02282nas a2200265 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001200190300001100202490000700213520156700220653001301787653001801800653001701818653001201835653001401847653001401861653001501875653001501890100002101905700001701926700001501943700001801958856004001976 2022 eng d00aUnique neural coding of crucial versus irrelevant plant odors in a hawkmoth0 aUnique neural coding of crucial versus irrelevant plant odors in c05/2022 ae774290 v113 a

"The sense of smell is pivotal for nocturnal moths to locate feeding and oviposition sites. However, these crucial resources are often rare and their bouquets are intermingled with volatiles emanating from surrounding ‘background’ plants. Here, we asked if the olfactory system of female hawkmoths, Manduca sexta, could differentiate between crucial and background cues. To answer this question, we collected nocturnal headspaces of numerous plants in a natural habitat of M. sexta. We analyzed the chemical composition of these headspaces and used them as stimuli in physiological experiments at the antenna and in the brain. The intense odors of floral nectar sources evoked strong responses in virgin and mated female moths, most likely enabling the localization of profitable flowers at a distance. Bouquets of larval host plants and most background plants, in contrast, were subtle, thus potentially complicating host identification. However, despite being subtle, antennal responses and brain activation patterns evoked by the smell of larval host plants were clearly different from those evoked by other plants. Interestingly, this difference was even more pronounced in the antennal lobe of mated females, revealing a status-dependent tuning of their olfactory system towards oviposition sites. Our study suggests that female moths possess unique neural coding strategies to find not only conspicuous floral cues but also inconspicuous bouquets of larval host plants within a complex olfactory landscape."

10aANTENNAE10aANTENNAL LOBE10aFLORAL SCENT10aMANDUCA10aNEUROLOGY10aOLFACTION10aPHYSIOLOGY10aSPHINGIDAE1 aBisch-Knaden, S.1 aRafter, M.A.1 aKnaden, M.1 aHansson, B.S. uhttps://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.77429