@article {23027, title = {Patterns of speciation in a parapatric pair of Saturnia moths as revealed by target capture}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {33}, year = {2024}, month = {01/2024}, pages = {e17192}, chapter = {e17192}, abstract = {

\"The focus of this study has been to understand the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of a widely distributed parapatric species pair of wild silk moths in Europe: Saturnia pavonia and Saturnia pavoniella (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). To address species delimitation in these parapatric taxa, target enrichment and mtDNA sequencing was employed alongside phylogenetic, admixture, introgression, and species delimitation analyses. The dataset included individuals from both species close to and farther away from the contact zone as well as two hybrids generated in the lab. Nuclear markers strongly supported both S. pavonia and S. pavoniella as two distinct species, with hybrids forming a sister group to S. pavoniella. However, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree generated from mtDNA sequencing data presented a different picture, showing both taxa to be phylogenetically intermixed. This inconsistency is likely attributable to mitonuclear discordance, which can arise from biological factors (e.g., introgressive hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting). Our analyses indicate that past introgressions have taken place, but that there is no evidence to suggest an ongoing admixture between the two species, demonstrating that the taxa have reached full postzygotic reproductive isolation and hence represent two distinct biological species. Finally, we discuss our results from an evolutionary point of view taking into consideration the past climatic oscillations that have likely shaped the present dynamics between the two species. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the target enrichment approach in resolving shallow phylogenetic relationships under complex evolutionary circumstances and that this approach is useful in establishing robust and well-informed taxonomic delimitations involving parapatric taxa.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, COI, EVOLUTION, INTROGRESSION, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MITO-NUCLEAR DISCORDANCE, MTDNA, PARAPATRY, PHYLOGENOMICS, PHYLOGENY, POPULATION GENETICS, PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS, SATURNIA, SATURNIIDAE, SNP, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17194}, author = {Khan, M. and Joshi, M. and Espeland, M. and Huemer, P. and Lopez-Vaamonde, C. and Mutanen, M.} } @article {22807, title = {What happens to the traditional taxonomy when a well-known tropical saturniid moth fauna is DNA barcoded?}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {26}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {478-505}, chapter = {478}, abstract = {

\"Biodiversity of tropical Saturniidae, as measured through traditionally described and catalogued species, strongly risks pooling cryptic species under one name. We examined the DNA barcodes, morphology, habitus and ecology of 32 \‘well known\’ species of dry forest saturniid moths from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in north-western Costa Rica and found that they contain as many as 49 biological entities that are probably separate species. The most prominent splitting of traditional species \– Eacles imperialis, Automeris zugana, Automeris tridens, Othorene verana, Hylesia dalina, Dirphia avia, Syssphinx molina, Syssphinx colla, and Syssphinx quadrilineata \– is where one species was believed to breed in dry forest and rain forest, but is found to be two biological entities variously distinguishable by DNA barcodes and morphology, habitus, and/or microecological distribution. This implies that \‘standard\’ biological information about each traditional species may be an unconscious mix of interspecific information, and begs renewed DNA barcoding, closer attention to so-called intraspecific variation, and increased museum collection and curation of specimens from more individual and ecologically characterised sites \– as well as eventually more species descriptions. Simultaneously, this inclusion of sibling species as individual entities in biodiversity studies, rather than pooled under one traditional name, reduces the degree of ecological and evolutionary generalisation perceived by the observer.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AUTOMERIS, BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, CAIO, COI, COSTA RICA, DIRPHIA, DNA, EACLES, HYLESIA, MALE GENITALIA, OTHORENE, PERIPHOBA, PTILOSCOLA, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SYSSPHINX, TAXONOMY}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {10.1071/is12038}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12038}, author = {Janzen, D.H. and Hallwachs, W. and Harvey, D.J. and Darrow, K. and Rougerie, R. and Hajibabaei, M. and Smith, M.A. and Bertrand, C. and Gamboa, I.C. and Espinoza, B. and Sullivan, J.B. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Herbin, D. and Chavarria, L.F. and Franco, R. and Cambronero, H. and Rios, S. and Quesada, F. and Pereira, G. and Vargas, J. and Guadamuz, A. and Espinoza, R. and Hernandez, J. and Rios, L. and Cantillano, E. and Moraga, R. and Moraga, C. and Rios, P. and Rios, M. and Calero, R. and Martinez, D. and Brice{\~n}o, D. and Carmona, M. and Apu, E. and Aragon, K. and Uma{\~n}a, C. and Perez, J. and Cordoba, A. and Uma{\~n}a, P. and Sihezar, G. and Espinoza, O. and Cano, C. and Araya, E. and Garcia, D. and Ramirez, H. and Pereira, M. and Cortez, J. and Pereira, M. and Medina, W. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {22786, title = {Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects}, journal = {PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases}, volume = {17}, year = {2023}, month = {02/2023}, pages = {e0011063}, chapter = {e0011063}, abstract = {

\"Caterpillars of the Neotropical genus Lonomia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are responsible for some fatal envenomation of humans in South America inducing hemostatic disturbances in patients upon skin contact with the caterpillars\’ spines. Currently, only two species have been reported to cause hemorrhagic syndromes in humans: Lonomia achelous and Lonomia obliqua. However, species identifications have remained largely unchallenged despite improved knowledge of venom diversity and growing evidence that the taxonomy used over past decades misrepresents and underestimates species diversity. Here, we revisit the taxonomic diversity and distribution of Lonomia species using the most extensive dataset assembled to date, combining DNA barcodes, morphological comparisons, and geographical information. Considering new evidence for seven undescribed species as well as three newly proposed nomenclatural changes, our integrative approach leads to the recognition of 60 species, of which seven are known or strongly suspected to cause severe envenomation in humans. From a newly compiled synthesis of epidemiological data, we also examine the consequences of our results for understanding Lonomia envenomation risks and call for further investigations of other species\’ venom activities. This is required and necessary to improve alertness in areas at risk, and to define adequate treatment strategies for envenomed patients, including performing species identification and assessing the efficacy of anti-Lonomia serums against a broader diversity of species.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, COI, COLOMBIA, DIVERSITY, DNA, ENVENOMATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LONOMIA, RICHNESS, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0011063}, url = {https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011063}, author = {Gonz{\'a}lez, C. and Ballesteros-Mejia, L. and D{\'\i}az-D{\'\i}az, J. and Toro-Vargas, D.M. and Amarillo-Suarez, A.R. and Gey, G. and Le{\'o}n, C. and Tovar, E. and Arias, M. and Rivera, N. and Buitrago, L.S. and Pinto-Moraes, R.H. and Sano Martins, I.S. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Gonz{\'a}lez, M.A. and Kitching, I.J. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22555, title = {Exploring large-scale patterns of genetic variation in the COI gene among Insecta: implications for DNA barcoding and threshold-based species delimitation studies}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {13}, year = {2022}, month = {04/2022}, pages = {425}, chapter = {425}, abstract = {

\"The genetic variation in the COI gene has had a great effect on the final results of species delimitation studies. However, little research has comprehensively investigated the genetic divergence in COI among Insecta. The fast-growing COI data in BOLD provide an opportunity for the comprehensive appraisal of the genetic variation in COI among Insecta. We calculated the K2P distance of 64,414 insect species downloaded from BOLD. The match ratios of the clustering analysis, based on different thresholds, were also compared among 4288 genera (35,068 species). The results indicate that approximately one-quarter of the species of Insecta showed high intraspecific genetic variation (\>3\%), and a conservative estimate of this proportion ranges from 12.05\% to 22.58\%. The application of empirical thresholds (e.g., 2\% and 3\%) in the clustering analysis may result in the overestimation of the species diversity. If the minimum interspecific genetic distance of the congeneric species is greater than or equal to 2\%, it is possible to avoid overestimating the species diversity on the basis of the empirical thresholds. In comparison to the fixed thresholds, the \“threshOpt\” and \“localMinima\” algorithms are recommended for the provision of a reference threshold for threshold-based species delimitation studies.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, COI, DNA, INSECTA, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.3390/insects13050425}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13050425}, author = {Zhang, H. and Bu, W.} } @article {22368, title = {A new taxonomic status for Darwin{\textquoteright}s "predicted" pollinator: Xanthopan praedicta stat. nov. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae Sphinginae)}, journal = {Antenor}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, month = {09/2021}, pages = {69-86}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

\"The taxonomic status of the famous Malagasy hawkmoth known as \“Darwin\’s Moth\” or \“Wallace\’s Sphinx Moth\” is revised after a thorough integrative study combining comparative analyses of morphological characters (\"habitus\", genitalia, proboscis length, etc.) and molecular data (DNA barcoding essentially). While the existence of this long-tongued, large moth in Madagascar had been predicted by Charles DARWIN (in 1862), who considered such insect as the probable pollinator of the endemic, long-spurred orchid Angraecum sesquipedale Thouars, 1822, the discovery and description of this moth occurred about two decades after Darwin\’s death. it was named praedicta by Lord Walter ROTHSCHILD and Karl JORDAN, in 1903, in reference to Alfred Russel WALLACE\&$\#$39;\’s prediction (in 1867, about a hawkmoth pollinator) and has always been regarded, until now, as a subspecies of Xanthopan morganii (Walker, 1856), a species known to occur in the continental afrotropical region (remarkably, the hawkmoth species envisioned by WALLACE to be a possible close relative of the hypothetical pollinator of A. sesquipedale). We propose to raise the taxon praedicta to species rank on account of several clear-cut morphological differences and a high genetic divergence (ca. 7.8 \% for the DNA barcode) with the African and Comorian taxon X. morganii. Delimiting species with such criteria is indeed presently considered an appropriate method in the case of allopatric taxa (within the framework of the Biological Species Concept). Our work reveals that the proboscides of Xanthopan morganii and Xanthopan praedicta differ significantly in average length (with a difference of ca. 6.6 cm), suggesting a probable adaptation to different sets of visited flower species.\"

}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, AFRICA, ANGRAECUM, BARCODING, CATALOGUE, COI, COMORO ISLANDS, DNA, FEMALE GENITALIA, MADAGASCAR, MALE GENITALIA, ORCHIDACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, PROBOSCIS, SPECIES CONCEPTS, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, WING LENGTH, XANTHOPAN}, issn = {2275-9298}, author = {Minet, J. and Basquin, P. and Haxaire, J. and Lees, D.C. and Rougerie, R.} } @article {22328, title = {Pheromone differntiation and reproductive isolation between two Buck Moth (Hemileuca: Saturniidae) populations in Sussex County, New Jersey}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {75}, year = {2021}, pages = {74-78}, chapter = {74}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, HEMILEUCA, ISOLATION MECHANISMS, PHEROMONES, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES CONCEPTS, SPECIES DELIMITATION, USA}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-the-lepidopterists-society/volume-75/issue-1/lepi.75i1.a10/Pheromone-Differentiation-and-Reproductive-Isolation-Between-Two-Buck-Moth-Hemileuca/10.18473/lepi.75i1.a10.full}, author = {Tuttle, J.P. and Springer, J.P. and Carr, T.W.} } @article {22014, title = {Genome-wide SNP Data reveal an overestimation of species diversity in a group of hawkmoths}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {08/2019}, pages = {2136-2150}, chapter = {2136}, abstract = {

\"The interface between populations and evolving young species continues to generate much contemporary debate in systematics depending on the species concept(s) applied but which ultimately reduces to the fundamental question of \“when do nondiscrete entities become distinct, mutually exclusive evolutionary units\”? Species are perceived as critical biological entities, and the discovery and naming of new species is perceived by many authors as a major research aim for assessing current biodiversity before much of it becomes extinct. However, less attention is given to determining whether these names represent valid biological entities because this is perceived as both a laborious chore and an undesirable research outcome. The charismatic spurge hawkmoths (Hyles euphorbiae complex, HEC) offer an opportunity to study this less fashionable aspect of systematics. To elucidate this intriguing systematic challenge, we analyzed over 10,000 ddRAD single nucleotide polymorphisms from 62 individuals using coalescent-based and population genomic methodology. These genome-wide data reveal a clear overestimation of (sub)species-level diversity and demonstrate that the HEC taxonomy has been seriously oversplit. We conclude that only one valid species name should be retained for the entire HEC, namely Hyles euphorbiae, and we do not recognize any formal subspecies or other taxonomic subdivisions within it. Although the adoption of genetic tools has frequently revealed morphologically cryptic diversity, the converse, taxonomic oversplitting of species, is generally (and wrongly in our opinion) accepted as rare. Furthermore, taxonomic oversplitting is most likely to have taken place in intensively studied popular and charismatic organisms such as the HEC.\"

}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, ddRAD, GENE FLOW, HYLES, OVERSPLITTING, SPECIATION, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, TAXONOMY, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evz113}, author = {Hundsdoerfer, A.K. and Lee, K.M. and Kitching, I.J. and Mutanen, M.} } @article {21919, title = {Laothoe Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): так сколько в роде видов? [The genus Laothoe Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): how many species?]}, journal = {Eversmannia}, volume = {54}, year = {2018}, month = {06/2018}, pages = {3-12}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {

\"A taxonomic score of the genus Laothoe Fabricius, 1807, is revised; so far 5 species have traditionally been considered within. The following taxa are raised here to full specific status based on morphological characters and molecular investigation: L. iberica Eitschberger, Danner \& Surholt, 1989, L. populetorum (Staudinger, 1887), L. populeti (Bienert, [1870]), L. sinica (Rothschild \& Jordan, 1903) and L. witti Eitschberger, Danner \& Surholt, 1998. Two species are described as new for the science: Laothoe caucao, sp. n. (type locality: [Georgia] \«Kaukasus, Tiflis\», the holotype is kept in the coll. of ZISP) and L. selene sp. n. (type locality: \« China, NW Yunnan, Lijing/Zhongdian, near Tuguancun, N 27\°29.700\’, E 99\°53.700\’, 3200 m\», the holotype is kept in the coll. of the World Insect Gallery (Joni\škis, Lithuania).). Thus, the genus Laothoe consists now of 12 species.\"

}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CHINA, COI, DNA, GEORGIA, LAOTHOE, MALE GENITALIA, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Zolotuhin, V.V.} } @article {21876, title = {Phylogenomics supports incongruence between ecological specialization and taxonomy in a charismatic clade of buck moths}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {27}, year = {2018}, month = {11/2018}, pages = {4417-4429}, chapter = {4417}, abstract = {

\"Local adaptation can be a fundamental component of speciation, but its dynamics in relation to gene flow are not necessarily straightforward. Herbivorous taxa with localized host plant or habitat specialization across their geographic range are ideal models for investigating the patterns and constraints of local adaptation and its impact on diversification. The charismatic, day-flying moths of the Hemileuca maia species complex (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are such taxa, as they are geographically widespread, exhibit considerable ecological and morphological variability and host and habitat specificity, but apparently lack genetic differentiation across their range. Here, we use genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess relationships and population structure of this group across North America and investigate the scales where genomic divergence correlates with adaptive ecological characteristics. In contrast to previous genetic studies of the group, we find broad-and fine-scale genetic differentiation between lineages, which is at odds with various levels of taxonomic description and recognition of conservation units. Furthermore, ecological specialization only explains some fine-scale genetic differentiation, and across much of the group\’s range, local adaptation is apparently occurring in the face of strong gene flow. These results provide unprecedented insight into drivers of speciation in this group, the relationship between taxonomy and genomics-informed species boundaries and conservation management of internationally protected entities. Broadly, this system provides a model for understanding how local adaptation in an herbivore can arise and be maintained in the face of apparently strong gene flow, and the importance of geographic isolation in generating genomic divergence, despite a lack of ecological divergence.\"

}, keywords = {ADAPTATION, CANADA, CONSERVATION, ddRAD, DNA, FOODPLANT EVOLUTION, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, HEMILEUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PHYLOGENOMICS, POPULATION BIOLOGY, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIATION, SPECIES DELIMITATION, USA}, doi = {10.1111/mec.14883}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.14883}, author = {Dupuis, J.R. and Peigler, R.S. and Geib, S.M. and Rubinoff, D.} } @article {21787, title = {Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4399}, year = {2018}, month = {03/2018}, pages = {32-48}, chapter = {32}, abstract = {

\"Through integrating molecular, morphological and natural history evidence, nominal Hemaris diffinis (Boisduval) of eastern North America is shown to include a second, cryptic species, Hemaris aethra (Strecker) stat. rev. Despite highly divergent mtDNA sequences and differing larval phenotypes, genitalic morphology, habitat and larval host plants, adults of H. aethra and sympatric H. diffinis are externally so similar that H. aethra has remained unrecognized for over a century.
With a more northerly distribution than H. diffinis, H. aethra occurs from Manitoba to Nova Scotia and adjacent parts of the United States, the two species occurring in strict sympatry in eastern Ontario and likely other regions. Co-mimicry of Bombus Latreille bumblebee models has likely resulted in phenotypic convergence of H. diffinis and H. aethra, as the two do not appear to be sister taxa, the latter instead being more closely related to the western species H. thetis (Boisduval).
The larvae of H. aethra are illustrated for the first time, together with diagnostic images and comparisons of adults. Lectotypes
are designated for Hemaris tenuis Grote and Hemaris marginalis Grote.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, CANADA, CAPRIFOLIACEAE, CATALOGUE, COI, CRYPTIC SPECIES, DIERVILLA, DNA, FOODPLANT, HEMARIS, IMMATURE STAGES, LONICERA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MIMICRY, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, TYPES, USA, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {1175-5326}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4399.1.2}, author = {Schmidt, B.C.} } @article {21632, title = {The Saturniidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: a model taxon for studying the long-term effects of climate change?}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, pages = {9991-10004}, chapter = {9991}, abstract = {

\"We have little knowledge of the response of invertebrate assemblages to climate change in tropical ecosystems, and few studies have compiled long-term data on invertebrates from tropical rainforests. We provide an updated list of the 72 species of Saturniidae moths collected on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, during the period 1958-2016. This list will serve as baseline data for assessing long-term changes of saturniids on BCI in the future, as 81\% of the\  species can be identified by their unique DNA Barcode Index Number, including four cryptic species not yet formally described. A local species pool of 60 + species breeding on BCI appears plausible, but more cryptic species may be discovered in the future. We use monitoring data obtained by light trapping to analyze recent population trends on BCI for saturniid species that were relatively common during 2009-2016, a period representing \>30 saturniid generations. The abundances of 11 species, of 14 tested, could be fitted to significant time-series models. While the direction of change in abundance was uncertain for most species, two species showed a significant increase over time, and forecast models also suggested continuing increases for most species during\  2017-2018, as compared to the 2009 base year. Peaks in saturniid abundance were most conspicuous during El Ni\ño and La Ni\ña years. In addition to a\  species-specific approach, we propose a reproducible functional classification based on five functional traits to analyze the responses of species sharing similar functional attributes in a fluctuating climate. Our results suggest that the abundances of larger body-size species with good dispersal abilities may increase concomitantly with rising air temperature in the future, because short-lived adults may allocate less time to increasing body temperature for flight, leaving more time available for searching for mating partners or suitable oviposition sites.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CLIMATE CHANGE, COI, DNA, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MONITORING, PANAMA, PHYLOGENY, POPULATION BIOLOGY, RAINFOREST, SATURNIIDAE, SPECIES DELIMITATION, TRAITS}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.3515}, author = {Basset, Y. and Lamarre, G.P.A. and Ratz, T. and Segar, S.T. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Rougerie, R. and Miller, S.E. and Perez, F. and Bobadilla, R. and Lopez, Y. and Ramirez, J.A. and Aiello, A. and Barrios, H.} } @article {21565, title = {Identifying species of moths (Lepidoptera) from Baihua Mountain, Beijing, China, using DNA barcodes}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, pages = {2472-2487}, chapter = {2472}, abstract = {

\"DNA barcoding has become a promising means for the identification of organisms of all life-history stages. Currently, distance-based and tree-based methods are most widely used to define species boundaries and uncover cryptic species. However, there is no universal threshold of genetic distance values that can be used to distinguish taxonomic groups. Alternatively, DNA barcoding can deploy a \“character-based\” method, whereby species are identified through the discrete nucleotide substitutions. Our research focuses on the delimitation of moth species using DNA-barcoding methods. We analyzed 393 Lepidopteran specimens belonging to 80 morphologically recognized species with a standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequencing approach, and deployed tree-based, distance-based, and diagnostic character-based methods to identify the taxa. The tree-based method divided the 393 specimens into 79 taxa (species), and the distance-based method divided them into 84 taxa (species). Although the diagnostic character-based method found only 39 so-identifiable species in the 80 species, with a reduction in sample size the accuracy rate substantially improved. For example, in the Arctiidae subset, all 12 species had diagnostics characteristics. Compared with traditional morphological method, molecular taxonomy performed well. All three methods enable the rapid delimitation of species, although they have different characteristics and different strengths. The tree-based and distance-based methods can be used for accurate species identification and biodiversity studies in large data sets, while the character-based method performs well in small data sets and can also be used as the foundation of species-specific biochips.\"

}, keywords = {AMBULYX, AMPELOPHAGA, BARCODE GAP, BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, BRAHMAEA, BRAHMAEIDAE, CALLAMBULYX, CHINA, COI, DNA, KENTROCHRYSALIS, LAOTHOE, MARUMBA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PHYLLOSPHINGIA, RHAGASTIS, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.1110}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1110}, author = {Liu, X.F. and Yang, C.H. and Han, H.L. and Ward, R.D. and Zhang, A.} } @article {21468, title = {Larval pattern morphotypes in the Western Palaearctic Hyles euphorbiae complex (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Macroglossinae)}, journal = {Insect Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {42}, year = {2011}, pages = {41-86}, chapter = {41}, abstract = {

\"External morphological variation in larval pattern elements in the Hyles euphorbiae complex is documented and described from independent samples of numerous populations across Europe and North Africa. Variability in the distribution of black cuticle and other colours was found to be much higher within populations than previously believed and it proved difficult to characterize any species, subspecies and even local population unequivocally using this feature alone. A representative sample of larvae from the Canary Islands, Madeira, North Africa, Iberia, Italy, Germany, Eastern Europe, Malta, Greece and Yemen, is illustrated, supplemented by observations from photographs of larvae from the Middle East and Western Asia. Taxonomy-independent definitions of larval\  morphotypes demonstrate significant overlap between species. We discuss the results in the context of Western Palaearctic biogeography, postulating several areas of hybridisation between the more northern Hyles euphorbiae and more southern H. tithymali that have led to the mosaic distribution patterns observed, and consider the potential of these moths for tracking the future effects of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.\"

}, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE CHANGE, HYBRID ZONE, HYBRIDS, HYLES, IMMATURE STAGES, LARVAL POLYMORPHISM, MEDITERRANEAN, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPHINGIDAE}, doi = {10.1163/187631211X555302}, author = {Hundsdoerfer, A.K. and Mende, M.B. and Harbich, H. and Pittaway, A.R. and Kitching, I.J.} } @article {21428, title = {The marker choice: unexpected resolving power of an unexplored CO1 region for layered DNA barcoding approaches}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, pages = {e0174842}, chapter = {e0174842}, abstract = {

\"The potential of DNA barcoding approaches to identify single species and characterize species compositions strongly depends on the marker choice. The prominent \"Folmer region\", a 648 basepair fragment at the 5\&$\#$39; end of the mitochondrial CO1 gene, has been traditionally applied as a universal DNA barcoding region for metazoans. In order to find a suitable marker for biomonitoring odonates (dragonflies and damselflies), we here explore a new region of the CO1 gene (CO1B) for DNA barcoding in 51 populations of 23 dragonfly and damselfly species. We compare the \"Folmer region\", the mitochondrial ND1 gene (NADH dehydrogenase 1) and the new CO1 region with regard to (i) speed and reproducibility of sequence generation, (ii) levels of homoplasy and (iii) numbers of diagnostic characters for discriminating closely related sister taxa and populations. The performances of the gene regions regarding these criteria were quite different. Both, the amplification of CO1B and ND1 was highly reproducible and CO1B showed the highest potential for discriminating sister taxa at different taxonomic levels. In contrast, the amplification of the \"Folmer region\" using the universal primers was difficult and the third codon positions of this fragment have experienced nucleotide substitution saturation. Most important, exploring this new barcode region of the CO1 gene identified a higher discriminating power between closely related sister taxa. Together with the design of layered barcode approaches adapted to the specific taxonomic \ªenvironment\º, this new marker will further enhance the discrimination power at the species level.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, CAOS ANALYSIS, COI, DNA, NADH DEHYDROGENASE, ODONATA, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174842}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174842}, author = {Rach, J. and Bergmann, T. and Paknia, O. and DeSalle, R. and Schierwater, B. and Hadrys, H.} } @article {21279, title = {DNA barcoding reveals twelve lineages with properties of phylogenetic and biological species within Melitaea didyma sensu lato (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {538}, year = {2015}, pages = {35-46}, chapter = {35}, abstract = {

\"The complex of butterfly taxa close to Melitaea didyma includes the traditionally recognized species M. didyma, M. didymoides and M. sutschana, the taxa that\  were recognized as species only relatively recently (M. latonigena, M. interrupta, M. chitralensis and M. mixta) as well as numerous described subspecies and forms with unclear taxonomic status. Here analysis of mitochondrial DNA barcodes is used to demonstrate that this complex is monophyletic group consisting of at least 12 major haplogroups strongly differentiated with respect to the gene COI. Six of these haplogroups are shown to correspond to six of the above- mentioned species (M. didymoides, M. sutschana, M. latonigena, M. interrupta, M. chitralensis and M. mixta). It is hypothesized that each of the remaining six\  haplogroups also represents a distinct species (M. mauretanica, M. occidentalis, M. didyma, M. neera, M. liliputana and M. turkestanica), since merging these haplogroups would result in a polyphyletic assemblage and the genetic distances between them are comparable with those found between the other six\  previously recognized species.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODING, BAYESIAN INFERENCE, COI, DNA, MELITAEA, NYMPHALIDAE, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, SPECIES CONCEPTS, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.538.6605}, author = {Pazenkova, E.A. and Zakharov, I.A. and Lukhtanov, V.A.} } @article {21255, title = {Species-level para- and polyphyly in DNA barcode gene trees: strong operational bias in European Lepidoptera}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, year = {2016}, type = {Early view}, abstract = {

\"The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree. In two previous reviews, non-monophyly has been reported as being common in mitochondrial DNA gene trees. We developed a novel web service \“Monophylizer\” to detect non-monophyly in phylogenetic trees and used it to ascertain the incidence of species non-monophyly in COI (a.k.a. cox1) barcode sequence data from 4977 species and 41,583 specimens of European Lepidoptera, the largest data set of DNA barcodes analyzed from this regard. Particular attention was paid to accurate species identification to ensure data integrity. We investigated the effects of tree-building method, sampling effort, and other methodological issues, all of which can influence estimates of non-monophyly. We found a 12\% incidence of non-monophyly, a value significantly lower than that observed in previous studies. Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded almost equal numbers of non-monophyletic species, but 24.1\% of these cases of non-monophyly were only found by one of these methods. Non-monophyletic species tend to show either low genetic distances to their nearest neighbors or exceptionally high levels of intraspecific variability. Cases of polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, as the detected cases reflected misidentifications or methodological errors. Taking into consideration variation in sampling effort, we estimate that the true incidence of non-monophyly is \∼23\%, but with operational factors still being included. Within the operational factors, we separately assessed the frequency of taxonomic limitations (presence of overlooked cryptic and oversplit species) and identification uncertainties. We observed that operational factors are potentially present in more than half (58.6\%) of the detected cases of non-monophyly. Furthermore, we observed that in about 20\% of non-monophyletic species and entangled species, the lineages involved are either allopatric or parapatric\—conditions where species delimitation is inherently subjective and particularly dependent on the species concept that has been adopted. These observations suggest that species-level non-monophyly in COI gene trees is less common than previously supposed, with many cases reflecting misidentifications, the subjectivity of species delimitation or other operational factors.\"

}, keywords = {BARCODE GAP, BARCODING, COI, DNA, EUROPE, GENE TREE, LEPIDOPTERA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, MONOPHYLIZER, NEIGHBOR-JOINING, PARAPHYLY, POLYPHYLY, SPECIES DELIMITATION, SPECIES MONOPHYLY}, doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syw044}, author = {Mutanen, M. and Kivel{\"a}, S.M. and Vos, R.A. and Doorenweerd, C. and Ratnasingham, S. and Hausmann, A. and Huemer, P. and Dinca, V. and van Nieukerken, E.J. and Lopez-Vaamonde, C. and Vila, R. and Aarvik, L. and Deca{\"e}ns, T. and Efetov, K.A. and Hebert, P.D.N. and Johnsen, A. and Karsholt, O. and Pentinsaari, M. and Rougerie, R. and Segerer, A. and Tarmann, G. and Zahiri, R. and Godfray, H.C.J.} } @article {21251, title = {Advancing taxonomy and bioinventories with DNA barcodes}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B}, volume = {371}, year = {2016}, pages = {20150339}, chapter = {20150339}, keywords = {BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, COI, COSTA RICA, DNA, GEOMETRIDAE, INVENTORIES, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0339}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0339}, author = {Miller, S.E. and Hausmann, A. and Hallwachs, W. and Janzen, D.H.} } @article {21062, title = {A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {07/2013}, pages = {e66213}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, COI, DNA, GMYC, RESL, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066213}, author = {Ratnasingham, S. and Hebert, P.D.N.} } @article {21056, title = {Fast census of moth diversity in the Neotropics: a comparison of field-assigned morphospecies and DNA barcoding in tiger moths}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, year = {2016}, month = {02/2016}, pages = {e0148423}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {ARCTIINAE, ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST, BARCODE GAP, BARCODE INDEX NUMBER, BARCODING, BRAZIL, COI, DIVERSITY, DNA, EREBIDAE, INVENTORIES, MORPHOSPECIES, SPECIES DELIMITATION}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0148423}, author = {Zenker, M.M. and Rougerie, R. and Teston, J.A. and Laguerre, M. and Pie, M.R. and Frietas, A.V.L.} }