<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ballesteros-Mejia, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Díaz-Díaz, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toro-Vargas, D.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amarillo-Suarez, A.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gey, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">León, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tovar, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arias, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rivera, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buitrago, L.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto-Moraes, R.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sano Martins, I.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decaëns, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González, M.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rougerie, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARCODING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATALOGUE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COLOMBIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENVENOMATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EPIDEMIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMMATURE STAGES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LONOMIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPECIES DELIMITATION</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011063</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0011063</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Caterpillars of the Neotropical genus &lt;em&gt;Lonomia &lt;/em&gt;(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are responsible for some fatal envenomation of humans in South America inducing hemostatic disturbances in patients upon skin contact with the caterpillars&amp;rsquo; spines. Currently, only two species have been reported to cause hemorrhagic syndromes in humans: &lt;em&gt;Lonomia achelous&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Lonomia obliqua&lt;/em&gt;. However, species identifications have remained largely unchallenged despite improved knowledge of venom diversity and growing evidence that the taxonomy used over past decades misrepresents and underestimates species diversity. Here, we revisit the taxonomic diversity and distribution of &lt;em&gt;Lonomia &lt;/em&gt;species using the most extensive dataset assembled to date, combining DNA barcodes, morphological comparisons, and geographical information. Considering new evidence for seven undescribed species as well as three newly proposed nomenclatural changes, our integrative approach leads to the recognition of 60 species, of which seven are known or strongly suspected to cause severe envenomation in humans. From a newly compiled synthesis of epidemiological data, we also examine the consequences of our results for understanding &lt;em&gt;Lonomia &lt;/em&gt;envenomation risks and call for further investigations of other species&amp;rsquo; venom activities. This is required and necessary to improve alertness in areas at risk, and to define adequate treatment strategies for envenomed patients, including performing species identification and assessing the efficacy of anti-&lt;em&gt;Lonomia &lt;/em&gt;serums against a broader diversity of species.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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