04045nas a2200421 4500008004100000245022700041210006900268300000800337490000700345520290100352653000903253653000903262653002303271653001003294653000803304653000903312653001003321653001903331653000903350653002303359653001603382653001503398653000803413653000803421653000803429653000803437653000903445653000803454653000803462653001203470653001403482653001403496653000903510100002003519700001603539700001903555856004903574 2017 eng d00aThe influence of molecular markers and methods on inferring the phylogenetic relationships between the representatives of the Arini (parrots, Psittaciformes), determined on the basis of their complete mitochondrial genomes0 ainfluence of molecular markers and methods on inferring the phyl a1660 v173 a

"Background: Conures are a morphologically diverse group of Neotropical parrots classified as members of the tribe Arini, which has recently been subjected to a taxonomic revision. The previously broadly defined Aratinga genus of this tribe has been split into the ‘true’ Aratinga and three additional genera, Eupsittula, Psittacara and Thectocercus. Popular markers used in the reconstruction of the parrots’ phylogenies derive from mitochondrial DNA. However, current phylogenetic analyses seem to indicate conflicting relationships between Aratinga and other conures, and also among other Arini members. Therefore, it is not clear if the mtDNA phylogenies can reliably define the species tree. The inconsistencies may result from the variable evolution rate of the markers used or their weak phylogenetic signal. To resolve these controversies and to assess to what extent the phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Arini can be inferred from mitochondrial genomes, we compared representative Arini mitogenomes as well as examined the usefulness of the individual mitochondrial markers and the efficiency of various phylogenetic methods.

Results: Single molecular markers produced inconsistent tree topologies, while different methods offered various topologies even for the same marker. A significant disagreement in these tree topologies occurred for cytb, nd2 and nd6 genes, which are commonly used in parrot phylogenies. The strongest phylogenetic signal was found in the control region and RNA genes. However, these markers cannot be used alone in inferring Arini phylogenies because they do not provide fully resolved trees. The most reliable phylogeny of the parrots under study is obtained only on the concatenated set of all mitochondrial markers. The analyses established significantly resolved relationships within the former Aratinga representatives and the main genera of the tribe Arini. Such mtDNA phylogeny can be in agreement with the species tree, owing to its match with synapomorphic features in plumage colouration.

Conclusions: Phylogenetic relationships inferred from single mitochondrial markers can be incorrect and contradictory. Therefore, such phylogenies should be considered with caution. Reliable results can be produced by concatenated sets of all or at least the majority of mitochondrial genes and the control region. The results advance a new view on the relationships among the main genera of Arini and resolve the inconsistencies between the taxa that were previously classified as the broadly defined genus Aratinga. Although gene and species trees do not always have to be consistent, the mtDNA phylogenies for Arini can reflect the species tree.

10aATP610aATP810aBAYESIAN INFERENCE10aBIRDS10aCOI10aCOII10aCOIII10aCONTROL REGION10aCYTB10aMAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD10aMETHODOLOGY10aMITOGENOME10aND110aND210aND310aND410aND4L10aND510aND610aPARROTS10aPARSIMONY10aPHYLOGENY10aTRNA1 aUrantowka, A.D.1 aKroczak, A.1 aMackiewicz, P. uhttps://sphingidae.myspecies.info/node/2152702078nas a2200337 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200260001200269300001200281490000700293520111500300653002301415653000801438653000801446653000801454653001401462653001401476653002301490653001401513653002301527653001401550653001901564653002301583653000901606653001601615653000801631100001701639700001701656700001801673856004901691 2017 eng d00aMulti-gene phylogeny of the Hemileuca maia complex (Saturniidae) across North America suggests complex phylogeography and rapid ecological diversification0 aMultigene phylogeny of the Hemileuca maia complex Saturniidae ac c10/2017 a621-6340 v423 a

"The Hemileuca maia species complex occurs across the North American continent and consists of six named taxa, and several others that were recently synonymized. Taxa exhibit a wide span of adult flight periods, dramatic shifts in host-plant use and occur in a range of habitats, all of which would suggest unrecognized diversity. We used one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes to generate 3900 bp per individual, including samples from every ecotype in the species group across the United States from New England to central Florida to California. We assessed phylogenetic relationships using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Results suggest very low levels of divergence across most of the continent and low levels of genetic structure – even between some recognized species that maintain clear ecological difference in sympatry. Our results suggest that meaningful and localized ecological divergence may occur in the absence of easily recognizable genetic divergence, due to either ongoing gene flow or the recent diversification in the group."

10aBAYESIAN INFERENCE10aCAD10aCOI10aDNA10aEF-1ALPHA10aFOODPLANT10aHAPLOTYPE NETWORKS10aHEMILEUCA10aMAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD10aPHYLOGENY10aPHYLOGEOGRAPHY10aPOPULATION BIOLOGY10aRpS510aSATURNIIDAE10aUSA1 aRubinoff, D.1 aSan Jose, M.1 aPeigler, R.S. uhttps://sphingidae.myspecies.info/node/2152403887nas a2200349 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188260001200257300001200269490000700281520287800288653002103166653002903187653001203216653002303228653001703251653001403268653001703282653000803299653000903307653000803316653001203324653001003336653001403346653001503360100002303375700001703398700001803415700002303433700001903456856006203475 2017 eng d00aMuseum archives revisited: Central Asiatic hawkmoths reveal exceptionally high late Pliocene species diversification (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)0 aMuseum archives revisited Central Asiatic hawkmoths reveal excep c09/2017 a552-5700 v463 a

"Three high-elevation Hyles species of Central Asia have proven difficult to sample, and thus, only a limited number of specimens are available for study. Ancient DNA techniques were applied to sequence two mitochondrial genes from ‘historic’ museum specimens of Hyles gallii, Hyles renneri and Hyles salangensis to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of these species. This approach enabled us to include the holotypes and paratypes. The status of H. salangensis as a species endemic to a mountain range north of Kabul in Afghanistan is confirmed by this study. It is most closely related to Hyles nicaea and H. gallii, and quite distant from the clade comprising the species from Hyles vespertilio to Hyles tithymali, despite this group and H. salangensis both completely lacking an arolium on the pretarsus.Our results show that the samples assigned to H. renneri and Hyles livornica tatsienluica are conspecific and so we reinstate Hyles tatsienluica stat. nov. as the valid name for this species and synonymize H. renneri syn. nov. with it. This study shows that the distribution range postulated for H. tatsienluica extends from Nepal well into the mountains of south-western China. The distribution ranges of H. livornica and H. tatsienluica overlap. The study confirms the previously proposed synonymies of Hyles nepalensis, Hyles gallii intermedia and Hyles gallii tibetanica with H. gallii. Extensive species sampling (over 80% of Hyles species) in this study allowed additional analyses. The dated phylogeny reveals the global Hyles hawkmoth radiation to be much more recent than previously thought: it began in the Late Miocene and culminated in a Pleistocene burst of diversification in the Northern Hemisphere. Ancestral ranges of basal nodes were reconstructed as highly equivocal, but the Neotropics has the highest probability in the two oldest nodes. Although the origins of the Madagascan and Australian species also remain ambiguous, a large crown clade of fifteen species was reconstructed to have originated in the Palaearctic. The wide distribution ranges of the two migratory species, H. livornica and H. gallii, appear to blur any traces of the biogeographic origin of the clades containing these species. Specialization in larval host plant use onto particular plant families from the ancestral condition ‘polyphagous’ may have led to an increased rate of speciation and phylogenetic diversification in three subgroups of Hyles (the Hawaiian clade, the Hyles centralasiae group and the Hyles euphorbiae complex)."

10aADULT MORPHOLOGY10aANCESTRAL AREAS ANALYSIS10aAROLIUM10aBAYESIAN INFERENCE10aBIOGEOGRAPHY10aCATALOGUE10aCENTRAL ASIA10aCOI10aCOII10aDNA10aECOLOGY10aHYLES10aPHYLOGENY10aSPHINGIDAE1 aHundsdoerfer, A.K.1 aPäckert, M.1 aKehlmaier, C.1 aStrutzenberger, P.1 aKitching, I.J. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12235