@article {22954, title = {Observations of pupal biology and adult eclosion in the federally threatened Kern Primrose Sphinx Moth, Euproserpinus euterpe (Sphingidae, Macroglossini)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {77}, year = {2023}, pages = {90-99}, chapter = {90}, abstract = {

\"Larvae of the federally threatened Euproserpinus euterpe from Walker Basin, Kern Co., CA. and Carrizo Plains, San Luis Obispo Co., CA populations were reared to the pupal and adult stage for the first time. The E. euterpe pupa is described. Mature larvae excavated a subterranean pupal chamber in an unusual (not burrowing solely headfirst) manner, but typical of other species in the sphingid tribe, Macroglossini. Soil depth of pupation ranged from 5 to 11 cm, mean = of 7.14\±1.83 cm s.d. cm (n=14) for the Walker Basin population. Pupae were maintained in artificial pupal cells, facilitating observations of development. Multiple-year diapause to three years, predicted based on field observations, was demonstrated in the laboratory. Soil humidity during the fall and winter season appears critical to break pupal diapause. Pupae did not travel through the soil. Adults burrowed to the soil surface after eclosion from the pupa. The wing expansion behavior of adults at the soil surface, along with their vertical, upward wing expansion, are described.\"

}, keywords = {ECLOSION, EUPROSERPINUS, FOODPLANT, LIFE HISTORY, OVIPOSITION, PUPA, PUPATION CHAMBER, REARING, RED LIST, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Osborne, K.H.} } @article {17485, title = {Zone 1 Far North Alaska, Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {57}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {3-8}, chapter = {3}, keywords = {HEMARIS, PROSERPINUS, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2010s/2015/2015_v57_s1.pdf}, author = {Kruse, J.J.} } @article {22185, title = {Ghosts of glaciers and the disjunct distribution of a threatened California moth (Euproserpinus euterpe)}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

\"The Kern Primrose Sphinx moth (Euproserpinus euterpe) is a threatened moth twice thought to have gone extinct. It was historically known only from a small basin in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, but a new putative population was recently discovered 115 km to the west. Analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA suggest discontinuous genetic breaks between the Kern Primrose Sphinx, its closest relative the Phaeton Sphinx (Euproserpinus phaeton), and at least one additional species discovered during the course of this study. Geographic distance is well correlated with genetic distance within species, but not between species. Genetic discontinuities show the influence of past glacial events and suggest recent range expansions, though not always congruent with other phylogeographic studies from the region. Our phylogeographic results demonstrate that past glacial events, the altitudinal suppression of suitable habitat, and isolation may have been more important than population-level ecological factors such as differences in habitat (e.g. sand dunes, oak forest, montane grasslands) in promoting speciation. Effective conservation of the genetic diversity of the widespread Phaeton Sphinx and its two geographically restricted relatives requires genetic data at the population level because relatively few localized populations harbor most of the genetic variation.\"

}, keywords = {BIOGEOGRAPHY, COI, CONSERVATION, DNA, EF-1ALPHA, EUPROSERPINUS, GLACIATION, MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, POPULATION GENETICS, SPHINGIDAE, STATISTICAL PARSIMONY, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.023}, author = {Rubinoff, D. and San Jose, M. and Johnson, P. and Wells, R. and Osborne, K. and Le Roux, J.J.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19640504.02}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {22077, title = {Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera}, journal = {Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany}, volume = {5}, year = {1963}, month = {04/1963}, pages = {357-419}, chapter = {357}, keywords = {CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, EUMORPHA, FLIGHT PERIOD, HYLES, MANDUCA, NECTAR COMPOSITION, OENOTHERA, ONAGRACEAE, POLLINATION, POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, doi = {10.5642/aliso.19630503.12}, author = {Gregory, D.P.} } @article {21981, title = {Second addendum to the Sphingidae of Louisiana}, journal = {Southern Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} News}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, pages = {140-144}, chapter = {140}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, EUMORPHA, LAPARA, PSEUDOSPHINX, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Brou_Jr, V.A. and Brou, C.D.} } @article {21631, title = {Are pollinating hawkmoths declining in the northeastern United States? An analysis of collection records}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {12}, year = {2017}, month = {10/2017}, pages = {e0185683}, chapter = {e0185683}, abstract = {

\"Increasing attention to pollinators and their role in providing ecosystem services has revealed a paucity of studies on long-term population trends of most insect pollinators in many parts of the world. Because targeted monitoring programs are resource intensive and unlikely to be performed on most insect pollinators, we took advantage of existing collection records to examine long-term trends in northeastern United States populations of 26 species of hawk moths (family Sphingidae) that are presumed to be pollinators. We compiled over 6,600 records from nine museum and 14 private collections that spanned a 112-year period, and used logistic generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to examine long-term population trends. We controlled for uneven sampling effort by adding a covariate for list length, the number of species recorded during each sampling event. We found that of the 22 species for which there was sufficient data to assess population trends, eight species declined and four species increased in detection probability (the probability of a species being recorded during each year while accounting for effort, climate, and spatial effects in the GLMMs). Of the four species with too few records to statistically assess, two have disappeared from parts of their ranges. None of the four species with diurnal adults showed a trend in detection probability. Two species that are pests of solanaceous crops declined, consistent with a seven-fold drop in the area planted in tobacco and tomato crops. We found some evidence linking susceptibility to parasitoidism by the introduced fly Compsilura concinnata (Tachinidae) to declines. Moths with larvae that feed on vines and trees, where available evidence indicates that the fly is most likely to attack, had a greater propensity to decline than species that use herbs and shrubs as larval host plants. Species that develop in the spring, before Compsilura populations have increased, did not decline. However, restricting the analysis to hawk moth records from areas outside of a \"refuge\" area where Compsilura does not occur did not significantly increase the intensity of the declines as would be predicted if Compsilura was the primary cause of declines. Forests have recovered over the study period across most of the northeastern U.S., but this does not appear to have been a major factor because host plants of several of the declining species have increased in abundance with forest expansion and maturation. Climate variables used in the GLMMs were not consistently related to moth detection probability. Hawk moth declines may have ecological effects on both the plants pollinated by these species and vertebrate predators of the moths.\"

}, keywords = {AMPHION, COMPSILURA, DARAPSA, DEIDAMIA, DOLBA, EUMORPHA, HEMARIS, HYLES, LEPIDOPTERA, LINTNERIA, MANDUCA, POLLINATION, POPULATION DECLINE, PROSERPINUS, SPHECODINA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TACHINIDAE, USA}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0185683}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0185683}, author = {Young, B.E. and Auer, S. and Ormes, M. and Rapacciuolo, G. and Schweitzer, D. and Sears, N.} } @article {21029, title = {Contribution to the knowledge of the early stages of Proserpinus vega (Dyar, 1903) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)}, volume = {36}, year = {2015}, pages = {184-187}, chapter = {184}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, PROSERPINUS, PUPA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Haxaire, J. and van Buskirk, M.D.} } @article {20782, title = {Sphingidae records: old and new}, journal = {News of the Michigan Entomological Society}, volume = {59}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-3}, chapter = {1}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, EUMORPHA, HYLES, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Elsner, E.} } @article {20333, title = {The life history and behavior of Euproserpinus euterpe (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {35}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {27-33}, chapter = {27}, keywords = {BEHAVIOUR, EUPROSERPINUS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Tuskes, P.M. and Emmel, J.F.} } @article {20121, title = {Two apparently new western moths}, journal = {Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {38}, year = {1939}, month = {1939}, pages = {124-127}, chapter = {124}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, EUPROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Sperry, J.L.} } @article {20112, title = {Description of some of the larval stages of Amphion nessus}, journal = {Psyche}, volume = {7}, year = {1895}, month = {1895}, pages = {212-213}, chapter = {212}, keywords = {AMPHION, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Soule, C.G.} } @article {20113, title = {Notes on moths}, journal = {Psyche}, volume = {7}, year = {1895}, month = {1895}, pages = {275}, chapter = {275}, keywords = {AMPHION, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Soule, C.G.} } @article {20094, title = {New moth records for Utah (Saturniidae, Sphingidae)}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {32}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {2}, chapter = {2}, keywords = {AUTOMERIS, EUPROSERPINUS, HYLES, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/1990s/1990/1990_v32_n1.pdf}, author = {Smith, M.J.} } @article {20063, title = {Eumorpha fasciata, the Banded Sphinx}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {45}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {131, 132}, chapter = {131}, keywords = {EUMORPHA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2000s/2003/2003_v45_n4.pdf}, author = {Simon, L.} } @article {19878, title = {Larvae of Sphingidae}, journal = {Papilio}, volume = {2}, year = {1882}, month = {1882}, pages = {147}, chapter = {147}, keywords = {EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, SPHECODINA, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Sanders, J.E.} } @article {19851, title = {Observations of adult and larval behavior in the winter sphingid, Arctonotus lucidus (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {55}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {78-79}, chapter = {78}, keywords = {ARCTONOTUS, BEHAVIOUR, FLIGHT PERIOD, FOODPLANT, PHENOLOGY, PHEROMONES, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/2000s/2001/2001-55(2)78-Rubinoff.pdf}, author = {Rubinoff, D.} } @article {19499, title = {Biology of Proserpinus clarkiae (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {49}, year = {1995}, note = {Attached to reference $\#$64.; ; ;}, month = {1995}, pages = {72-79}, chapter = {72}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, LIFE HISTORY, PROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/1990s/1995/1995-49(1)72-Osborne.pdf}, author = {Osborne, K.H.} } @article {19452, title = {Pogocolon gaurae breeding in Missouri (Lepid.: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Entomological News}, volume = {46}, year = {1935}, month = {1935}, pages = {160}, chapter = {160}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, PROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Byrne, H.I.} } @article {18807, title = {New U.S. records, state records, and other interesting moths from Texas}, journal = {News of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {55}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {6-9, 17}, chapter = {6}, keywords = {AELLOPOS, ENYO, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/nls/2010s/2013/2013_v55_n1.pdf}, author = {Knudson, E.C. and Bordelon, C.} } @article {18667, title = {Ecology and distribution of a newly discovered population of the federally threatened Euproserpinus euterpe (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {60}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {41-50}, chapter = {41}, keywords = {CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, EUPROSERPINUS, FLIGHT PERIOD, FOODPLANT, FOODPLANT SPECIFICITY, IMMATURE STAGES, OVIPOSITION, PHENOLOGY, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/2000s/2006/2006-60(1)41-Jump.pdf}, author = {Jump, P.M. and Longcore, T. and Rich, C.} } @article {18436, title = {Arctonotus lucidus in San Diego County, California (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Lepidoptera News}, volume = {2002}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {10-11}, chapter = {10}, keywords = {FLIGHT PERIOD, PROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Heppner, J.B.} } @article {18270, title = {Notes on the life histories of four moths from southern Vancouver Island}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia}, volume = {56}, year = {1959}, month = {11/1959}, pages = {49-53}, chapter = {49}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, PROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/193319$\#$page/309/mode/1up}, author = {Hardy, G.A.} } @article {18155, title = {Descriptions of American Lepidoptera. - No. 4}, journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society}, volume = {2}, year = {1868}, month = {1868}, pages = {179-206}, chapter = {179}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, EUPROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Grote, A.R. and Robinson, C.T.} } @article {17890, title = {Notes on Sphingidae captured at Orono, Maine and vicinity}, journal = {Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {16}, year = {1884}, month = {1884}, pages = {21-22}, chapter = {21}, keywords = {EUMORPHA, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, author = {Fernald, C.H.} } @article {17686, title = {Pacific coast Lepidoptera. - No. 11. List of the Sphingidae of California and adjacent districts, with descriptions of new species}, journal = {Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {6}, year = {1875}, month = {1875}, pages = {86-95}, chapter = {86}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, PROSERPINUS, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Edwards, H.} } @article {17689, title = {New species of Heterocera}, journal = {Papilio}, volume = {2}, year = {1882}, month = {1882}, pages = {9-15}, chapter = {9}, keywords = {AGRIUS, CATALOGUE, CAUTETHIA, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Edwards, H.} } @article {17671, title = {Notes on the winter Lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {4}, year = {1901}, month = {1901}, pages = {446-485}, chapter = {446}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, ENYO, ERINNYIS, FOODPLANT, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Dyar, H.G.} } @article {17661, title = {January, 2004 Cover Photograph}, journal = {Journal of Entomological Science}, volume = {39}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, keywords = {EUMORPHA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Durden, L.A.} } @article {17601, title = {{IAmphion nessus} (Sphingidae) attracted to female {IAnisota virginiensis pellucida} (Citheroniidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {28}, year = {1974}, month = {1974}, pages = {176}, keywords = {AMPHION, ANISOTA, PHEROMONES, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Dominick, R. B.} } @article {17336, title = {The early stages of Arctonotus lucidus Bdv. (Lepidopt.)}, journal = {Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {41}, year = {1943}, month = {1943}, pages = {167-171}, chapter = {167}, keywords = {FOODPLANT, IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY, LIFE HISTORY, PROSERPINUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA}, author = {Comstock, J.A. and Henne, C.} } @article {17324, title = {A new race of Euproserpinus phaeton from the Mojave Desert (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)}, journal = {Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences}, volume = {37}, year = {1938}, month = {1938}, pages = {33-42}, chapter = {33}, keywords = {ADULT MORPHOLOGY, ANTENNAE, CATALOGUE, EUPROSERPINUS, FOODPLANT, IMMATURE STAGES, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, author = {Comstock, J.A.} } @article {17267, title = {Synopsis of North American Sphingidae}, journal = {Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia}, volume = {4}, year = {1859}, month = {1859}, pages = {97-190}, chapter = {97}, keywords = {ALEURON, BRAZIL, CANADA, CATALOGUE, CERATOMIA, DEIDAMIA, LAPARA, SPHINGIDAE, THERETRA, USA, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clemens, B.} } @article {17243, title = {Some undescribed Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {6}, year = {1919}, month = {1919}, pages = {99-114}, chapter = {99}, keywords = {ARGENTINA, BAHAMAS, BRAZIL, CAMEROON, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, CAUTETHIA, COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, DOLBA, EUPROSERPINUS, GUATEMALA, ISOGNATHUS, LAPARA, MANDUCA, MEXICO, MONARDA, NEOGURELCA, PAONIAS, PERIGONIA, PORTO RICO, PSEUDOCLANIS, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TEMNORA, USA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17242, title = {New Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {6}, year = {1917}, month = {1917}, pages = {57-72}, chapter = {57}, keywords = {AMBULYX, AVINOFFIA, BRAZIL, CAMEROON, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, COLOMBIA, CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, DOLBA, DOLBOGENE, EUMORPHA, ISOGNATHUS, MANDUCA, MEXICO, NEOPOLYPTYCHUS, NYCERYX, PHILIPPINES, PHYLLOXIPHIA, POLYPTYCHUS, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1, XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17244, title = {Sixteen new Sphingidae}, journal = {Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club}, volume = {7}, year = {1920}, month = {1920}, pages = {65-78}, chapter = {65}, keywords = {AMPHION, BASIOTHIA, CALLIONIMA, CATALOGUE, CATE DIAGNOSIS, MACROGLOSSUM, MANDUCA, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, TEMNORA, USA, WORLDMAP1(PART), XYLOPHANES}, author = {Clark, B.P.} } @article {17025, title = {New status for Eumorpha intermedia (Sphingidae)}, journal = {Journal of the Lepidopterists{\textquoteright} Society}, volume = {34}, year = {1980}, month = {1980}, pages = {302-306}, chapter = {302}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, EUMORPHA, MALE GENITALIA, SPHINGIDAE, USA, WORLDMAP1}, url = {https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/1980s/1980/1980-34(3)302-Brou.pdf}, author = {Brou_Jr, V.A.} } @article {16936, title = {L{\'e}pidopt{\`e}res de la Californie}, journal = {Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Entomologique de Belgique}, volume = {12}, year = {1868}, note = {Volume is dated 1868-1869.; ;}, month = {1868}, pages = {5-28, 37-94}, chapter = {5}, keywords = {CATALOGUE, EUPROSERPINUS, HEMARIS, HYLES, PSILOGRAMMA, SMERINTHUS, SPHINGIDAE, SPHINX, USA}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44872$\#$page/15/mode/1up}, author = {Boisduval, J.B.A.E. de} }