@article {22545, title = {Annotated list of the Heterocera (Lepidoptera) of Anamur district ({\.I}{\c c}el Province, South Turkey) with description of a new species}, journal = {Priamus}, volume = {19}, year = {2020}, pages = {1-72}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

\"In this paper, 341 species of 29 heterocera families are reported from Anamur district ({\.I}\çel Province, South Turkey). A new species, Cnephasia anamuria sp.n. (Tortricidae) is described. Totally 84 species are reported as new for provincial fauna. Discussions from various standpoints are added.\"

}, keywords = {AKBESIA, HYLES, LEPIDOPTERA, MACROGLOSSUM, MALE GENITALIA, MARUMBA, RETHERA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, SPHINX, TURKEY, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {1015-8243}, author = {Kemal, M. and Ko{\c c}ak, A.O.} } @article {22449, title = {Check-list of Macroheterocera (Insecta, Lepidoptera) collected in 2019 in Mongolia by Russian entomological expeditions}, journal = {Ecologica Montenegrina}, volume = {38}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {186-204}, chapter = {186}, abstract = {

\"The article provides the list of Macroheterocera (Lepidoptera), collected in Mongolia in two expeditions of Russian entomologists in 2019. The first travel (September 14\−24) \− Bayan-Ulgii, Khovd, and Gobi-Altai Aimaks; the second travel (June 24 \– July 5) \− Uvurkhangai, Bayanhongor, and T\öw Aimaks. 21 species are indicated for the fauna of Mongolia for the first time: Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) (Geometridae), Orgyia dubia (Tauscher, 1806), Thylacigyna antiquoides (H\übner, 1822), Ivela ochropoda (Eversmann, 1847), Catocala deducta Eversmann, 1843, C. desiderata Staudinger, 1888, C. neglecta Staudinger, 1888, (P\üngeler, 1906), Autophila vespertalis (Staudinger, 1896) (Erebidae), Acronicta tridens ([Denis \& Schifferm\üller], 1775), Caradrina expansa Alph\éraky, 1887, C. inopinata Hacker, 2004, Polymixis atossa (Wiltshire, 1941), P. rosinae (Bohatsch, 1908), Dasypolia maria Volynkin, 2012, Pseudohadena argyllostigma (Varga \& L.Ronkay, 1991), Ctenoceratoda turpis (Staudinger, 1900), Mythimna l-album (Linnaeus, 1767), M. vitellina (H\übner, 1808), Dichagyris flammatra ([Denis \& Schifferm\üller], 1775), Agrotis psammocharis Boursin, 1950, Eugnorisma atrabaelbops Varga, 1975 (Noctuidae).\"

}, keywords = {CALLAMBULYX, HYLES, MARUMBA, MONGOLIA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Knyazev, S.A. and Makhov, I.A. and Matov, A.Yu. and Yakovlev, R.V.} } @article {22315, title = {Unique members of the adipokinetic hormone family in butterflies and moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, pages = {614552}, chapter = {614552}, abstract = {

\"Lepidoptera is amongst one of the four most speciose insect orders and ecologically very successful because of their ability to fly. Insect flight is always aerobic and exacts a high metabolic demand on the animal. A family of structurally related neuropeptides, generically referred to as adipokinetic hormones (AKHs), play a key role in triggering the release of readily utilizable fuel metabolites into the hemolymph from the storage forms in the fat body. We used mass spectrometry to elucidate AKH sequences from 34 species of Lepidoptera and searched the literature and publicly available databases to compile (in a phylogenetic context) a comprehensive list of all Lepidoptera sequences published/predicted from a total of 76 species. We then used the resulting set of 15 biochemically characterized AKHs in a physiological assay that measures lipid or carbohydrate mobilization in three different lepidopteran species to learn about the functional cross-activity (receptor-ligand interactions) amongst the different butterfly/moth families. Our results include novel peptide structures, demonstrate structural diversity, phylogenetic trends in peptide distribution and order-specificity of Lepidoptera AKHs. There is almost an equal occurrence of octa-, nona-, and decapeptides, with an unparalleled emphasis on nonapeptides than in any insect order. Primitive species make Peram-CAH-II, an octapeptide found also in other orders; the lepidopteran signature peptide is Manse-AKH. Not all of the 15 tested AKHs are active in Pieris brassicae; this provides insight into structure-activity specificity and could be useful for further investigations into possible biorational insecticide development.\"

}, keywords = {ADIPOKINETIC HORMONES, AGRIUS, DAPHNIS, HYLES, LEPIDOPTERA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2020.614552}, author = {Marco, H.G. and {\v S}imek, P. and G{\"a}de, G.} } @article {22251, title = {Contributions to knowledge of the fauna of hawk-moths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from the Republic of Moldova}, journal = {Oltenia. Studii {\c s}i comunic{\u a}ri. {\c S}tiin{\c t}ele Naturii}, volume = {36}, year = {2020}, pages = {105-112}, chapter = {105}, abstract = {

\"The paper summarizes data on the diversity and distribution of the Sphingidae family in the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of our research and literature data, materials from entomological collections in the Museum of Ethnography and Natural History and museum of the Institute of Zoology showed that the Sphingidae family is represented by 20 species, or 53 \% of the European fauna. The Macroglossinae, Smerinthinae and Sphinginae subfamilies consist of 11, 4, and 5 species respectively. Hawk moths have been collected by authors from different parts of Republic of Moldova during 2012-2019. The species Marumba quercus (Denis \& Schifferm\üller, 1775), Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758), Dolbina elegans (A. Bang-Haas, 1912) and Proserpinus proserpina (Pallas, 1772) are endangered and require protection and conservation.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, CONSERVATION, DAPHNIS, DEILEPHILA, DOLBINA, HEMARIS, HYLES, LAOTHOE, MACROGLOSSUM, MARUMBA, MIMAS, MOLDOVA, PROSERPINUS, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {1454-6914}, url = {http://olteniastudiisicomunicaristiintelenaturii.ro/cont/36_2/III.\%20ANIMAL\%20BIOLOGY\%20III.a.\%20INVERTEBRATES\%20VARIOUS/14Tugulea.pdf}, author = {Tugulea, C. and Tugulea, A.} } @article {22247, title = {Observaciones de Lepid{\'o}pteros en cinco {\'a}reas protegidas de la regi{\'o}n andina de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina}, journal = {Historia Natural (3)}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {191-218}, chapter = {191}, abstract = {

\"In the present paper we describe 57 lepidoptera recorded in five protected areas located in the Andean and High Andean regions northwest of Mendoza province. Aspects of their behavior, morphology, time of year in which they were sighted, height above sea level, and ecological relationships with the flora, whether native or exotic, are included. We also mention new records in the province for Battus polydamas, Tatochila orthodice, Strymon oribata, Hemiargus hanno, Pampasatyrus gyrtone, Hylephila venustus and Rothschildia condor.\"

}, keywords = {ANDES, ARGENTINA, FOODPLANT, HYLES, MANDUCA, ROTHSCHILDIA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Ferrer, D. and Gomariz, G. and N{\'u}{\~n}ez_Bustos, E. and Isola, P.} } @article {22225, title = {A survey on sphingidae (lepidoptera) species of south eastern Turkey with new distributional records}, journal = {Cumhuriyet Science Journal}, volume = {41}, year = {2020}, pages = {319-326}, chapter = {319}, abstract = {

\"This paper provides comments on the Sphingidae species of south eastern Turkey by the field surveys are conducted between in 2015-2017. A total of 15 species are determined as a result of the investigations from Batman, Diyarbak{\i}r and Mardin provinces. With this study, the number of sphinx moths increased to 13 in Batman, 14 in Diyarbak{\i}r and 8 in Mardin. Among them, 7 species for Batman, 4 species for Diyarbak{\i}r and 1 species for Mardin are new record. For each species, original reference, type locality, material examined, distribution in the world and in Turkey, and larval hostplants are given. Adults figures of Smerinthus kindermanni Lederer, 1852; Marumba quercus ([Denis \& Schifferm\üller], 1775); Rethera komarovi (Christoph, 1885); Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758); Hyles euphorbiae (Linnaeus, 1758) and H. livornica (Esper, [1780]) are illustrated.\"

}, keywords = {ACHERONTIA, AGRIUS, AKBESIA, CLARINA, DEILEPHILA, DOLBINA, HYLES, LAOTHOE, MACROGLOSSUM, MARUMBA, RETHERA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, TURKEY, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {2587-2680}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.574903}, author = {Seven, E.} } @article {22221, title = {Genetic color polymorphism of the Whitelined Sphinx moth larva (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, pages = {19 [1-9]}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {

\"For a trait to be considered polymorphic, it must fulfill both genetic and ecological criteria. Genetically, a polymorphic trait must have multiple heritable variants, potentially from the same female, in high-enough frequency as to not be due to mutation. Ecologically, in a single wild population, these variants must co-occur, and be capable of interbreeding. Polymorphism is frequently considered in the context of either geographical cause or genetic consequence. However, the incorporation of both in a single study can facilitate our understanding of the role that polymorphism may play in speciation. Here, we ask if the two color morphs (green and yellow) exhibited by larvae of the whitelined sphinx moth, Hyles lineata (Fabricius), co-occur in wild populations, in what frequencies, and whether they are genetically determined. Upon confirmation from field surveys that the two color morphs do co-occur in wild populations, we determined heritability. We conducted a series of outcrosses, intercrosses and backcrosses using individuals that had exhibited yellow or green as laboratory-reared larvae. Ratios of yellow:green color distribution from each familial cross were then compared with ratios one would expect from a single gene, yellow-recessive model using a two-sided binomial exact test. The offspring from several crosses indicate that the yellow and green coloration is a genetic polymorphism, primarily controlled by one gene in a single-locus, two-allele Mendelian-inheritance pattern. Results further suggest that while one gene primarily controls color, there may be several modifier genes interacting with it.\"

}, keywords = {GENETICS, HYLES, LARVAL POLYMORPHISM, MENDELIAN GENE, POLYMORPHISM, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa080}, author = {Francois, C.L. and Davidowitz, G.} } @article {22206, title = {Morphological evolution in Hyles H{\"u}bner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus}, journal = {Nota Lepidopterologica}, volume = {43}, year = {2020}, month = {07/2020}, pages = {181-210}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

\"Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that similar wing and body patterns in the hawkmoth genus Hyles H\übner, [1819] do not necessarily reflect a close phylogenetic relationship. To improve our understanding of morphological evolution in these organisms, 75 characters derived from the external adult morphology are explicitly coded and analysed in a maximum parsimony cladistic framework. The results corroborate the hypothesis that wing and body patterns have indeed reappeared in different parts of the phylogeny but the underlying genetic mechanism remains to be determined. By reconstructing the suite of ancestral states of the morphological characters using Bayesian inference, we derived an approximation of the appearance of the proto-Hyles species. The overall habitus of this moth does not display a combination of characters found in any extant Hyles species. Rather, the forewings are most like those of members of the Hyles euphorbiae-complex but with better developed antemedial and postmedial lines, the hindwings are typical Hyles, and the abdominal pattern most closely resembles that of Hyles euphorbiarum (Gu\érin-M\éneville \& Percheron, 1835), but with one fewer pairs of black subdorsal patches. Within the context of the subtribe Choerocampina and Sphingidae more generally, the proto-Hyles reconstruction does not resemble any other species apart from Rhodafra opheltes (Cramer, 1780), but this appears to be another instance of convergent pattern expression.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, ANCESTRAL STATE RECONSTRUCTION, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, EVOLUTION, HYLES, IMPLIED WEIGHTING, PARSIMONY, SPHINGIDAE, WING PATTERN}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512}, author = {Hundsdoerfer, A.K. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {22187, title = {Ancient incomplete lineage sorting of Hyles and Rhodafra (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Organisms Diversity and Evolution}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {08/2020}, pages = {527-536}, chapter = {527}, abstract = {

\"The hawkmoth genus Rhodafra comprises two African species with unclear relationships, as their wing patterns are markedly different, with one species closely resembling species of a related genus, Hyles. The present paper aims to investigate the monophyly and phylogenetic position of Rhodafra in relation to Hyles and other genera of the subtribe Choerocampina (Sphingidae: Macroglossinae: Macroglossini) using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from more species and individuals than have hitherto been studied. As no fresh tissue of Rhodafra was available, ancient-DNA methodology was applied. All data corroborate the genus asmonophyletic and that a similar wing pattern is not a good indicator of close phylogenetic relationship in this group of moths. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data agree in placing Rhodafra within Hyles. In contrast, analysis of nuclear EF1alpha sequences produces a topology in which Rhodafra is placed as the sister clade to Hyles. Although multispecies coalescent analyses suggest a polytomy between Rhodafra, Hyles lineata and the remaining Hyles, total evidence analyses corroborate Rhodafra as sister to Hyles. This relationship is interpreted as the favoured topology. For a more robust result, the question should be re-examined using genomic approaches.\"

}, keywords = {ADNA, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, HYLES, INTROGRESSION, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MTDNA, MULTISPECIES COALESCENT MODELS, RHODAFRA, SPHINGIDAE, TOTAL EVIDENCE, WING PATTERN}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00445-0}, author = {Hundsdoerfer, A.K. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {22186, title = {Advantages of an easy-to-use DNA extraction method for minimal-destructive analysis of collection specimens}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {17}, year = {2020}, month = {07/2020}, pages = {e0235222}, chapter = {e0235222}, abstract = {

\"Here we present and justify an approach for minimal-destructive DNA extraction from historic insect specimens for next generation sequencing applications. An increasing number of studies use insects from museum collections for biodiversity research. However, the availability of specimens for molecular analyses has been limited by the degraded nature of the DNA gained from century-old museum material and the consumptive nature of most DNA extraction procedures. The method described in this manuscript enabled us to successfully extract DNA from specimens as old as 241 years using a minimal-destructive approach. The direct comparison of the DNeasy extraction Kit and the Monarch\® PCR \& DNA Clean-up Kit showed a significant increase of 17.3-fold higher DNA yield extracted with the Monarch Oligo protocol on average. By using an extraction protocol originally designed for oligonucleotide clean-up, we were able to combine overcoming the restrictions by target fragment size and strand state, with minimising time consumption and labour-intensity. The type specimens used for the minimal-destructive DNA extraction exhibited no significant external change or post-extraction damage, while sufficient DNA was retrieved for analyses.\"

}, keywords = {ADNA, COI, COII, DNA, EXTRACTION PROTOCOLS, HYLES, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, METHODOLOGY, MTDNA, MUSEUM, NEXTGEN SEQUENCING, SAMPLING, SPHINGIDAE, TRNA(LEU), TYPES}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235222}, author = {Patzold, F. and Zilli, A. and Hundsdoerfer, A.K.} } @article {22089, title = {A highly contiguous genome assembly of the bat hawkmoth Hyles vespertilio (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {GigaScience}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, month = {01/2020}, pages = {giaa001 [10 pp.]}, chapter = {giaa001}, abstract = {

\"Background: Adapted to different ecological niches, moth species belonging to the Hyles genus exhibit a spectacular diversity of larval color patterns. These species diverged \∼7.5 million years ago, making this rather young genus an interesting system to study a wide range of questions including the process of speciation, ecological adaptation, and adaptive radiation. Results: Here we present a high-quality genome assembly of the bat hawkmoth Hyles vespertilio, the first reference genome of a member of the Hyles genus. We generated 51\× Pacific Biosciences long reads with an average read length of 8.9 kb. Pacific Biosciences reads longer than 4 kb were assembled into contigs, resulting in a 651.4-Mb assembly consisting of 530 contigs with an N50 value of 7.5 Mb. The circular mitochondrial contig has a length of 15,303 bp. The H. vespertilio genome is very repeat-rich and exhibits a higher repeat content (50.3\%) than other Bombycoidea species such as Bombyx mori (45.7\%) and Manduca sexta (27.5\%). We developed a comprehensive gene annotation workflow to obtain consensus gene models from different evidence including gene projections, protein homology, transcriptome data, and ab initio predictions. The resulting gene annotation is highly complete with 94.5\% of BUSCO genes being completely present, which is higher than the BUSCO completeness of the B. mori (92.2\%) and M. sexta (90\%) annotations. Conclusions: Our gene annotation strategy has general applicability to other genomes, and the H. vespertilio genome provides a valuable molecular resource to study a range of questions in this genus, including phylogeny, incomplete lineage sorting, speciation, and hybridization. A genome browser displaying the genome, alignments, and annotations is available at https://genome-public.pks.mpg.de/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=HLhylVes1.\"

}, keywords = {BOMBYX, GENE ANNOTATION, GENOME ASSEMBLY, HYLES, ITALY, MANDUCA, PACBIO LONG READS, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1093/gigascience/giaa001}, author = {Pippel, M. and Jebb, D. and Patzold, F. and Winkler, S. and Vogel, H. and Myers, G. and Hiller, M. and Hundsdoerfer, A.K.} }