A. R.  Grote, ?Notes on Cuban Sphingidae?, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, vol. 5, pp. 33-84, 1865.

B.  Gehlen, ?Neue Sphingiden?, Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. 20, pp. 172-176, 248-252, 1926.

B. P.  Clark, ?Twenty-five new Sphingidae?, Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, vol. 8, pp. 1-23, 1922.