<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancajima, G.P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eloi, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual dimorphism and allometric patterns in hawkmoth epiphyses (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Scientific Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALLOMETRY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EPIPHYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ERINNYIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EVOLUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEXUAL DIMORPHISM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/04/2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86837-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11405</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Sexual dimorphism in insects often extends beyond size differences, encompassing a range of&amp;nbsp;morphological traits. These sex differences in wing size, body mass, antenna shape, and even the epiphyses of lepidopterans have been studied previously. The epiphysis, located on the foretibiae of lepidopterans, plays a crucial role in removing dust and other debris from the antennae, helping to maintain the sensory functions essential for navigation and communication. Unique to lepidopterans, the epiphysis is particularly important for species with highly developed antennae, such as hawkmoths. This study presents novel insights into the significant sexual dimorphism and allometric trends in the epiphyses of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Through comprehensive morphometric analyses of 564 specimens across two tribes of Macroglossinae, we demonstrated that males typically possess longer epiphyses than females, correlating with antennal length. We observed that tibial length, epiphysis length, and width influence epiphysis positioning on the foretibiae. Our findings suggest that medium-sized epiphyses were a conserved trait in the common ancestor of extant hawkmoths, revealing both interspecific and intraspecific variations. This study not only advances the understanding of sexual dimorphism in lepidopterans but also sheds light on the evolutionary mechanisms driving morphological diversity. These discoveries contribute to a broader understanding of sexual dimorphism in Sphingidae and raise essential questions about the evolutionary pressures driving this variation in lepidopterans.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11405</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albertoni, F.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immature stages of Adeloneivaia fallax (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida Entomologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADELONEIVAIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BEHAVIOUR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOODPLANT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMMATURE STAGES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LIFE HISTORY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">REARING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">178-185</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">178</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancajima, G.P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alicrin_Da_Silva, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">De Oliveira, P.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Study of the pollen type in neotropical hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Macroglossinae) collected in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrative Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ERINNYIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUMORPHA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NYCERYX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBOSCIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21/11/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12785</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">777-783</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">777</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, L.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mielke, C.G.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphology of the egg and larva of a poorly known hawkmoth: Subsidies for a better understanding of the systematics of Ambulycini (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, Smerinthinae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoologischer Anzeiger</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHAETOTAXY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHORION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EGGS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMMATURE MORPHOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ORECTA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2016.10.003</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">266</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14-22</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Orecta lycidas&lt;/em&gt; (Boisduval, 1875) is found in the Atlantic Forest of southern and southeastern Brazil and from southern Uruguay to Argentina. Brazilian populations are identified as &lt;em&gt;O. l. lycidas&lt;/em&gt;, while in the other parts of its distribution it is known as &lt;em&gt;O. lycidas eos&lt;/em&gt; (Burmeister, 1878). The poor representation of the species in scientific collections has led specialists to treat it as rare and to contemplate its inclusion in the list of vulnerable species to the extinction for the State of S&amp;atilde;o Paulo, southeastern Brazil. With the objective to increase knowledge of this species and considering the importance of the immature morphology to understand the biology and evolutionary history of these moths, and the difficulty of obtaining samples for this purpose, a study of the external morphology of the egg and first instar of &lt;em&gt;O. l. lycidas&lt;/em&gt; was conducted. For the first time the chaetotaxy of an Ambulycini is described. This work will serve for future studies to allow the use of hawkmoth egg and larval characteristics in the construction of phylogenetic hypotheses.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardoso, L.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silva-Brandão, K.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder, 1874) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in the Atlantic Rain Forest: A phylogeographic perspective</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoologischer Anzeiger</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADHEMARIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MTDNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WINGLESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2018.10.005</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">277</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231-241</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest biome has been strongly impacted by human action and by various factors related to economic development. The hawkmoth &lt;em&gt;Adhemarius eurysthenes&lt;/em&gt; (Sphingidae, Smerinthinae, Ambulycini) is endemic to the southern portion of this biome, with most of its existing populations within Brazil. Using CAD, wingless, and the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene, populations of &lt;em&gt;A. eurysthenes&lt;/em&gt; were analyzed phylogeographically to obtain information on their genetic structure and variability, and to explain their spatial distribution. We obtained 14 COI haplotypes of 109 individuals from 10 localities. The population in the state of Esp&amp;iacute;rito Santo, southeastern Brazil, showed the highest average genetic distance in relation to other populations. A test of molecular variance using the spatial component (SAMOVA) separated the samples into two groups; again, Esp&amp;iacute;rito Santo was the divergent site. We found no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances, but did find a tendency toward genetic isolation near the northern limit of the range of&lt;em&gt; A. eurysthenes&lt;/em&gt;. We discuss the implementation of the observed patterns for other taxa, in an attempt to support studies on the conservation of Ambulycini in the Atlantic Rain Forest. Esp&amp;iacute;rito Santo proved to be a locality of particular importance for conservation of the endemic Ambulycini in this biome.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">231</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vieira, K.C.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moraes, S.de S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiquetto-Machado, P.I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from a fragment of Atlantic rainforest in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida Entomologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAREFACTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0153</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlin, L.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marconato, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Light-attracted hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of Boracéia, municipality of Salesópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Check List</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHENOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/17689/download/pdf/285514</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123-136</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">123</style></section></record></records></xml>