@article {22982, title = {Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {226}, year = {2023}, month = {10/2023}, pages = {jeb245699}, chapter = {jeb245699}, abstract = {

Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ~10\% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressures which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensure that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.

}, keywords = {ADULT FEEDING, AGRIUS, CAPILLARY PRESSURE, CONTACT ANGLE, DARAPSA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FEEDING EFFICIENCY, FLUID DYNAMICS, FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION, HEMARIS, HYLES, MANDUCA, MENISCUS, PARATREA, PROBOSCIS, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.245699}, author = {Palaoro, A.V. and Gole, A.R. and Sun. Y. and Puchalski, A. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {22871, title = {Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B}, volume = {290}, year = {2023}, pages = {20222185}, chapter = {20222185}, abstract = {

\"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation.\"

}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CERATOMIA, DOLBA, ENYO, EUMORPHA, HAEMOLYMPH, HEMARIS, HOVERING, HYLES, MANDUCA, PHYSIOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, VISCOSITY, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218}, author = {Brasovs, A. and Palaoro, A.V. and Aprelev, P. and Beard, C.E. and Adler, P.H. and Kornev, K.G.} } @article {17196, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des Sphingidae des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises (suite et fin)}, journal = {Bulletin Mensuel de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Linn{\'e}enne de Lyon}, volume = {43}, year = {1974}, month = {05/1974}, pages = {156-167}, chapter = {156}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FRENCH ANTILLES, HYLES, MADORYX, MALE GENITALIA, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Chalumeau, F. and Delplanque, A.} } @inbook {21980, title = {Noteworthy moth records for Ontario 2018}, booktitle = {Ontario Lepidoptera 2018. Toronto Entomologists{\textquoteright} Association Occasional Publication $\#$ 50-2019}, year = {2019}, pages = {29-34}, publisher = {Toronto Entomologists{\textquoteright} Association}, organization = {Toronto Entomologists{\textquoteright} Association}, address = {Toronto}, keywords = {AUTOMERIS, CALLOSAMIA, CANADA, ENYO, HYALOPHORA, HYLES, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1}, isbn = {978-0-921631-55-3}, author = {Macnaughton, A.} } @article {21386, title = {Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia)}, journal = {Ecolog{\'\i}a en Bolivia}, volume = {48}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {46-51}, chapter = {46}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AGRIUS, BOLIVIA, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, issn = {1605-2528}, author = {Karger, D.N. and Abrahamczyk, S. and Kessler, M.} } @article {21082, title = {Sexual dimorphism and allometric effects associated with the wing shape of seven moth species of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea)}, journal = {Journal of Insect Science}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, pages = {107}, chapter = {107}, keywords = {ALLOMETRY, BRAZIL, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS, ISOGNATHUS, PSEUDOSPHINX, SEXUAL DIMORPHISM, SPHINGIDAE, WING SHAPE, XYLOPHANES}, doi = {10.1093/jisesa/iev083}, author = {de Camargo, W.R.F. and de Camargo, N.F. and Corr{\^e}a, D._do_C.V. and de Camargo, A.J.A. and Diniz, I.R.} } @article {21229, title = {Les L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res Sphingidae de R{\'e}publique Dominicaine. Liste actualis{\'e}e et description de deux nouvelles esp{\`e}ces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae)}, journal = {The European Entomologist}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {06/2016}, pages = {61-78}, chapter = {61}, abstract = {

\"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos H\übner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April\  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new.\"

}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, BAHAMAS, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, COCYTIUS, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HYLES, ISOGNATHUS, LINTNERIA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, NANNOPARCE, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Haxaire, J.} } @article {19820, title = {Corrections of and additions to our Revision of the Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {23}, year = {1916}, month = {1916}, pages = {115-123}, chapter = {115}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, DAPHNIS, ENPINANGA, ENYO, MACROGLOSSUM, MALE GENITALIA, NYCERYX, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/105188$\#$page/131/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19815, title = {List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {17}, year = {1910}, month = {1910}, pages = {447-455}, chapter = {447}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, ALEURON, BRAZIL, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, NYCERYX, ORYBA, PACHYGONIDIA, PACHYLIA, PACHYLIOIDES, PERIGONIA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, UNZELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248$\#$page/471/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W. and Jordan, K.} } @article {19795, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Novitates Zoologicae}, volume = {11}, year = {1904}, month = {1904}, pages = {435-440}, chapter = {435}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ENYO, MACROGLOSSUM, NEPHELE, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS, TEMNORA, THERETRA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24181$\#$page/449/mode/1up}, author = {Rothschild, L.W.} } @article {19775, title = {The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Gal{\'a}pagos Islands: their identification, distribution, and host plants, with new records}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft}, volume = {74}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {217-226}, chapter = {217}, keywords = {AGRIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, KEY, MANDUCA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=seg-001\%3A2001\%3A74\%3A\%3A305}, author = {Roque-Albelo, L. and Landry, B.} } @article {19708, title = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Insektenfauna von Jamaika, Westindien (Karibiki). 8. Berichtigungen und Nachtr{\"a}ge zur Fauna von Spring Garden, Reading, S. James (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, Lycaenidae, Sematuridae, Hyblaeidae, Notodontidae)}, journal = {Lepidopterologische Mitteilungen aus Luzern}, volume = {6}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {1-24}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CALLIONIMA, CAUTETHIA, ENYO, ERINNYIS, FEMALE GENITALIA, HYBLAEIDAE, IMMATURE STAGES, JAMAICA, LYCAENIDAE, MALE GENITALIA, NOTODONTIDAE, PHENOLOGY, PROTAMBULYX, SEMATURIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Rezbanyai-Reser, L.} } @article {19558, title = {Euchloron megaera (Linnaeus, 1758) and Enyo lugubris (Linnaeus, 1771), two new exotic moth species found in the port of Tarragona (Catalonia) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Butlleti de la Societat Catalana de Lepidopter{\`o}logia}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {133-134}, chapter = {133}, keywords = {ENYO, EUCHLORON, SPAIN, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1}, issn = {1132-7669}, author = {P{\'e}rez De-Gregorio, J. J. and Roma{\~n}{\`a}, I. and Rond{\'o}s, M. and Nel{\'u}lo, M.} } @article {19505, title = {Esf{\'\i}ngidos de cayo Coco, Archip{\'e}lago de Sabana-Camag{\"u}ey, y primar registro de Aellopos clavipes (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) para Cuba}, journal = {Cocuyo}, volume = {5}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {12-13}, chapter = {12}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, CALLIONIMA, CAUTETHIA, CUBA, ENYO, ERINNYIS, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, PACHYLIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Otero_Rodr{\'\i}guez, M. and L{\'o}pez, M.} } @article {19441, title = {Descriptions de nouveaux Sphingides [L{\'e}p.]}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomologique de France}, volume = {1904}, year = {1904}, month = {1904}, pages = {76-79}, chapter = {76}, keywords = {BOLIVIA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, DAHIRA, ENYO, INDIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Oberth{\"u}r, C.} } @article {19009, title = {Documentos para servir al estudio de los Sphingidae de Venezuela (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) (10a nota)}, journal = {Revista de la Facultad de Agricultura, Universidad Central de Venezuela}, volume = {2}, year = {1962}, month = {1962}, pages = {53-178}, chapter = {53}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ENYO, HEMEROPLANES, ISOGNATHUS, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, PACHYGONIDIA, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, VENEZUELA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Lichy, R.} } @article {18807, title = {New U.S. records, state records, and other interesting moths from Texas}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {55}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {6-9, 17}, chapter = {6}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, ENYO, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2010s/2013/2013_v55_n1.pdf}, author = {Knudson, E.C. and Bordelon, C.} } @article {18728, title = {Die Schw{\"a}rmer einiger Galapagos-Inseln (Lep. Sphingidae)}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica. M{\"u}nchen}, volume = {63}, year = {1962}, month = {1962}, pages = {1-19}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ECUADOR, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GALAPAGOS, HYLES, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Opuscula-Zoologica_63_0001-0019.pdf}, author = {Kernbach, K.} } @article {18721, title = {Die Gattung Epistor Boisd. und die Protoparce-Arten lefeburei Gu{\'e}rin und incisa Walker (Lep. Sphingidae)}, journal = {Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, N.F.}, volume = {4}, year = {1957}, note = {N.F.}, month = {1957}, pages = {74-85}, chapter = {74}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, ENYO, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE}, author = {Kernbach, K.} } @book {18536, title = {A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {36}, publisher = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, organization = {W.I.N.B.A.N. \& the St. Lucia Naturalists{\textquoteright} Society}, address = {St Lucia}, keywords = {ABUNDANCE, ADHEMARIUS, AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, KEY, LESSER ANTILLES, MADORYX, MANDUCA, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PHRYXUS, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SAINT LUCIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Hunt, D. and Mitchell, G.} } @article {18475, title = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Naturgeschichte brasilianischer Schmetterlinge}, journal = {Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin}, volume = {1932}, year = {1933}, month = {1933}, pages = {97-148}, chapter = {97}, keywords = {ARSENURA, AUTOMERIS, BRAZIL, CITHERONIA, COPIOPTERYX, DIRPHIOPSIS, ENYO, FOODPLANT, HYLESIA, LASIOCAMPIDAE, LONOMIA, ROTHSCHILDIA, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SYSSPHINX, TITAEA, WORLDMAP2}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1932_0097-0148.pdf}, author = {Hoffmann, F.} } @article {17812, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schw{\"a}rmerfauna von Franz{\"o}sisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Atalanta}, volume = {43}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {483-498}, chapter = {483}, keywords = {ADHEMARIUS, CALLIONIMA, COCYTIUS, ENYO, EUMORPHA, FRENCH GUIANA, MALE GENITALIA, MANDUCA, PACHYLIA, PROTAMBULYX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, url = {https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf}, author = {Eitschberger, U. and Schmidl, J.} } @article {17671, title = {Notes on the winter Lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {4}, year = {1901}, month = {1901}, pages = {446-485}, chapter = {446}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, ENYO, ERINNYIS, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Dyar, H.G.} } @article {17611, title = {Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sphingidenfauna von Paraguay (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Entomologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {104}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {265-276}, chapter = {265}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, ENYO, MANDUCA, NEOGENE, NYCERYX, PARAGUAY, PERIGONIA, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Drechsel, U.} } @article {17383, title = {Catalogue raisonn{\'e} des insectes des Antilles Fran{\c c}aises, 1. L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res: Sphingidae}, journal = {Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylog{\'e}n{\'e}tique)}, volume = {17}, year = {1966}, month = {1966}, pages = {251-262}, chapter = {251}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, GUADELOUPE, MADORYX, MANDUCA, MARTINIQUE, NEOCOCYTIUS, PACHYLIA, PERIGONIA, PROTAMBULYX, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Aguilar, J.} } @article {17256, title = {Descriptions of four new Sphingidae and notes concerning two others}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {13}, year = {1932}, month = {1932}, pages = {39-42}, chapter = {39}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, ENYO, HIPPOTION, MANDUCA, SATASPES, SPHINGIDAE, WORLDMAP}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17260, title = {Descriptions of twenty new Sphingidae and notes on three others}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {15}, year = {1935}, month = {1935}, pages = {19-39}, chapter = {19}, keywords = {ALEURON, CALLAMBULYX, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, CECHENENA, ENYO, JAMAICA, MACROGLOSSUM, MARUMBA, NEOGENE, PERIGONIA, POLYPTYCHUS, RHAGASTIS, SPHINGIDAE, TEMNORA, THERETRA, WORLDMAP, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17257, title = {A review of some Sphingidae described by Dr. S. Matsumura}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {13}, year = {1932}, month = {1932}, pages = {43-46}, chapter = {43}, keywords = {BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO, BRAZIL, CATALOGUE, DOLBOGENE, ENYO, HIPPOTION, MALAYSIA, MANDUCA, MARUMBA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, PARAGUAY, SATASPES, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, WORLDMAP1(PART)}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17265, title = {Sphingidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) reportado como plagas en cultivos venezolanos: clave para las especies}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n de Entomologia Venezolana (N.S.)}, volume = {7}, year = {1992}, note = {N.S.}, month = {12/1992}, pages = {119-125}, chapter = {119}, keywords = {AGRIUS, COCYTIUS, ENYO, ERINNYIS, EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, KEY, MANDUCA, PACHYGONIDIA, PEST, SPHINGIDAE, VENEZUELA}, author = {Clavijo-A., J. and Chac{\'\i}n-Rivas, M.E.} } @article {17015, title = {Phylotranscriptomics: saturated third codon positions radically influence the estimation of trees based on next-gen data}, journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2013}, month = {10/2013}, pages = {2082-2092}, chapter = {2082}, abstract = {

\"Recent advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have led to a surge in the number of phylogenetic studies that incorporate large amounts of genetic data. We test the assumption that analyzing large number of genes will lead to improvements in tree resolution and branch support using moths in the superfamily Bombycoidea, a group with some interfamilial relationships that have been difficult to resolve. Specifically, we use a next-gen data set that included 19 taxa and 938 genes (\∼1.2M bp) to examine how codon position and saturation might influence resolution and node support among three key families. Maximum likelihood, parsimony, and species tree analysis using gene tree parsimony, on different nucleotide and amino acid data sets, resulted in largely congruent topologies with high bootstrap support compared with prior studies that included fewer loci. However, for a few shallow nodes, nucleotide and amino acid data provided high support for conflicting relationships. The third codon position was saturated and phylogenetic analysis of this position alone supported a completely different, potentially misleading sister group relationship. We used the program RADICAL to assess the number of genes needed to fix some of these difficult nodes. One such node originally needed a total of 850 genes but only required 250 when synonymous signal was removed. Our study shows that, in order to effectively use next-gen data to correctly resolve difficult phylogenetic relationships, it is necessary to assess the effects of synonymous substitutions and third codon positions.\"

}, keywords = {ACTIAS, ANTHERAEA, BOMBYCIDAE, BOMBYX, CERATOMIA, DARAPSA, DNA, ENYO, HEMARIS, INCOMPLETE, MANDUCA, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PARSIMONY, PHYLOGENY, RADICAL, RAXML, SAMIA, SATURATION, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, SYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTIONS, TRANSCRIPTOMICS}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evt157}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evt157}, author = {Breinholt, J.W. and Kawahara, A.Y.} }