02200nas a2200241 4500008004100000024001700041245012100058210006900179260000900248300001000257490000800267520147300275653001801748653001601766653002101782653001501803653001701818100001801835700001801853700001601871700001801887856005301905 2002 eng d aPapyrus 683400aSpecialization for hawkmoth and long-proboscid fly pollination in Zaluzianskya section Nycterinia (Scrophulariaceae)0 aSpecialization for hawkmoth and longproboscid fly pollination in c2002 a17-270 v1383 a

"The evolution of pollination systems has been investigated in Zaluzianskya section Nycterinia (Scrophulariaceae), a group characterized by very long-tubed flowers (up to 60 mm) that open either only at night (19 species) or during the day (one species). Field observations of three species: Z. natalensis, Z. elongata and Z. pulvinata, revealed that their flowers are pollinated shortly after dusk by hawkmoths. Further observations showed that Z. microsiphon, the sole species to have flowers that open only during the day, is pollinated exclusively by long-proboscid flies belonging to the family Nemestrinidae. A phylogenetic analysis of Z. sect. Nycterinia based on morphological characters indicates that Z. microsiphon evolved within a clade of night-flowering species. The shift from hawkmoth to long-proboscid fly pollination in Zaluzianskya was probably facilitated because long corolla tubes, white petals and dilute nectar in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers are pre-adaptations for pollination by long-proboscid flies. However, the autapomorphic features of Z. microsiphon, such as zygomorphy, diurnal flower anthesis and lack of scent, can be regarded as adaptations for long-proboscid fly pollination. Breeding system experiments on Z. natalensis and Z. microsiphon revealed the existence of genetic self-incompatibility."

10aNEMESTRINIDAE10aPOLLINATION10aSCROPHULARIACEAE10aSPHINGIDAE10aZALUZIANSKYA1 aJohnson, S.D.1 aEdwards, T.J.1 aCarbutt, C.1 aPotgieter, C. uhttps://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00005.x