@article {23070, title = {Notes on the use of genus Hyloicus H{\"u}bner, 1819, with the description of a new species of the {\textquotedblleft}H. pinastri complex{\textquotedblright} from Corsica (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} entomologique de France}, volume = {128}, year = {2023}, month = {15/12/2023}, pages = {621-634}, chapter = {621}, abstract = {

\"The authors briefly discuss the merits of separating the genus Hyloicus H\übner, 1819, from the genus Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758, a treatment that has been debated for more than forty years. They provide a brief history of the development of the taxonomy of the members (all Palaearctic) of the \“H. pinastri complex\”. Then they report the unexpected finding that the representative of this complex on the island of Corsica represents a new species, described herein as Hyloicus corsica n. sp. It can be distinguished from its continental relatives, H. pinastri (Linnaeus, 1758) and H. maurorum Jordan, 1931, by its larger size, characters of the male genitalia and consistent genetic divergence of the standard DNA barcode marker (a fragment of COI gene). Only males have been observed so far, and the species is currently known as a Corsican endemic found in several localities in both southern and northern parts of the island.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, CORSICA, DNA, FRANCE, IMMATURE STAGES, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {https://doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2299}, author = {Haxaire, J. and Melichar, T. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {23046, title = {Tibetanja tagoroides gen. et sp. n., a new genus and species from Tibet (Lepidoptera, Eupterotidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {41}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {153}, chapter = {147}, abstract = {

\"A new genus and species in the family Eupterotidae (Bombycoidea) are described from Tibet: Tibetanja gen. n. tagoroides sp. n. Holotype male will be deposited in Museum f\ür Naturkunde, Berlin. Based mainly on morphological aspects, it is classified provisionally within the African subfamily Janinae. The taxon is described; males, male genitalia structures and some other Eupterotidae taxa are figured for comparison.\"

}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CHINA, COI, EUPTEROTIDAE, MALE GENITALIA, MTDNA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, TIBETANJA}, author = {Naumann, S. and N{\"a}ssig, W.A. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22999, title = {Critical re-examination of known purported fossil Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {11}, year = {2023}, month = {11/2023}, pages = {e16049}, chapter = {e16049}, abstract = {

\"We critically re-examine 17 records of fossils currently assigned to the lepidopteran superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes the silk moths, emperor moths and hawk moths. These records include subfossils, compression and impression fossils, permineralizations and ichnofossils. We assess whether observable morphological features warrant their confident assignment to the superfamily. None of the examined fossils displays characters that allow unequivocal identification as Sphingidae, but three fossils and a subfossil (Mioclanis shanwangiana Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994, two fossil larvae, and a proboscis in asphaltum) have combinations of diagnostic features that support placement in the family. The identification of a fossil pupa as Bunaeini (Saturniidae) is well supported. The other fossils that we evaluate lack definitive bombycoid and, in several cases, even lepidopteran characters. Some of these dubious fossils have been used as calibration points in earlier studies casting doubt on the resulting age estimates. All fossil specimens reliably assigned to Bombycoidea are relatively young, the earliest fossil evidence of the superfamily dating to the middle Miocene.\"

}, keywords = {ATTACUS, BOMBYCITES, BOMBYCOIDEA, COCOON, FOSSILS, MIOCLANIS, PROBOSCIS, PUPATION CHAMBER, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGIDITES}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.16049}, author = {Heikkil{\"a}, M. and Minet, J. and Zwick, A. and Hundsdoerfer, A. and Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {22807, title = {What happens to the traditional taxonomy when a well-known tropical saturniid moth fauna is DNA barcoded?}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {478-505}, chapter = {478}, abstract = {

\"Biodiversity of tropical Saturniidae, as measured through traditionally described and catalogued species, strongly risks pooling cryptic species under one name. We examined the DNA barcodes, morphology, habitus and ecology of 32 \‘well known\’ species of dry forest saturniid moths from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in north-western Costa Rica and found that they contain as many as 49 biological entities that are probably separate species. The most prominent splitting of traditional species \– Eacles imperialis, Automeris zugana, Automeris tridens, Othorene verana, Hylesia dalina, Dirphia avia, Syssphinx molina, Syssphinx colla, and Syssphinx quadrilineata \– is where one species was believed to breed in dry forest and rain forest, but is found to be two biological entities variously distinguishable by DNA barcodes and morphology, habitus, and/or microecological distribution. This implies that \‘standard\’ biological information about each traditional species may be an unconscious mix of interspecific information, and begs renewed DNA barcoding, closer attention to so-called intraspecific variation, and increased museum collection and curation of specimens from more individual and ecologically characterised sites \– as well as eventually more species descriptions. Simultaneously, this inclusion of sibling species as individual entities in biodiversity studies, rather than pooled under one traditional name, reduces the degree of ecological and evolutionary generalisation perceived by the observer.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AUTOMERIS, BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, CAIO, COI, COSTA RICA, DIRPHIA, DNA, EACLES, HYLESIA, MALE GENITALIA, OTHORENE, PERIPHOBA, PTILOSCOLA, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SYSSPHINX, TAXONOMY}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {10.1071/is12038}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12038}, author = {Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W. and Harvey, D.J. and Darrow, K. and Rougerie, R. and Hajibabaei, M. and Smith, M.A. and Bertrand, C. and Gamboa, I.C. and Espinoza, B. and Sullivan, J.B. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Herbin, D. and Chavarria, L.F. and Franco, R. and Cambronero, H. and Rios, S. and Quesada, F. and Pereira, G. and Vargas, J. and Guadamuz, A. and Espinoza, R. and Hernandez, J. and Rios, L. and Cantillano, E. and Moraga, R. and Moraga, C. and Rios, P. and Rios, M. and Calero, R. and Martinez, D. and Brice{\~n}o, D. and Carmona, M. and Apu, E. and Aragon, K. and Uma{\~n}a, C. and Perez, J. and Cordoba, A. and Uma{\~n}a, P. and Sihezar, G. and Espinoza, O. and Cano, C. and Araya, E. and Garcia, D. and Ramirez, H. and Pereira, M. and Cortez, J. and Pereira, M. and Medina, W. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {22786, title = {Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects}, journal = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases}, volume = {17}, year = {2023}, month = {02/2023}, pages = {e0011063}, chapter = {e0011063}, abstract = {

\"Caterpillars of the Neotropical genus Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are responsible for some fatal envenomation of humans in South America inducing hemostatic disturbances in patients upon skin contact with the caterpillars\’ spines. Currently, only two species have been reported to cause hemorrhagic syndromes in humans: Lonomia achelous and Lonomia obliqua. However, species identifications have remained largely unchallenged despite improved knowledge of venom diversity and growing evidence that the taxonomy used over past decades misrepresents and underestimates species diversity. Here, we revisit the taxonomic diversity and distribution of Lonomia species using the most extensive dataset assembled to date, combining DNA barcodes, morphological comparisons, and geographical information. Considering new evidence for seven undescribed species as well as three newly proposed nomenclatural changes, our integrative approach leads to the recognition of 60 species, of which seven are known or strongly suspected to cause severe envenomation in humans. From a newly compiled synthesis of epidemiological data, we also examine the consequences of our results for understanding Lonomia envenomation risks and call for further investigations of other species\’ venom activities. This is required and necessary to improve alertness in areas at risk, and to define adequate treatment strategies for envenomed patients, including performing species identification and assessing the efficacy of anti-Lonomia serums against a broader diversity of species.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COI, COLOMBIA, DIVERSITY, DNA, ENVENOMATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LONOMIA, RICHNESS, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0011063}, url = {https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011063}, author = {Gonz{\'a}lez, C. and Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and D{\'\i}az-D{\'\i}az, J. and Toro-Vargas, D.M. and Amarillo-Suarez, A.R. and Gey, G. and Le{\'o}n, C. and Tovar, E. and Arias, M. and Rivera, N. and Buitrago, L.S. and Pinto-Moraes, R.H. and Sano Martins, I.S. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Gonz{\'a}lez, M.A. and Kitching, I.J. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22562, title = {Hidden phylogenomic signal helps elucidate arsenurine silkmoth phylogeny and the evolution of body size and wing shape trade-offs}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {71}, year = {2022}, month = {06/2022}, pages = {859{\textendash}874}, chapter = {859}, abstract = {

\"One of the key objectives in biological research is understanding how evolutionary processes have produced Earth\’s diversity. A critical step toward revealing these processes is an investigation of evolutionary tradeoffs\—that is, the opposing pressures of multiple selective forces. For millennia, nocturnal moths have had to balance successful flight, as they search for mates or host plants, with evading bat predators. However, the potential for evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape and body size are poorly understood. In this study, we used phylogenomics and geometric morphometrics to examine the evolution of wing shape in the wild silkmoth subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae) and evaluate potential evolutionary relationships between body size and wing shape. The phylogeny was inferred based on 782 loci from target capture data of 42 arsenurine species representing all 10 recognized genera. After detecting in our data one of the most vexing problems in phylogenetic inference\—a region of a tree that possesses short branches and no \“support\” for relationships (i.e., a polytomy), we looked for hidden phylogenomic signal (i.e., inspecting differing phylogenetic inferences, alternative support values, quartets, and phylogenetic networks) to better illuminate the most probable generic relationships within the subfamily. We found there are putative evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape, body size, and the interaction of fore- and hindwing (HW) shape. Namely, body size tends to decrease with increasing HW length but increases as forewing (FW) shape becomes more complex. Additionally, the type of HW (i.e., tail or no tail) a lineage possesses has a significant effect on the complexity of FW shape. We outline possible selective forces driving the complex HW shapes that make Arsenurinae, and silkmoths as a whole, so charismatic.\"

}, keywords = {ANCHORED HYBRID ENRICHMENT, ARSENURINAE, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS, PHYLOGENOMICS, SATURNIIDAE, TRADE-OFFS, TRAITS, WING SHAPE}, doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syab090}, author = {Hamilton, C.A. and Winiger, N. and Rubin, J.J. and Breinholt, J. and Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J. and Barber, J.R. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @article {22523, title = {New information on Trichophiala devylderi Aurivillius, 1879. Full description of both sexes, genetic study and lectotype designation (Lepidoptera, Eupterotidae)}, journal = {Revue suisse de Zoologie}, volume = {129}, year = {2022}, month = {03/2022}, pages = {283-296}, chapter = {283}, abstract = {

\"Described from Namibia, Trichophiala devylderi Aurivillius, 1879 is a species for which, apart from the original description of female \“types\”, little is known. Building upon recent observations in the field, investigations in various museums that preserve specimens, and a review of the literature, we describe for the first time the habitat, the known distribution, the morphology of both sexes including the presence of two phenotypes, and the genitalia of both male and female. We also provide genetic information from several specimens that reveal little variation in the standard animal DNA barcode. Finally, we designate a lectotype among the three specimens preserved at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden.\"

}, keywords = {DNA, EUPTEROTIDAE, FEMALE GENITALIA, MALE GENITALIA, NAMIBIA, PHYLOGENY, TRAVELOGUE, TRICHOPHIALA, TYPES}, issn = {0035-418}, doi = {10.35929/RSZ.0075}, author = {Raviglione, M.C. and Rougerie, R. and Zolotuhin, V. and Malm, T. and Landry, B.} } @article {22476, title = {A diversification relay race from Caribbean-Mesoamerica to the Andes: historical biogeography of Xylophanes hawkmoths}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {289}, year = {2022}, month = {02/2022}, pages = {20212435}, chapter = {20212435}, abstract = {

\"The regions of the Andes and Caribbean-Mesoamerica are both hypothesized to be the cradle for many Neotropical lineages, but few studies have fully investigated the dynamics and interactions between Neotropical bioregions. The NewWorld hawkmoth genus Xylophanes is the most taxonomically diverse genus in the Sphingidae, with the highest endemism and richness in the Andes and Caribbean-Mesoamerica. We integrated phylogenomic and DNA barcode data and generated the first time-calibrated tree for this genus, covering 93.8\% of the species diversity. We used event-based likelihood ancestral area estimation and biogeographic stochastic mapping to examine the speciation and dispersal dynamics of Xylophanes across bioregions. We also used trait-dependent diversification models to compare speciation and extinction rates of lineages associated with different bioregions. Our results indicate that Xylophanes originated in Caribbean-Mesoamerica in the Late Miocene, and immediately diverged into five major clades. The current species diversity and distribution of Xylophanes can be explained by two consecutive phases. In the first phase, the highest Xylophanes speciation and emigration rates occurred in the Caribbean-Mesoamerica, and the highest immigration rates occurred in the Andes, whereas in the second phase the highest immigration rates were found in Amazonia, and the Andes had the highest speciation and emigration rates.\"

}, keywords = {ANCESTRAL AREAS ANALYSIS, ANDES, BARCODING, BioGeoBEARS, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CARIBBEAN, COI, DIVERSIFICATION, DNA, EMIGRATION RATES, EVOLUTION, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MESOAMERICA, MODELS, PHYLOGENOMICS, PHYLOGENY, SPECIATION, SPHINGIDAE, STOCHASTIC MAPPING, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2021.2435}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2435}, author = {Li, X. and Hamilton, C.A. and St Laurent, R.A. and Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and Markee, A. and Haxaire, J. and Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @article {22427, title = {The wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Saturniidae) of Colombia: a database of occurrence points and taxonomic checklist}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {5081}, year = {2021}, month = {12/2021}, pages = {151{\textendash}202}, chapter = {151}, abstract = {

\"Based on the review of literature and biological collections, information retrieved from public online databases, and from fieldwork conducted between 2015 and 2020, we provide more than 3500 occurrence records and an updated checklist of Colombian Saturniidae, annotated with distribution data for all species. In the first checklist of Colombian saturniids published two decades ago, a total of 184 species were cited; in the current update the number has risen to 653 species/subspecies classified in 55 genera, representing all six recognized Neotropical subfamilies. The Andean and Pacific regions are the richest, accounting for about three quarters of all species listed herein. We call attention to the fact that for most speciose saturniid genera in the Neotropics, there remains a significant need for further taxonomic and systematic research with objective and integrative approaches. Likewise, it is necessary to continue the study of Saturniidae moths in Colombia, strategically increasing the sampling efforts in specific under-sampled natural regions to further document the diversity of this family in the country.\"

}, keywords = {CHECKLIST, COLOMBIA, DATABASE, DISTRIBUTION, SATURNIIDAE}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.1}, author = {Jim{\'e}nez-Boliv{\'a}r, A.C. and Prada-Lara, L. and St Laurent, R.A. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22368, title = {A new taxonomic status for Darwin{\textquoteright}s "predicted" pollinator: Xanthopan praedicta stat. nov. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinginae)}, journal = {Antenor}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, month = {09/2021}, pages = {69-86}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

\"The taxonomic status of the famous Malagasy hawkmoth known as \“Darwin\’s Moth\” or \“Wallace\’s Sphinx Moth\” is revised after a thorough integrative study combining comparative analyses of morphological characters (\"habitus\", genitalia, proboscis length, etc.) and molecular data (DNA barcoding essentially). While the existence of this long-tongued, large moth in Madagascar had been predicted by Charles DARWIN (in 1862), who considered such insect as the probable pollinator of the endemic, long-spurred orchid Angraecum sesquipedale Thouars, 1822, the discovery and description of this moth occurred about two decades after Darwin\’s death. it was named praedicta by Lord Walter ROTHSCHILD and Karl JORDAN, in 1903, in reference to Alfred Russel WALLACE\&$\#$39;\’s prediction (in 1867, about a hawkmoth pollinator) and has always been regarded, until now, as a subspecies of Xanthopan morganii (Walker, 1856), a species known to occur in the continental afrotropical region (remarkably, the hawkmoth species envisioned by WALLACE to be a possible close relative of the hypothetical pollinator of A. sesquipedale). We propose to raise the taxon praedicta to species rank on account of several clear-cut morphological differences and a high genetic divergence (ca. 7.8 \% for the DNA barcode) with the African and Comorian taxon X. morganii. Delimiting species with such criteria is indeed presently considered an appropriate method in the case of allopatric taxa (within the framework of the Biological Species Concept). Our work reveals that the proboscides of Xanthopan morganii and Xanthopan praedicta differ significantly in average length (with a difference of ca. 6.6 cm), suggesting a probable adaptation to different sets of visited flower species.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AFRICA, ANGRAECUM, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, COMORO ISLANDS, DNA, FEMALE GENITALIA, MADAGASCAR, MALE GENITALIA, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROBOSCIS, SPECIES CONCEPTS, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, WING LENGTH, XANTHOPAN}, issn = {2275-9298}, author = {Minet, J. and Basquin, P. and Haxaire, J. and Lees, D.C. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22268, title = {Gamelia bennetti sp. nov., a new Saturniidae species from Trinidad and Tobago (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4942}, year = {2021}, month = {03/2021}, pages = {339{\textendash}350}, chapter = {339}, abstract = {

\"Gamelia bennetti sp. nov. is described from Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, and compared with members of the Gamelia abas species group: G. abas (Cramer, [1775]), G. berliozi Lemaire, 1967, G. lichyi Lemaire, 1973, G. rubriluna (Walker, 1862) and G. septentrionalis (Bouvier, 1936). A photographic record suggests G. bennetti sp. nov. may also occur in Tobago.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CHECKLIST, COI, DNA, GAMELIA, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SATURNIIDAE, TRINIDAD \& TOBAGO}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4942.3.2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4942.3.2}, author = {Cock, M.J.W. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22256, title = {Three new species of the Xylophanes crotonis species-group (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Colombia and a neotype designation for Xylophanes aristor}, journal = {European Journal of Entomology}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {03/2021}, pages = {64-81}, chapter = {64}, abstract = {

\"Three new species of the hawkmoth genus Xylophanes H\übner, 1819 from Colombia are described based on morphological characters and DNA barcodes: Xylophanes camilae Correa-Carmona \& Giusti sp. n., Xylophanes pijao Giusti \& Correa-Carmona sp. n., and Xylophanes tayrona Correa-Carmona \& Giusti sp. n. The new species are compared with the most morphologically similar species within the informal Xylophanes crotonis species-group: Xylophanes aristor (Boisduval, 1870), Xylophanes crotonis (Walker, 1856) and Xylophanes huloti Haxaire \& Vaglia, 2008. Diagnoses, distribution maps, photographs of genital structures and habitus are provided for each new species. In addition, a dichotomous key is provided to identify the new species and the most morphologically similar species within the group. To stabilize the nomenclature and fix the taxon concept, a neotype is designated for Xylophanes aristor.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, COLOMBIA, DNA, KEY, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, NEOTYPE, SPHINGIDAE, TYPES, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1802-8829}, doi = {doi: 10.14411/eje.2021.009}, url = {https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2021.009}, author = {Correa-Carmona, Y. and Giusti, A. and Haxaire, J. and Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {22245, title = {A global food plant dataset for wild silkmoths and hawkmoths and its use in documenting polyphagy of their caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Saturniidae, Sphingidae)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

\"Background

Herbivorous insects represent a major fraction of global biodiversity and the relationships they have established with their food plants range from strict specialists to broad generalists. Our knowledge of these relationships is of primary importance to basic (e.g. the study of insect ecology and evolution) and applied biology (e.g. monitoring of pest or invasive species) and yet remains very fragmentary and understudied. In Lepidoptera caterpillars of families Saturniidae and Sphingidae are rather well known and considered to have adopted contrasting preferences in their use of food plants. The former are regarded as being rather generalist feeders, whereas the latter are more specialist.

New information

To assemble and synthesise the vast amount of existing data on food plants of Lepidoptera families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, we combined three major existing databases to produce a dataset collating more than 26,000 records for 1256 species (25\% of all species) in 121 (67\%) and 167 (81\%) genera of Saturniidae and Sphingidae, respectively. This dataset is used here to document the level of polyphagy of each of these genera using summary statistics, as well as the calculation of a polyphagy score derived from the analysis of Phylogenetic Diversity of the food plants used by the species in each genus.\"

}, keywords = {COSTA RICA, DATABASE, ECOLOGY, FOODPLANT, HERBIVORY, LIFE HISTORY, POLYPHAGY, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, TRAITS}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.8.e60027}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e60027}, author = {Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and Arnal, P. and Hallwachs, W. and Haxaire, J. and Janzen, D. and Kitching, I.J. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22240, title = {Tibetanja tagoroides gen. et sp. n., a new genus and species from Tibet (Lepidoptera, Eupterotidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {41}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {147-153}, chapter = {147}, abstract = {

\"A new genus and species in the family Eupterotidae (Bombycoidea) are described from Tibet: Tibetanja gen. n. tagoroides sp. n. Holotype male will be deposited in
Museum f\ür Naturkunde, Berlin. Based mainly on morphological aspects, it is classified provisionally within the African subfamily Janinae. The taxon is described; males, male genitalia structures and some other Eupterotidae taxa are figured for comparison.\"

}, keywords = {ANTENNAE, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, CHINA, COI, EUPTEROTIDAE, MALAGASANJA, MALE GENITALIA, MTDNA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, TAGORA, TIBET, TIBETANJA}, issn = {0723-9912}, author = {Naumann, S. and N{\"a}ssig, W.A. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {21830, title = {A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {02/2018}, pages = {e22236}, chapter = {e22236}, abstract = {

\"Background
Bombycoidea is an ecologically diverse and speciose superfamily of Lepidoptera. The superfamily includes many model organisms, but the taxonomy and classification of the superfamily has remained largely in disarray. Here we present a global checklist of Bombycoidea. Following Zwick (2008) and Zwick et al. (2011), ten families are recognized: Anthelidae, Apatelodidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Carthaeidae, Endromidae, Eupterotidae, Phiditiidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae. The former families Lemoniidae and Mirinidae are included within Brahmaeidae and Endromidae respectively. The former bombycid subfamilies Oberthueriinae and Prismostictinae are also treated as synonyms of Endromidae, and the former bombycine subfamilies Apatelodinae and Phitditiinae are treated as families.


New information
This checklist represents the first effort to synthesize the current taxonomic treatment of the entire superfamily. It includes 12,159 names and references to their authors, and it accounts for the recent burst in species and subspecies descriptions within family Saturniidae (ca. 1,500 within the past 10 years) and to a lesser extent in Sphingidae (ca. 250 species over the same period). The changes to the higher classification of Saturniidae proposed by N\ässig et al. (2015) are rejected as premature and unnecessary. The new tribes, subtribes and genera described by Cooper (2002) are here treated as junior synonyms. We also present a new higher classification of Sphingidae, based on Kawahara et al. (2009), Barber and Kawahara (2013) and a more recent phylogenomic study by Breinholt et al. (2017), as well as a reviewed genus and species level classification, as documented by Kitching (2018).\"

}, keywords = {ANTHELIDAE, APATELODIDAE, BOMBYCIDAE, BRAHMAEIDAE, CARTHAEIDAE, CATALOGUE, CHECKLIST, ENDROMIDAE, EUPTEROTIDAE, HIGHER CLASSIFICATION, ORECTA, PHIDITIIDAE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236}, author = {Kitching, I.J. and Rougerie, R. and Zwick, A. and Hamilton, C.A. and St._Laurent, R. and Naumann, S. and Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and Kawahara, A.Y.} } @article {21632, title = {The Saturniidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: a model taxon for studying the long-term effects of climate change?}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, pages = {9991-10004}, chapter = {9991}, abstract = {

\"We have little knowledge of the response of invertebrate assemblages to climate change in tropical ecosystems, and few studies have compiled long-term data on invertebrates from tropical rainforests. We provide an updated list of the 72 species of Saturniidae moths collected on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, during the period 1958-2016. This list will serve as baseline data for assessing long-term changes of saturniids on BCI in the future, as 81\% of the\  species can be identified by their unique DNA Barcode Index Number, including four cryptic species not yet formally described. A local species pool of 60 + species breeding on BCI appears plausible, but more cryptic species may be discovered in the future. We use monitoring data obtained by light trapping to analyze recent population trends on BCI for saturniid species that were relatively common during 2009-2016, a period representing \>30 saturniid generations. The abundances of 11 species, of 14 tested, could be fitted to significant time-series models. While the direction of change in abundance was uncertain for most species, two species showed a significant increase over time, and forecast models also suggested continuing increases for most species during\  2017-2018, as compared to the 2009 base year. Peaks in saturniid abundance were most conspicuous during El Ni\ño and La Ni\ña years. In addition to a\  species-specific approach, we propose a reproducible functional classification based on five functional traits to analyze the responses of species sharing similar functional attributes in a fluctuating climate. Our results suggest that the abundances of larger body-size species with good dispersal abilities may increase concomitantly with rising air temperature in the future, because short-lived adults may allocate less time to increasing body temperature for flight, leaving more time available for searching for mating partners or suitable oviposition sites.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CLIMATE CHANGE, COI, DNA, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MONITORING, PANAMA, PHYLOGENY, POPULATION BIOLOGY, RAINFOREST, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION, TRAITS}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.3515}, author = {Basset, Y. and Lamarre, G.P.A. and Ratz, T. and Segar, S.T. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Rougerie, R. and Miller, S.E. and Perez, F. and Bobadilla, R. and Lopez, Y. and Ramirez, J.A. and Aiello, A. and Barrios, H.} } @article {21589, title = {Descriptions of two new species of Hemileucinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from the region of Muzo in Colombia - evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1944}, year = {2008}, month = {11/2008}, pages = {34-52}, chapter = {34}, abstract = {

\"Two new species of Hemileucinae are described from the region of Muzo (Boyaca department) in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Leucanella bonillensis, new species, is a small greyish species whose closest relatives are L. newmani (Lemaire) and L. acutissima (Walker). It can be distinguished from those two species by several subtle differences in wing pattern and coloration as well as a few characters of the male genitalia, which are overall very conserved within the genus. Cerodirphia zulemae, new species, belongs to the very uniform species-group of C. speciosa (Cramer), characterised by a pink ground colour and the presence of a \“Y\”-shaped discal mark on the forewing. Based on its male genitalia, the new species is related to C. brunnea (Draudt) and C. apunctata\  Dias \& Lemaire. It may be distinguished from the former by its more vivid ground colour, but detailed examination of the male genitalia are necessary to differentiate it from C. apunctata. Colour pictures of the habitus of the new species and their relatives are provided, and their genital structures are figured as well, including both sexes for C. zulemae. We also provide additional support to these descriptions based on genetic data obtained in the context of a global DNA barcoding campaign recently initiated for saturniid moths. Both L. bonillensis and C. zulemae are unambiguously distinguished from closest relatives based on genetic distances (no intraspecific distances in either case; interspecific distance ranges 5.6\–6.6\% and 6.7\–12.5\%, respectively) and inference of phylogenetic hypotheses based on partial sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene. These results emphasize the potential of DNA barcoding to support taxonomic work in species-groups considered difficult to address through morphology.\"

}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CERODIRPHIA, COLOMBIA, DNA, FEMALE GENITALIA, LEUCANELLA, MALE GENITALIA, PARSIMONY, PHYLOGENY, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {21519, title = {Phylogenetic relationships of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) inferred from four protein-coding nuclear genes}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {33}, year = {2008}, pages = {219-228}, chapter = {219}, abstract = {

\"The Saturniidae, or wild silkmoths, number approximately 1861 species in 162 genera and nine subfamilies including Cercophaninae and Oxyteninae. They include some of the largest and most spectacular of all Lepidoptera, such as the moon or luna moths, atlas moths, emperor moths, and many others. Saturniids have been important as sources of wild silk and/or human food in a number of cultures, and as models for comparative studies of genetics, development, physiology, and ecology. Seeking to improve the phylogenetic framework for such studies, we estimated relationships across Saturniidae, sampling all nine subfamilies plus all five tribes of Saturniinae. Seventy-five exemplars (45 Saturniidae plus 30 bombycoid outgroups) were sequenced for four protein-coding nuclear gene regions (5625 bp total), namely CAD (the fusion protein carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase), DDC (dopa decarboxylase), period, and wingless. The data, analyzed by parsimony and likelihood, gave a strongly resolved phylogeny at all levels. Relationships among subfamilies largely mirrored the pre-cladistic hypothesis of Michener, albeit with significant exceptions, and there was definitive support for the morphology-based proposal that Ludiinae form a tribe (Micragonini) within Saturniinae. In the latter subfamily, the African tribe Urotini was shown to be paraphyletic with respect to Bunaeini and Micragonini, also in accord with recent morphological findings. Relationships within the New World subfamilies Arsenurinae, Ceratocampinae and Hemileucinae nearly always accord with previous morphology-based phylogenies when both are clearly resolved. Within Hemileucinae, Hemileucini are paraphyletic with respect to the monotypic Polythysanini. A preliminary biogeographical analysis supports ancestral restriction to the New World, followed by dispersal and/or vicariance splitting most of the family into a largely New World versus a largely Old World clade.\"

}, keywords = {ARSENURINAE, BUNAEINI, CAD, CERATOCAMPINAE, CERCOPHANINAE, DDC, HEMILEUCINAE, MICRAGONINI, OXYTENINAE, PERIOD, PHYLOGENY, POLYTHYSANA, SATURNIIDAE, SATURNIINAE, UROTINI, WINGLESS}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00416.x}, author = {Regier, J.C. and Grant, M.C. and Mitter, C. and Cook, C.P. and Peigler, R.S. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {21446, title = {Contribution {\`a} la connaissance du genre Maltagorea Bouyer, 1993: description d{\textquoteright}une nouvelle esp{\`e}ce r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e}e par la combinaison de caract{\`e}res morphologiques et de codes barres ADN (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} entomologique de France}, volume = {114}, year = {2009}, pages = {257-263}, chapter = {257}, abstract = {

\"The recent discovery of a new species of the Madagascan genus Maltagorea is reported, and the new species is described from morphological characters and from molecular data gathered in the context of a DNA barcoding campaign for the family Saturniidae. Maltagorea pseudovulpina n. sp. can only be distinguished from M. vulpina (Butler, 1880) by subtle differences and by a specific flight activity time of the male. DNA barcodes bring unequivocal support to the distinction of the new species.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, DNA, MADAGASCAR, MALE GENITALIA, MALTAGOREA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SATURNIIDAE}, author = {Basquin, P. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {21429, title = {Intraspecific variation in Antherina suraka (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), an endemic resident of endangered forests in Madagascar}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {109}, year = {2016}, month = {05/2016}, pages = {384-395}, chapter = {384}, abstract = {

\"Antherina suraka (Boisduval, 1833) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros. Investigations in the 1950s and 1960s found slight morphological differences between typical populations and those from dry areas of Madagascar, a \“form\”\—australis\—that was not given formal\  taxonomic recognition. In the Comoros, A. suraka is represented by a distinct subspecies, A. suraka comorana Viette 1965. The goal of this study was to increase insight into the biological significance of intraspecific variation within A. suraka by studying male genitalia and flight times, and DNA barcode\  sequences. We also tested whether genetic divergence between sites was correlated with geographic distances or host use. No differences in male genitalia were found. Moths from western Madagascar were found typically flying 2 h earlier in the evening than eastern moths. A Bayesian phylogeny derived from the mtDNA barcode sequences supported: 1) a western clade comprising the \“australis\” populations, 2) a clade composed mainly of specimens from\  eastern/central Madagascar, and 3) a third unit in the Comoros representing the subspecies comorana. While these results could be viewed as supporting the existence of more than one species within A. suraka, recovery of eastern haplotypes in western areas, and the presence of genetic isolation by distance, weaken the case for taxonomic division: more genetic data are needed. Regardless of exactly how the systematic status of this species is resolved, the presence of three distinct populations of A. suraka living in different habitats illustrates the importance of protecting forests in this biodiversity hotspot.\"

}, keywords = {ANTHERINA, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, COI, COMORO ISLANDS, DNA, MADAGASCAR, MALE GENITALIA, POPULATION GENETICS, SATURNIIDAE, WING PATTERN}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/saw006}, author = {Randrianandrasana, M. and Berlocher, S.H. and Rougerie, R. and Berenbaum, M.R.} } @article {21255, title = {Species-level para- and polyphyly in DNA barcode gene trees: strong operational bias in European Lepidoptera}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, year = {2016}, type = {Early view}, abstract = {

\"The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree. In two previous reviews, non-monophyly has been reported as being common in mitochondrial DNA gene trees. We developed a novel web service \“Monophylizer\” to detect non-monophyly in phylogenetic trees and used it to ascertain the incidence of species non-monophyly in COI (a.k.a. cox1) barcode sequence data from 4977 species and 41,583 specimens of European Lepidoptera, the largest data set of DNA barcodes analyzed from this regard. Particular attention was paid to accurate species identification to ensure data integrity. We investigated the effects of tree-building method, sampling effort, and other methodological issues, all of which can influence estimates of non-monophyly. We found a 12\% incidence of non-monophyly, a value significantly lower than that observed in previous studies. Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded almost equal numbers of non-monophyletic species, but 24.1\% of these cases of non-monophyly were only found by one of these methods. Non-monophyletic species tend to show either low genetic distances to their nearest neighbors or exceptionally high levels of intraspecific variability. Cases of polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, as the detected cases reflected misidentifications or methodological errors. Taking into consideration variation in sampling effort, we estimate that the true incidence of non-monophyly is \∼23\%, but with operational factors still being included. Within the operational factors, we separately assessed the frequency of taxonomic limitations (presence of overlooked cryptic and oversplit species) and identification uncertainties. We observed that operational factors are potentially present in more than half (58.6\%) of the detected cases of non-monophyly. Furthermore, we observed that in about 20\% of non-monophyletic species and entangled species, the lineages involved are either allopatric or parapatric\—conditions where species delimitation is inherently subjective and particularly dependent on the species concept that has been adopted. These observations suggest that species-level non-monophyly in COI gene trees is less common than previously supposed, with many cases reflecting misidentifications, the subjectivity of species delimitation or other operational factors.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, COI, DNA, EUROPE, GENE TREE, LEPIDOPTERA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MONOPHYLIZER, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PARAPHYLY, POLYPHYLY, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPECIES MONOPHYLY}, doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syw044}, author = {Mutanen, M. and Kivel{\"a}, S.M. and Vos, R.A. and Doorenweerd, C. and Ratnasingham, S. and Hausmann, A. and Huemer, P. and Dinca, V. and van Nieukerken, E.J. and Lopez-Vaamonde, C. and Vila, R. and Aarvik, L. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Efetov, K.A. and Hebert, P.D.N. and Johnsen, A. and Karsholt, O. and Pentinsaari, M. and Rougerie, R. and Segerer, A. and Tarmann, G. and Zahiri, R. and Godfray, H.C.J.} } @article {21129, title = {Additional note on the genus Archaeoattacus Watson [in Packard], 1914: description of a fourth species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Saturniinae, Attacini)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {37}, year = {2016}, pages = {5-11}, chapter = {5}, keywords = {ARCHAEOATTACUS, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, DNA, MALE GENITALIA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SATURNIIDAE, VIETNAM}, author = {Naumann, S. and Rougerie, R. and N{\"a}ssig, W.A.} } @article {21056, title = {Fast census of moth diversity in the Neotropics: a comparison of field-assigned morphospecies and DNA barcoding in tiger moths}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, month = {02/2016}, pages = {e0148423}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ARCTIINAE, ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST, BARCODE GAP, BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, BRAZIL, COI, DIVERSITY, DNA, EREBIDAE, INVENTORIES, MORPHOSPECIES, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0148423}, author = {Zenker, M.M. and Rougerie, R. and Teston, J.A. and Laguerre, M. and Pie, M.R. and Frietas, A.V.L.} } @article {20952, title = {Manduca exiguus (Gehlen, 1942): a valid species from southern and southeastern Brazil, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {49-54}, chapter = {49}, keywords = {ARGENTINA, BARCODING, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COI, DNA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, SPHINGIDAE, URUGUAY, WING PATTERN, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {0723-9912}, author = {Haxaire, J. and Rougerie, R. and Mielke, C.G.C. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {20905, title = {Staying out (almost) all night: contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages}, journal = {Neotropical Entomology}, volume = {44}, year = {2015}, month = {04/2015}, pages = {109-115}, chapter = {109}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, BEHAVIOUR, FLIGHT PERIOD, FRENCH GUIANA, INCOMPLETE, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1007/s13744-014-0264-3}, author = {Lamarre, G.P.A. and Mendoza, I. and Rougerie, R. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and H{\'e}rault, B. and B{\'e}n{\'e}luz, F.} } @article {20769, title = {Australian Sphingidae - DNA barcodes challenge current species boundaries and distributions}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {07/2014}, pages = {1-12}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {AGRIUS, AUSTRALIA, BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CATALOGUE, COENOTES, DNA, ENDEMISM, EUPANACRA, HIPPOTION, HOPLIOCNEMA, LINNEAN SHORTFALL, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PSILOGRAMMA, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, WALLACEAN SHORTFALL}, author = {Rougerie, R. and Kitching, I.J. and Haxaire, J. and Miller, S. E. and Hausmann, A. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {20549, title = {When species matches are unavailable are DNA barcodes correctly assigned to higher taxa? An assessment using sphingid moths}, journal = {BMC Ecology}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {18}, chapter = {18}, abstract = {

\"Background

When a specimen belongs to a species not yet represented in DNA barcode reference libraries there is disagreement over the effectiveness of using sequence comparisons to assign the query accurately to a higher taxon. Library completeness and the assignment criteria used have been proposed as critical factors affecting the accuracy of such assignments but have not been thoroughly investigated. We explored the accuracy of assignments to genus, tribe and subfamily in the Sphingidae, using the almost complete global DNA barcode reference library (1095 species) available for this family. Costa Rican sphingids (118 species), a well-documented, diverse subset of the family, with each of the tribes and subfamilies represented were used as queries. We simulated libraries with different levels of completeness (10-100\% of the available species), and recorded assignments (positive or ambiguous) and their accuracy (true or false) under six criteria.

Results

A liberal tree-based criterion assigned 83\% of queries accurately to genus, 74\% to tribe and 90\% to subfamily, compared to a strict tree-based criterion, which assigned 75\% of queries accurately to genus, 66\% to tribe and 84\% to subfamily, with a library containing 100\% of available species (but excluding the species of the query). The greater number of true positives delivered by more relaxed criteria was negatively balanced by the occurrence of more false positives. This effect was most sharply observed with libraries of the lowest completeness where, for example at the genus level, 32\% of assignments were false positives with the liberal criterion versus \< 1\% when using the strict. We observed little difference (\< 8\% using the liberal criterion) however, in the overall accuracy of the assignments between the lowest and highest levels of library completeness at the tribe and subfamily level.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that when using a strict tree-based criterion for higher taxon assignment with DNA barcodes, the likelihood of assigning a query a genus name incorrectly is very low, if a genus name is provided it has a high likelihood of being accurate, and if no genus match is available the query can nevertheless be assigned to a subfamily with high accuracy regardless of library completeness. DNA barcoding often correctly assigned sphingid moths to higher taxa when species matches were unavailable, suggesting that barcode reference libraries can be useful for higher taxon assignments long before they achieve complete species coverage.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, DNA, HIGHER CLASSIFICATION, IDENTIFICATION, SPHINGIDAE}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/11/18}, author = {Wilson, J.J. and Rougerie, R. and Schonfeld, J. and Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W. and Hajibabaei, M. and Kitching, I.J. and Haxaire, J. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {20355, title = {Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three cryptic species within the Xylophanes neoptolemus and loelia species-groups (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1923}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {18-36}, chapter = {18}, keywords = {BARCODING, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COI, COSTA RICA, CRYPTIC SPECIES, DNA, GUATEMALA, MALE GENITALIA, MEXICO, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, PHYLOGENY, SPHINGIDAE, VENEZUELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.1923.1.2/26871}, author = {Vaglia, T. and Haxaire, J. and Kitching, I.J. and Meusnier, I. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {19832, title = {DNA barcodes and morphology reveal a hybrid hawkmoth in Tahiti (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {445-450}, keywords = {28S, BARCODING, COI, DNA, GNATHOTHLIBUS, HYBRIDS, MALE GENITALIA, PHILODILA, SPHINGIDAE, TAHITI, WING PATTERN}, doi = {10.1071/IS12029}, author = {Rougerie, R. and Haxaire, J. and Kitching, I.J. and Hebert, P.} } @article {18377, title = {Contribution a la connaissance des Sphingidae du Gabon. (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Lambillionea}, volume = {104}, year = {2004}, month = {03/2004}, pages = {92-94}, chapter = {92}, keywords = {CHECKLIST, GABON, PANTOPHAEA, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Haxaire, J. and Rougerie, R. and Estradel, Y.} }