D. P.  Gregory, ?Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera?, Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 357-419, 1963.

D. P.  Gregory, ?Hawkmoth pollination in the genus Oenothera?, Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 357-419, 1963.

D.  Hunt and Mitchell, G., A recognition guide to the insects of St. Lucia. 2: Hawkmoths. Lepidoptera, Sphingoidea. St Lucia: W.I.N.B.A.N. & the St. Lucia Naturalists' Society, 1979, p. 36.