@article {20097, title = {Fauna Paraguay: Saturniidae - Emperor Moths}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, keywords = {ARSENURA, AUTOMERIS, CATHARISA, COPAXA, DIRPHIA, PARAGUAY, PSEUDAUTOMERIS, SATURNIIDAE}, url = {http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/saturniidae.html}, author = {Smith, P.} } @article {22539, title = {Diversity, distribution patterns and preliminary conservation assessment of the Paraguayan hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {26}, year = {2022}, month = {03/2022}, pages = {327-335}, chapter = {327}, abstract = {

\"Hawkmoths (Sphingidae) are conspicuous, large Lepidopterans that play a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems both as pollinators and as ecological indicators of biodiversity. Notwithstanding, there has to date been no attempt to assess the conservation status of these species in the Neotropics. This is due in large part to incomplete datasets and a lack of real longterm monitoring data that allows such assessments to be performed applying IUCN criteria. As with most regions in the Neotropics, Sphingid distributional data in Paraguay is limited to presence\—absence data, and few species are represented by sufficient museum series to be able to make inferences about their phenology. However, the existing data is sufficient to infer abundance and ecoregion association and does provide a reliable picture of distribution in the country. Given their importance in ecosystem health monitoring, an attempt is made at a preliminary conservation assessment using a simple system encompassing the key criteria for IUCN assessment, but applicable to the data available.
Implications for conservation The role of insects in ecological systems is often ignored by conservation planners, who base their decisions heavily on vertebrate and habitat-level conservation assessments. However, hawkmoths play key roles in these systems both as pollinators and prey items, and monitoring of their populations can provide important data regards ecosystem health. It is argued that, whilst the methodology proposed here is far from a fool-proof approach, the benefits of attempting a preliminary base-line assessment such as this outweigh the drawbacks of not having more complete data that is unlikely to become imminently available.\"

}, keywords = {CONSERVATION, DISTRIBUTION, DIVERSITY, PARAGUAY, RED LIST, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-022-00389-0}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-022-00389-0}, author = {Smith, P.} } @article {22509, title = {An annotated catalogue of the Paraguayan Sphingidae (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Biodiversity}, volume = {31}, year = {2022}, month = {04/2022}, pages = {36-81}, chapter = {36}, abstract = {

\"Although the Sphingidae (hawkmoths) of Paraguay are moderately well-known, comprehensive publications on the fauna are few and far between, and there is no modern taxonomic and biogeographical overview of the available data against which future researchers could work. Here we compile existing published data and review important national collections to provide a preliminary understanding of the distributions of Sphingidae species in the country. The presence of 100 species is documented, with a further three species pending documentation, three species considered to be of potential occurrence and seven species considered to have been erroneously cited. A complete bibliography of Paraguayan Sphingidae is provided, as well as taxonomic discussion, and a first attempt is made to associate sphingid species\’ distributions with the ecoregions present in the country. Four species are documented for Paraguay for the first time: Cocytius mephisto Haxaire \& Vaglia, 2002, Manduca exiguus (Gehlen, 1942), Erinnyis impunctata Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903 and Xylophanes marginalis Clark, 1917. Paraguayan specimens previously assigned to Xylophanes porcus (H\übner, [1823]) are re-assigned to the recently described species Xylophanes alineae Haxaire \& C. Mielke, 2017 and Xylophanes soaresi Haxaire \& C. Mielke, 2017. In addition, specimens of species previously named as Manduca sexta (Linnaeus, 1771) and Protambulyx eurycles (Herrich-Sch\äffer, [1854]) are referred to Manduca paphus (Cramer, 1779) and Protambulyx fasciatus (Gehlen, 1928) respectively. A provisional new taxonomic arrangement of the Paraguayan species of the genus Neogene Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903 is also proposed in which Neogene pictus Clark, 1931 syn. nov. and Neogene intermedia Clark, 1935 syn. nov. are synonymized with Neogene reevei (Druce, 1882), and Neogene albescens Clark, 1929 syn. nov. is synonymized with Neogene steinbachi Clark, 1924.\"

}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CHECKLIST, COCYTIUS, ERINNYIS, MANDUCA, NEOGENE, PARAGUAY, PROTAMBULYX, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {538-1318}, doi = {doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.31.2.1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.31.2.1}, author = {Smith, P. and Kitching, I.J. and R{\'\i}os, S.D. and Haxaire, J.} } @article {22276, title = {The hawkmoths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) of Rancho Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, Paraguay with documentation of five new country records}, journal = {Revista del Museo de La Plata}, volume = {2}, year = {2017}, pages = {77-96}, chapter = {77}, keywords = {PARAGUAY, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Smith, P. and R{\'\i}os, S.D. and Petko, O. and Smith, R. and Atkinson, K.} } @article {21755, title = {An aberrant form of Protambulyx eurycles (Herrich-Sch{\"a}ffer, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Paraguay}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, pages = {117-120}, chapter = {117}, abstract = {

\"A new variant phenotype of Protambulyx eurycles (Herrich-Sch\äffer, 1854) from Paraguay is briefly described and illustrated. This phenotype is as divergent from typical P. eurycles as that species is from other members of the genus, however, the genitalia are identical. Chronologically this specimen is also the first of the species collected in Paraguay.\"

}, keywords = {ABERRATIONS, CATALOGUE, PARAGUAY, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Smith, P. and Pett, B. and Dickens, J.} } @article {21351, title = {Oxyteninae Jordan, 1924: first confirmed Paraguayan records (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)}, journal = {SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {44}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, pages = {553-556}, chapter = {553}, abstract = {

\"The first confirmed records of Oxyteninae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) from Paraguay are presented herein. Two specimens from Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca (San Pedro) are assigned to Oxytenis modaustralis Brechlin, Meister \& K\äch, 2014.\"

}, keywords = {OXYTENINAE, OXYTENIS, PARAGUAY, SATURNIIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {0300-5267}, author = {Smith, P. and R{\'\i}os, S.D. and Petko, O.N. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {20097, title = {Fauna Paraguay: Sphingidae - Hawk Moths}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, CALLIONIMA, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIOIDES, PARAGUAY, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html}, author = {Smith, P.} }