ISOGNATHUS, MEXICO, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PSEUDOSPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.06.001}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.06.001}, author = {Miranda-J{\'a}come, A. and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Garc{\'\i}a, R. and Mungu{\'\i}a-Rosas, M.A.} } @article {22577, title = {Nectar secretion patterns are associated to nectar accessibility in aguild of crepuscular-nocturnal flowering plants}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-14}, type = {Early view}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

\"Floral morphology can determine the type of animal that can be an effective pollinator. In flowers with nocturnal anthesis long-tubed flowers may attract long-tongued insects such as hawkmoths. However, flowers with more open morphology have nectar that can be more easily accessed by bats and short-tongued moths. These contrasting conditions may have consequences on nectar characteristics, since bats can mediate the selection of copious nectar with low to medium sugar concentration values, contrary to what occurs in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers that show comparatively lower nectar volumes with medium sugar concentrations. Here we describe an overview of the nectar features, secretion patterns and removal effects in a guild of plants with\  crepuscular-nocturnal anthesis in the Atlantic Forest, Northeastern Brazil. Such a plant set encompassed both species with restricted and easy access to nectar, i.e., long-tube flowers and brush-type flowers, respectively. We found a marked difference between attributes of nectar between both groups. Long-tube flowers offer nectar of higher sugar concentration at specific periods of the night that can be reabsorbed later if it has not been removed, the brush-type flowers provide nectar of low sugar concentrations, throughout the night, and may increase their production in response to consumption. These differences can play an important role in mechanisms related to the sharing of resources in the community, ensuring an even more intimate relationship between long-tube flowers and hawkmoths, and allowing brush-type flowers to deal with consumption by different nocturnal pollinators.

}, keywords = {ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST, BRAZIL, FLORAL MORPHOLOGY, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, NECTAR SOURCES, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-022-01250-9}, author = {Primo, L.M. and Domingos-Melo, A. and Galetto, L. and Machado, I.C.} } @article {22540, title = {Short flowers for long tongues: functional specialization in a nocturnal pollination network of an asclepiad in long-tongued hawkmoths}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {54}, year = {2022}, pages = {729-738}, chapter = {729}, abstract = {

\"Since Darwin, very long and narrow floral tubes have been known to represent the main floral morphological feature for specialized long-tongued hawkmoth pollination. However, specialization may be driven by other contrivances instead of floral tube morphology. Asclepiads are plants with a complex floral morphology where primary hawkmoth pollination had never been described. We detailed here the intricate pollination mechanism of the South American asclepiad Schubertia grandiflora, where functional specialization on long-tongued hawkmoth pollinators occurs despite the short floral tube of this species. We studied two plant populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and recorded floral visitors using different approaches, such as light-trapped hawkmoths for pollen analysis, direct field observations, and IR motion-activated cameras. Finally, using a community-level approach we applied an ecological network analysis to identify the realized pollinator niche of S. grandiflora among the available niches in the pollinator community. Throughout a period of 17 years, long-tongued hawkmoths were consistently recorded as the main floral visitors and the only effective pollinators of S. grandiflora. Flowers rely on highly modified corona and gynostegium, and enlarged nectar chambers, to drive visitors and pollination mechanism. Despite its relative short-tube, network analysis placed S. grandiflora in the module including exclusively long-tongued hawkmoth pollinators and the most phenotypically specialized sphingophilous plants in the community. These results represent the first example of functional specialization in long-tongued hawkmoths in an asclepiad species. However, this specialization is uncoupled from the long floral tubes historically associated with the sphingophily syndrome.\"

}, keywords = {ASCLEPIADACEAE, BRAZIL, CERRADO, COCYTIUS, ECOLOGY, MANDUCA, MODULARITY, NECTAR COMPOSITION, PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROTAMBULYX, SCHUBERTIA, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1111/btp.13090}, author = {Amorim, F.W. and Marino, S. and Sanz-Veiga, P.A. and Ollerton, J. and Oliveira, P.E.} } @article {22533, title = {Changing the main course: strong bat visitation to the ornithophilous mistletoe Psittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) in a Neotropical savanna}, journal = {Biotropica}, volume = {54}, year = {2022}, pages = {478-489}, chapter = {478}, abstract = {

\"The Neotropical genus Psittacanthus comprises mostly specialized ornithophilous mistletoes, with rare exceptions. Psittacanthus robustus is a common ornithophilous species from the South American savannas whose bright yellow flowers secrete copious diluted nectar. Due to a three-day-long anthesis and a short, non-restrictive floral tube, we suggest that the species also serves as a resource for flower-visiting bats. In a Cerrado area in central Brazil, we investigated the usage of the species by bats through systematic bat captures for pollen sampling, its nocturnal nectar secretion dynamics, mating system, and the relative dependence on diurnal and nocturnal pollinators for reproduction. Nine phyllostomid bat species visited P. robustus. Up to 50\% of pollen samples from bats contained the species during peak flowering, equating or surpassing the prevalence of chiropterophilous species and representing roughly a third of the floral resources consumed by specialized nectarivores Glossophaga soricina and Anoura caudifer. Flowers actively produced nectar at night with volume and concentration values in the ideal ranges for bat consumption. Nectar is continuously secreted after sunset and accumulates in the absence of visitors. Psittacanthus robustus is self-compatible but seeds are set mostly by diurnal visitors. Nocturnal animals had a low and secondary contribution to plant fitness. This is the second report of bat pollination for the genus Psittacanthus, and the largest assemblage of bat visitors for the family Loranthaceae. Although ornithophilous, P. robustus is an important resource for bats in the Brazilian savanna, potentially representing a mixed or early transitional state toward bat pollination.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BATS, BRAZIL, LORANTHACEAE, NECTAR COMPOSITION, NECTAR SOURCES, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1111/btp.13070}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13070}, author = {Diniz, U.M. and Fischer, N.L.S. and Aguiar, L.M.S.} } @article {22349, title = {Variation in Manduca sexta pollination-related floral traits and reproduction in a wild tobacco plant}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecolology and Evolution}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, month = {07/2021}, pages = {680463}, chapter = {680463}, abstract = {

\"Most flowering plants depend on animal pollination for successful sexual reproduction. Floral signals such as color, shape, and odor are crucial in establishing this (often mutualistic) interaction. Plant and pollinator phenotypes can vary temporally but also spatially, thus creating mosaic-like patterns of local adaptations. Here, we investigated natural variation in floral morphology, flower volatile emission, and phenology in four accessions of a self-compatible wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, to assess how these traits match the sensory perception of a known pollinator, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. These accessions differ in floral traits and also in their habitat altitudes. Based on habitat temperatures, the accession occurring at the highest altitude (California) is less likely to be visited by M. sexta, while the others (Arizona, Utah 1, and Utah 2) are known to receive M. sexta pollinations. The accessions varied significantly in flower morphologies, volatile emissions, flower opening, and phenology, traits likely important for M. sexta perception and floral handling. In wind tunnel assays, we assessed the seed set of emasculated flowers after M. sexta visitation and of natural selfed and hand-pollinated selfed flowers. After moth visitations, plants of two accessions (Arizona and Utah 2) produced more capsules than the other two, consistent with predictions that accessions co-occurring with M. sexta would benefit more from the pollination services of this moth. We quantified flower and capsule production in four accessions in a glasshouse assay without pollinators to assess the potential for self-pollination. The two Utah accessions set significantly more seeds after pollen supplementation compared with those of autonomous selfing flowers, suggesting a greater opportunistic benefit from efficient pollinators than the other two. Moreover, emasculated flowers of the accession with the most exposed stigma (Utah 2) produced the greatest seed set after M. sexta visitation. This study reveals intraspecific variation in pollination syndromes that illuminate the potential of a plant species to adapt to local pollinator communities, changing environments, and altered pollination networks.\"

}, keywords = {FLORAL MORPHOLOGY, FLORAL SCENT, MANDUCA, NICOTIANA, PHENOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE, TRAITS, USA}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2021.680463}, author = {Bing, J. and Li, X. and Haverkamp, A. and Baldwin, I.T. and Hansson, B.S. and Knaden, M. and Yon, F.} } @article {22085, title = {{\"U}ber des Ursprung der dorsalen Hinterleibs- und Hinterfl{\"u}gelf{\"a}rbung der holarktischen Sphingidae am Beispiel der Gattung Sphinx Linnaeus 1758 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, N.F.}, volume = {40}, year = {2019}, pages = {97-112}, chapter = {97}, abstract = {

\"Dorsale Hinterleibs- und Hinterfl\üigel\­muster einiger Vertreter der Sphinginae weisen bunte Tup\­fer auf; es uberwiegen gelbe oder wei\ßliche Farbt\öne. Wenige Ausnahmef\älle sind von roter oder violetter F\ärbung gekennzeichnet; ausgerechnet diese scheinen \— aufgrund besonderer Umweltanpassungen, die sich zur\ückverfolgen lassen \— eine Erklarung fur die Farbt\öne dieser K\örperteile liefern zu k\önnen. Einen besonderen Einblick bietet hierbei die Gattung Sphinx, die daher bei dieser Betrachtung als Schl\üssel angewandt werden kann; samtliche nearktische Arten dieser in der Neuen Welt beheimateten Gattung wei\­sen nur wei\ßliche Dorsalmuster auf, w\ährend diese bei eini\­gen wenigen pal\äarktischen Arten \— bei einer weitgehend identischen Zeichnung \— intensiv rosaviolett gef\ärbt sind. Dieser F\ärbunterschied spiegelt wider, wie der vorliegende botanische Vergleich nahelegt, die unterschiedlichen Bl\ütenfarben der in entsprechenden Breiten des jeweiligen Kontinents \überwiegenden Pflanzenarten: Wahrend es in der Nearktis aufgrund der seit altersher starken Pr\äsenz nektarsaugender Schw\ärmerarten viele sphingophile Pflan\­zen gibt, die mit hellen Bl\ütenfarben und n\ächtlichem Duft Schw\ärmer anlocken, sind die (gr\ö\ßtenteils verwandten) Pflanzen der nordlichen Pal\äarktis, in der die n\ächtlichen Best\äuber weitgehend fehlten, vorwiegend auf Hymeno\­ptera und tagaktive Lepidoptera angewiesen, die sie mit mehr oder weniger violetten F\ärbt\önen anlocken; die letzteren haben \— aus mimetischen Gr\ünden \— den Farbwechsel bei den eingewanderten Vorfahren der heutigen pal\äaktischen Arten Sphinx ligustri LINNAEUS 1758 und S. constricta BUT\­LER, 1885 bewirkt. Der evidente Farbwechsel belegt die Ausbreitung der Gattung Sphinx aus der Neuen in die Alte Welt \— und zeigt, da\ß die Dorsalf\ärbung der Sphinginae der Mimese der Falter dient und sich zu den vorwiegenden Fa\äben der von ihnen besuchten Nektarbl\üten f\ügt.\"

}, keywords = {ADAPTATION, ADULT FEEDING, AGRIUS, EVOLUTION, MANDUCA, MIMICRY, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WING PATTERN}, author = {Dvo{\v r}{\'a}k, B.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19640504.02}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19630503.12}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {21834, title = {Pollination biology of four sympatric species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) from southern Brazil}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {170}, year = {2012}, month = {08/2012}, pages = {141-156}, chapter = {141}, abstract = {

\"The pollination process and breeding system of the sympatric Habenaria johannensis, H.\ macronectar, H.\ megapotamensis and H.\ montevidensis was documented for native populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All species investigated offer a nectar reward (mean values of total sugars ranging from 18 to 26\%) concealed in a spur. Habenaria montevidensis is pollinated by butterflies (Hesperiidae, especially of the genus Urbanus) that carry pollinaria on their eyes; the other three species are pollinated by Sphingidae. Habenaria johannensis is pollinated by the moths Manduca rustica and M.\ sexta that carry the pollinaria at the base of the proboscis. Habenaria macronectar is pollinated by the moths Eumorpha labrusca [sic] and M. cf. lucetius, and these bear pollinaria between the palpi. Habenaria megapotamensis is pollinated by moths of M. cf. lucetius that bear the pollinaria on the proboscis. All species studied are self-compatible, but pollinator dependent. They also displayed high reproductive success (ranging from 69.48 to 97.40\%) and male efficiency factors slightly higher than 1, suggesting that at least one flower was pollinated for each flower acting as pollen donor. At the study sites, the investigated Habenaria spp. are isolated (in terms of pollination) by a set of factors that includes differing floral morphologies, different pollinators and/or different pollinarium placement on the pollinator.\"

}, keywords = {BRAZIL, EUMORPHA, FLORAL MORPHOLOGY, HABENARIA, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01285.x}, author = {Pedron, M. and Buzatto, C.R. and Singer, R.B. and Batista, J.A.N. and Moser, A.} } @article {21426, title = {Specialized use of pollen vectors by Caesalpinia gilliesii, a legume species with brush-type flowers}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {88}, year = {2006}, pages = {579-592}, chapter = {579}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ARGENTINA, CAESALPINIA, CALLIONIMA, FABACEAE, HYLES, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Mor{\'e}, M. and S{\'e}rsic, A.N. and Cocucci, A.A.} } @article {21109, title = {Nectar robbery and thievery in the hawk moth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)-pollinated Western Prairie Fringed Orchid Platanthera praeclara}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {108}, year = {2015}, month = {11/2015}, pages = {1000-1013}, chapter = {1000}, keywords = {AGRIUS, APIDAE, APIS, BOMBUS, HYLES, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, NECTAR ROBBERY, NECTAR THIEVERY, ORCHIDACEAE, PLATANTHERA, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, USA}, doi = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1093/aesa/sav093}, author = {Fox, K. and Anderson, K.M. and Andres, R. and Foster, M.C. and Foster, C.E. and Vik, D. and Vitt, P. and Harris, M.O.} } @article {21089, title = {The long-tongued hawkmoth pollinator niche for native and invasive plants in Africa}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {117}, year = {2016}, pages = {25-36}, chapter = {25}, abstract = {

\"Background and Aims Unrelated organisms that share similar niches often exhibit patterns of convergent evolution
in functional traits. Based on bimodal distributions of hawkmoth tongue lengths and tubular white flowers in
Africa, this study hypothesized that long-tongued hawkmoths comprise a pollination niche (ecological opportunity)
that is distinct from that of shorter-tongued hawkmoths.
Methods Field observations, light trapping, camera surveillance and pollen load analysis were used to identify
pollinators of plant species with very long-tubed (\>8 cm) flowers. The nectar properties and spectral reflectance of
these flowers were also measured. The frequency distributions of proboscis length for all captured hawkmoths and
floral tube length for a representative sample of night-blooming plant species were determined. The geographical
distributions of both native and introduced plant species with very long floral tubes were mapped.
Key Results The convolvulus hawkmoth Agrius convolvuli is identified as the most important pollinator of
African plants with very long-tubed flowers. Plants pollinated by this hawkmoth species tend to have a very long
(approx. 10 cm) and narrow flower tube or spur, white flowers and large volumes of dilute nectar. It is estimated
that \>70 grassland and savanna plant species in Africa belong to the Agrius pollination guild. In South Africa, at
least 23 native species have very long floral tubes, and pollination by A. convolvuli or, rarely, by the closely related
hawkmoth Coelonia fulvinotata, has been confirmed for 11 of these species. The guild is strikingly absent from the
species-rich Cape floral region and now includes at least four non-native invasive species with long-tubed flowers
that are pre-adapted for pollination by A. convolvuli.
Conclusions This study highlights the value of a niche perspective on pollination, which provides a framework
for making predictions about the ecological importance of keystone pollinators, and for understanding patterns of
convergent evolution and the role of floral traits in plant colonization.\"

}, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, COELONIA, ECOLOGY, FLOWER COLOUR, INVASIVE SPECIES, NECTAR COMPOSITION, NEPHELE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SHIFT, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROBOSCIS, SOUTH AFRICA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcv137}, author = {Johnson, S.D. and Raguso, R.A.} } @proceedings {20794, title = {Evolution of long-tongued hawkmoths and pollination of long-spurred Angraecum orchids}, year = {2013}, pages = {280-284}, keywords = {ANGRAECUM, BEHAVIOUR, COELONIA, ORCHIDACEAE, PANOGENA, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SHIFT, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPIDERS, SWING HOVERING, XANTHOPAN}, author = {Wasserthal, L.T.} } @article {20545, title = {The pollination of {IMerremia palmeri} (Convolvulaceae): can hawk moths be trusted?}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {83}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {1050-1056}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CONVOLVULACEAE, ERINNYIS, HYLES, MANDUCA, MERREMIA, MEXICO, NECTAR COMPOSITION, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Willmott, A. P. and B{\'u}rquez, A.} } @article {19655, title = {Trumpet flowers of the Sonoran Desert: floral biology of Peniocereus cacti and sacred Datura}, journal = {International Journal of Plant Science}, volume = {164}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {877-892}, chapter = {877}, keywords = {AGRIUS, APIS, CACTACEAE, DATURA, FLORAL SCENT, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, PENIOCEREUS, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1086/378539}, author = {Raguso, R.A. and Henzel, C. and Buchmann, S.L. and Nabhan, G.P.} } @article {19363, title = {Possible tobacco progenitors share long-tongued hawkmoths as pollen vectors}, journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {241}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {47-54}, chapter = {47}, abstract = {

\"The putative ancestors of the allopolyploid hybrid Nicotiana tabacum have distinct flower features, apparently suited either for hawkmoth or bat pollination. This suggests that progenitors were reproductively isolated by mechanical and ethological barriers. However, the present data show that in natural populations pollen vectors could be shared by two of the possible progenitors. Pollen vectors of one of the possible male progenitors (N. otophora) were short- and long-tongued hawkmoths and a nectar-feeding bat, while those of the female ancestor (N. sylvestris) were only long-tongued hawkmoths. The latter are then the most likely vectors responsible for the presumed spontaneous hybridization. These data also suggest that interspecific pollen transfer occurred more likely in one direction.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, BATS, HYBRIDS, MANDUCA, NICOTIANA, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.1007/s00606-003-0027-9}, author = {Nattero, J. and Mor{\'e}, M. and S{\'e}rsic, A.N. and Cocucci, A.A.} } @article {19284, title = {Armament imbalances: match and mismatch in plant-pollinator traits of highly specialized long-spurred orchids}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {e41878}, keywords = {ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, HABENARIA, MANDUCA, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SHIFT, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROBOSCIS, SELECTION, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Mor{\'e}, M. and Amorim, F. W. and Benitez-Vieyra, S. and Medina, A. M. and Sazima, M. and Cocucci, A. A.} } @article {19224, title = {Orchid pollination: from Darwin to the present day}, journal = {Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society of London}, volume = {161}, year = {2009}, month = {09/2009}, pages = {1-19}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

\"In this year celebrating the bicentenary of the birth of Darwin and the sesquicentennial of the publication of Darwin\&$\#$39;s On the Origin of Species, the present paper aims to assess the impact of Darwin\&$\#$39;s legacy on the history of orchid pollination biology. To illustrate the major contribution of Darwin to this fascinating biological field, we focus on the large angraecoid orchid group and propose an overview of the complex relationships that these orchids have developed with specific pollinators. We further discuss how Darwin\&$\#$39;s seminal work on the angraecoid orchid Angraecum sesquipedale triggered the beginning of a long debate about the evolution of long floral spurs and why his idea of reciprocal evolution or \‘coevolution\’ was one of the great contributions to evolutionary biology.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ANGRAECUM, BIRDS, COELONIA, DAPHNIS, DARWIN, HIPPOTION, MADAGASCAR, MASCARENE ISLANDS, NEPHELE, ORCHIDACEAE, PANOGENA, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SHIFT, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, REVIEW, SPHINGIDAE, XANTHOPAN}, doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00995.x}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/161/1/1/2418453}, author = {Micheneau, C. and Johnson, S.D. and Fay, M.F.} } @article {18880, title = {Phylogenetic relationships in the genus {ICrinum} (Amaryllidaceae) with emphasis on tropical African species: evidence from {ItrnL-F} and nuclear ITS DNA sequence data}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {56}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {801-810}, keywords = {AGRIUS, AMARYLLIDACEAE, CRINUM, DNA, ITS, PHYLOGENY, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, TRNL-F}, author = {Kwembeya, E. G. and Bjor{\r a}, C. S. and Stedje, B. and Nordal, I.} } @article {16555, title = {Pollinator-mediated selection on flower-tube length in a hawkmoth-pollinated {IGladiolus} (Iridaceae)}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London}, volume = {269}, year = {2002}, note = {B}, month = {2002}, pages = {631-636}, keywords = {AGRIUS, GLADIOLUS, IRIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SELECTION, SOUTH AFRICA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Alexandersson, R. and Johnson, S. D.} }