@article {22894, title = {The relative importance of olfaction and vision in a diurnal and a nocturnal hawkmoth}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {192}, year = {2006}, month = {12/2006}, pages = {431-437}, chapter = {431}, abstract = {

\"Nectar-feeding animals can use vision and olfaction to find rewarding flowers and different species may give different weight to the two sensory modalities. We have studied how a diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle affects the weight given to vision and olfaction. We tested na\ïve hawkmoths of two species in a wind tunnel, presenting an odour source and a visual stimulus. Although the two species belong to the same subfamily of sphingids, the Macroglossinae, their behaviour was quite different. The nocturnal Deilephila elpenor responded preferably to the odour while the diurnal Macroglossum stellatarum strongly favoured the visual stimulus. Since a nocturnal lifestyle is ancestral for sphingids, the diurnal species, M. stellatarum, has evolved from nocturnal moths that primarily used olfaction. During bright daylight visual cues may have became more important than odour.\"

}, keywords = {DEILEPHILA, MACROGLOSSUM, OLFACTION, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISION}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-005-0081-6}, author = {Balkenius, A. and Ros{\'e}n, W. and Kelber, A.} } @article {22892, title = {Interaction of visual and odour cues in the mushroom body of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {212}, year = {2009}, pages = {535-541}, chapter = {535}, abstract = {

\"The responses to bimodal stimuli consisting of odour and colour were recorded using calcium-sensitive optical imaging in the mushroom bodies of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. The results show that the activity in the mushroom bodies is influenced by both olfaction and vision. The interaction between the two modalities depends on the odour and the colour of the visual stimulus. A blue stimulus suppressed the response to a general flower scent (phenylacetaldehyde). By contrast, the response to a green leaf scent (1-octanol) was enhanced by the presence of the blue stimulus. A green colour had no influence on these odours but caused a marked increase in the response to an odour component (benzaldehyde) of the hawkmoth-pollinated Petunia axillaris.\"

}, keywords = {BRAIN, MANDUCA, MUSHROOM BODY, NEUROLOGY, OLFACTION, PETUNIA, SOLANACEAE, SPHINGIDAE, VISION}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.021220}, author = {Balkenius, A. and Bisch-Knaden, S. and Hansson, B.S.} } @article {18705, title = {Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {419}, year = {2002}, month = {10/2002}, pages = {922-925}, chapter = {922}, abstract = {

\"Humans are colour-blind at night, and it has been assumed that this is true of all animals. But colour vision is as useful for discriminating objects at night as it is during the day. Here we show, through behavioural experiments, that the nocturnal hawkmoth Deilephila elpenor uses colour vision to discriminate coloured stimuli at intensities corresponding to dim starlight (0.0001 cd m-2). It can do this even if the illumination colour changes, thereby showing colour constancy\—a property of true colour vision systems. In identical conditions humans are completely colour-blind. Our calculations show that the possession of three photoreceptor classes reduces the absolute sensitivity of the eye, which indicates that colour vision has a high ecological relevance in nocturnal moths. In addition, the photoreceptors of a single ommatidium absorb too few photons for reliable discrimination, indicating that spatial and/or temporal summation must occur for colour vision to be possible. Taken together, our results show that colour vision occurs at nocturnal intensities in a biologically relevant context.\"

}, keywords = {COLOUR VISION, DEILEPHILA, HYLES, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISION}, doi = {10.1038/nature01065}, author = {Kelber, A. and Balkenius, A. and Warrant, E.J.} } @article {18705, title = {Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal hawkmoths}, journal = {Integrative and Comparative Biology}, volume = {43}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {571-579}, chapter = {571}, keywords = {COLOUR VISION, DEILEPHILA, HYLES, MACROGLOSSUM, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISION}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/43/4/571/617782}, author = {Kelber, A. and Balkenius, A. and Warrant, E.J.} } @article {16735, title = {Color constancy in diurnal and nocturnal hawkmoths}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {207}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {3307-3316}, keywords = {COLOUR VISION, DEILEPHILA, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISION}, author = {Balkenius, A.} }