TY - JOUR T1 - Wettability and morphology of proboscises interweave with hawkmoth evolutionary history JF - Journal of Experimental Biology Y1 - 2023 DO - 10.1242/jeb.245699 A1 - Palaoro, A.V. A1 - Gole, A.R. A1 - Sun. Y. A1 - Puchalski, A. A1 - Beard, C.E. A1 - Adler, P.H. A1 - Kornev, K.G. SP - jeb245699 KW - ADULT FEEDING KW - AGRIUS KW - CAPILLARY PRESSURE KW - CONTACT ANGLE KW - DARAPSA KW - DOLBA KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - FEEDING EFFICIENCY KW - FLUID DYNAMICS KW - FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION KW - HEMARIS KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - MENISCUS KW - PARATREA KW - PROBOSCIS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

Hovering hawkmoths expend significant energy while feeding, which should select for greater feeding efficiency. Although increased feeding efficiency has been implicitly assumed, it has never been assessed. We hypothesized that hawkmoths have proboscises specialized for gathering nectar passively. Using contact angle and capillary pressure to evaluate capillary action of the proboscis, we conducted a comparative analysis of wetting and absorption properties for 13 species of hawkmoths. We showed that all 13 species have a hydrophilic proboscis. In contradistinction, the proboscises of all other tested lepidopteran species have a wetting dichotomy with only the distal ~10% hydrophilic. Longer proboscises are more wettable, suggesting that species of hawkmoths with long proboscises are more efficient at acquiring nectar by the proboscis surface than are species with shorter proboscises. All hawkmoth species also show strong capillary pressures which, together with the feeding behaviors we observed, ensure that nectar will be delivered to the food canal efficiently. The patterns we found suggest that different subfamilies of hawkmoths use different feeding strategies. Our comparative approach reveals that hawkmoths are unique among Lepidoptera and highlights the importance of considering the physical characteristics of the proboscis to understand the evolution and diversification of hawkmoths.

VL - 226 IS - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Haemolymph viscosity in hawkmoths and its implications for hovering flight JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society B Y1 - 2023 A1 - Brasovs, A. A1 - Palaoro, A.V. A1 - Aprelev, P. A1 - Beard, C.E. A1 - Adler, P.H. A1 - Kornev, K.G. SP - 20222185 KW - AGRIUS KW - CERATOMIA KW - DOLBA KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - HAEMOLYMPH KW - HEMARIS KW - HOVERING KW - HYLES KW - MANDUCA KW - PHYSIOLOGY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - VISCOSITY KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"Viscosity determines the resistance of haemolymph flow through the insect body. For flying insects, viscosity is a major physiological parameter limiting flight performance by controlling the flow rate of fuel to the flight muscles, circulating nutrients and rapidly removing metabolic waste products. The more viscous the haemolymph, the greater the metabolic energy needed to pump it through confined spaces. By employing magnetic rotational spectroscopy with nickel nanorods, we showed that viscosity of haemolymph in resting hawkmoths (Sphingidae) depends on wing size non-monotonically. Viscosity increases for small hawkmoths with high wingbeat frequencies, reaches a maximum for middle-sized hawkmoths with moderate wingbeat frequencies, and decreases in large hawkmoths with slower wingbeat frequencies but greater lift. Accordingly, hawkmoths with small and large wings have viscosities approaching that of water, whereas hawkmoths with mid-sized wings have more than twofold greater viscosity. The metabolic demands of flight correlate with significant changes in circulatory strategies via modulation of haemolymph viscosity. Thus, the evolution of hovering flight would require fine-tuned viscosity adjustments to balance the need for the haemolymph to carry more fuel to the flight muscles while decreasing the viscous dissipation associated with its circulation."

VL - 290 UR - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera) JF - Journal of Morphology Y1 - 2022 DO - 10.1002/jmor.21510 A1 - Reinwald, C. A1 - Bauder, J.A.-S. A1 - Karolyi, F. A1 - Neulinger, M. A1 - Jaros, S. A1 - Metscher, B. A1 - Krenn, H.W. SP - 1390 EP - 1410 KW - ACHERONTIA KW - AGRIUS KW - ANATOMY KW - DEILEPHILA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - HYLOICUS KW - MACROGLOSSUM KW - MANDUCA KW - MICRO-CT KW - MIMAS KW - MUSCULATURE KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PROBOSCIS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SENSILLA KW - SMERINTHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar‐feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey‐feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar‐feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey‐feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine‐tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function."

VL - 283 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dos nuevos registros de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) de Salta, con nuevos aportes de distribución de nueve especies en la Argentina JF - Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.25085/rsea.761209 A1 - Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. A1 - Núñez_Bustos, E. SP - 57 EP - 60 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - ARGENTINA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - NYCERYX KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"Two species of Sphingidae are recorded from Argentina for the first time: Nyceryx hyposticta (R. Felder, [1874]) and Perigonia stulta Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]. Both species were collected in the north of Salta province. New distributional records from Argentina for other nine species are provided, and a previous identification error is clarified."

VL - 76 UR - https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.761209 IS - 1-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and species richness of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in the fragmented landscape of Santa Cruz (Bolivia) JF - Ecología en Bolivia Y1 - 2013 A1 - Karger, D.N. A1 - Abrahamczyk, S. A1 - Kessler, M. SP - 46 EP - 51 KW - ABUNDANCE KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AGRIUS KW - BOLIVIA KW - CALLIONIMA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 48 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Les Lépidoptères Sphingidae de République Dominicaine. Liste actualisée et description de deux nouvelles espèces. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) JF - The European Entomologist Y1 - 2016 A1 - Haxaire, J. SP - 61 EP - 78 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - BAHAMAS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - CATALOGUE KW - CAUTETHIA KW - COCYTIUS KW - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM KW - HYLES KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - LINTNERIA KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NANNOPARCE KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PHRYXUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES AB -

"A checklist of the known Sphingidae of the Dominican Republic is given, based on two collecting trips undertaken by the author and examination of material in museum collections. Two species belonging to the genus Aellopos Hübner, [1819] are recorded for the first time and two new species, recently collected in April  2016 in the La Vega Province, are described as new."

VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small sample, substantial contribution: additions to the Honduran hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) fauna based on collections from a mountainous protected area (Cusuco National Park) JF - Journal of Insect Conservation Y1 - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10841-012-9505-0 A1 - Vanhove, M.P.M. A1 - Jocque, M. A1 - Mann, D.J. A1 - Waters, S. A1 - Creedy, T.J. A1 - Nuñez-Miño, J.M. A1 - Vaglia, T. A1 - Casteels, J. SP - 629 EP - 633 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - BIODIVERSITY KW - EUMORPHA KW - HONDURAS KW - MANDUCA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisión de la familia Sphingidae (Lep. Het.) en Chile JF - Boletín. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Chile Y1 - 1956 A1 - Ureta, R.E. A1 - Donoso, R.B. SP - 237 EP - 256 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - CHILE KW - COCYTIUS KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - HYLES KW - LINTNERIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 26 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Fauna Paraguay: Sphingidae - Hawk Moths Y1 - 2006 A1 - Smith, P. KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AGRIUS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PARAGUAY KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES T3 - http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html UR - http:/www.faunaparaguay.com/sphingidae.html ER - TY - JOUR T1 - List of the Sphingidae collected by the late W. Hoffmanns at Allianca, Rio Madeira, Amazonas JF - Novitates Zoologicae Y1 - 1910 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. A1 - Jordan, K. SP - 447 EP - 455 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - ALEURON KW - BRAZIL KW - CALLIONIMA KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM KW - HEMEROPLANES KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - NYCERYX KW - ORYBA KW - PACHYGONIDIA KW - PACHYLIA KW - PACHYLIOIDES KW - PERIGONIA KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - UNZELA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 17 UR - http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22248#page/471/mode/1up ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Sphingidae JF - Novitates Zoologicae Y1 - 1906 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. A1 - Jordan, K. SP - 178 EP - 185 KW - AMPLYPTERUS KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COSTA RICA KW - CUBA KW - DAPHNIS KW - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO KW - ECUADOR KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GRENADA KW - INDONESIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PARAGUAY KW - PERU KW - PHYLLOXIPHIA KW - POLYPTYCHUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SAINT LUCIA KW - SIERRA LEONE KW - SOLOMON ISLANDS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES KW - SULAWESI KW - TEMNORA KW - VENEZUELA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 13 UR - https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/192/mode/1up ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Descriptions of new Sphingidae in the collection of Dr Otto Staudinger JF - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris Y1 - 1895 A1 - Rothschild, L.W. SP - 297 EP - 302 + pls V KW - ACOSMERYCOIDES KW - AMBULYX KW - BOLIVIA KW - BORNEO KW - CATALOGUE KW - CECHENENA KW - COLOMBIA KW - ENPINANGA KW - EUMORPHA KW - EURYGLOTTIS KW - GIGANTEOPALPUS KW - INDIA KW - MALAYSIA KW - MANDUCA KW - NEPHELE KW - PERU KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - TEMNORA KW - TETRACHROA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Galápagos Islands: their identification, distribution, and host plants, with new records JF - Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft Y1 - 2002 A1 - Roque-Albelo, L. A1 - Landry, B. SP - 217 EP - 226 KW - AGRIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GALAPAGOS KW - HYLES KW - KEY KW - MANDUCA KW - PERIGONIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 74 UR - https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=seg-001%3A2001%3A74%3A%3A305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Castniidae and Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of the Tambopata Reserved Zone, Madre de Dios, Perú: a preliminary list JF - Revista Peruana de Entomologia Y1 - 1985 A1 - Lamas, G. SP - 55 EP - 58 KW - CASTNIIDAE KW - EUMORPHA KW - MANDUCA KW - PERU KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 27 UR - https://www.revperuentomol.com.pe/index.php/rev-peru-entomol/article/view/819/790 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Die Schwärmer einiger Galapagos-Inseln (Lep. Sphingidae) JF - Opuscula Zoologica. München Y1 - 1962 A1 - Kernbach, K. SP - 1 EP - 19 KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - ECUADOR KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GALAPAGOS KW - HYLES KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 63 UR - https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Opuscula-Zoologica_63_0001-0019.pdf ER - TY - BOOK T1 - A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea Y1 - 1979 A1 - Hunt, D. A1 - Mitchell, G. SP - 36 KW - ABUNDANCE KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FLIGHT PERIOD KW - HYLES KW - KEY KW - LESSER ANTILLES KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - PHRYXUS KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SAINT LUCIA KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES PB - W.I.N.B.A.N. & the St. Lucia Naturalists' Society CY - St Lucia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neue Sphingiden JF - Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift Y1 - 1926 A1 - Gehlen, B. SP - 172 EP - 176, 248 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - BOLIVIA KW - BRAZIL KW - CATALOGUE KW - COLOMBIA KW - ECUADOR KW - EUMORPHA KW - HIPPOTION KW - MANDUCA KW - MEXICO KW - NEW GUINEA KW - NYCERYX KW - PAPUA NEW GUINEA KW - PERU KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Schwärmerfauna von Französisch Guyana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) JF - Atalanta Y1 - 2012 A1 - Eitschberger, U. A1 - Schmidl, J. SP - 483 EP - 498 KW - ADHEMARIUS KW - CALLIONIMA KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - EUMORPHA KW - FRENCH GUIANA KW - MALE GENITALIA KW - MANDUCA KW - PACHYLIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 43 UR - https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_43_0483-0498.pdf IS - 3/4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalogue raisonné des insectes des Antilles Françaises, 1. Lépidoptères: Sphingidae JF - Annales des Epiphyties (et de Phylogénétique) Y1 - 1966 A1 - D'Aguilar, J. SP - 251 EP - 262 KW - AELLOPOS KW - AGRIUS KW - COCYTIUS KW - ENYO KW - ERINNYIS KW - EUMORPHA KW - FOODPLANT KW - GUADELOUPE KW - MADORYX KW - MANDUCA KW - MARTINIQUE KW - NEOCOCYTIUS KW - PACHYLIA KW - PERIGONIA KW - PROTAMBULYX KW - PSEUDOSPHINX KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Sphingidae JF - Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club Y1 - 1917 A1 - Clark, B.P. SP - 57 EP - 72 KW - AMBULYX KW - AVINOFFIA KW - BRAZIL KW - CAMEROON KW - CATALOGUE KW - CATE DIAGNOSIS KW - COLOMBIA KW - CONGO KW - DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO KW - DOLBA KW - DOLBOGENE KW - EUMORPHA KW - ISOGNATHUS KW - MANDUCA KW - MEXICO KW - NEOPOLYPTYCHUS KW - NYCERYX KW - PHILIPPINES KW - PHYLLOXIPHIA KW - POLYPTYCHUS KW - SPHINGIDAE KW - USA KW - WORLDMAP1 KW - XYLOPHANES VL - 6 ER -