<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haxaire, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melichar, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjunatha, H.B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The European Entomologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHECKLIST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15/12/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-361</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3+4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, C.-Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Y.-X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hao, M.-D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, C.-D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orr, M.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, A.-B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macro-evolutionary dynamics dominated by dispersal promote the formation of regional biodiversity hotspot-insights from hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in South China</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHINA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSIFICATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTSPOTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAXENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MODELS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYLOREGION DELIMITATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VIETNAM</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/12/2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13916</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XX</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e13916</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; Rapid loss in global insect diversity has generated substantial public worry due to their critical ecological roles. However, there is controversy about the effectiveness of the global-scale hotspots in guiding the conservation of diversity at the regional scale. Even worse, little is known about the knowledge of insect distributional dynamics in many understudied regions, such as East and Southeast Asia. Here, to guide for setting regional-scale conservation priorities for insect diversity, we explore hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) for their distributional dynamics and identify regional hotspots requiring protection.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Location:&lt;/strong&gt; South China (including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong and Macau) and northern Vietnam (17&amp;deg;~26.5&amp;deg; N, 102&amp;deg;~117.5&amp;deg; E).&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Species distribution models were generated for 194 hawkmoth species based on 3597 occurrence records to predict their distributions. We calculated the spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and identified regional hotspots. Furthermore, the potential assembly mechanisms underlying insect diversity were explored by analysing the rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal between phyloregions.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;(a) The coastal regions of South China and northern Vietnam represent a regional hotspot of hawkmoths in East and Southeast Asia, with significantly higher &amp;alpha;-diversity than that in inland regions. (b) Dispersal played a more important role than local speciation and extinction in the formation of regional hawkmoth hotspots.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Main Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study, the &amp;lsquo;Out-of-the-tropics model&amp;rsquo; can explain the formation of the hawkmoth regional hotspots and the enhanced version of the &amp;lsquo;Pure dispersal model&amp;rsquo; can explain the formation of the hotspots in Hainan Island. Compared with the local speciation and extinction, dispersal is the main driving factor that promoted the formation of the regional biodiversity hotspot of hawkmoths in South China. The case of Hainan Island suggests that protection within hotspots needs to account for specific regional macro-evolutionary dynamics rather than indiscriminate coverage of identified hotspots.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early view</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e13916</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balcázar-Lara, M.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beutelspacher-Baigts, C.R.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorente_B., J.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">González_S, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papavero,N.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saturniidae (Lepidoptera)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de Artrópodos de México: hacia una sítesis de su conocimiento</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENDEMISM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MEXICO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONABIO, UNAM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">México City</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">501-513</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prestes, A.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunes, F.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corseuil, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moser, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsenurinae and Ceratocampinae (Saturniidae) of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARSENURINAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CERATOCAMPINAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHECKLIST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KEY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214-232</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">214</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davydov, E.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosachev, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Golyakov, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zalutsky, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Svirin, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kudrov, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavlova, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Storozhenko, Yu.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakovchenko, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yakovlev, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New and noteworthy records of Plants, Lichens and Lepidoptera in Altai Territory and Republic of Altai (Southern Siberia)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acta Biologica Sibirica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MACROGLOSSUM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROSERPINUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RED LIST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RUSSIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865738</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243-264</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">243</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, L.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A preliminary annotated checklist of the Brahmaeidae of the world – Part V – 1st supplement: on the distribution of the taxa of the Afrotropical genus Dactyloceras Mell, 1927 (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beiträge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFRICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAHMAEIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DACTYLOCERAS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EASTERN ARC MOUNTAINS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TANZANIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VICARIANCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85-104</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The following contribution to knowledge the family Brahmaeidae SWINHOE, 1892 (Lepidoptera) is part of the series &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;Brahmaeidae of the World&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo;, which should give a complete overview of this family after completion. New results of studies and new names were incorporated as far as they were known from literature and accessible to us up to the time of printing. On the basis of about 400 individual publications, an attempt was made to create an up-to-date and almost complete overview of the literature on the family Brahmaeidae. The scope made it necessary to subdivide the information into certain subject areas as expediently as possible, which should facilitate subsequent additions or corrections. This 1st Supplement of part V deals specifically with the type localities of the taxa in the genus &lt;em&gt;Dactyloceras &lt;/em&gt;MELL in Hering in Seitz, 1927 of the family Brahmaeidae SWINHOE, 1892. Type localities recorded in this paper are based on literature and our latest research. In particular, the distribution of the subgenus &lt;em&gt;Shinocksiceras &lt;/em&gt;BOUYER, 2002 in Tanzania is presented and the possible causes of its high diversity are discussed. This first coherent analysis of the family Brahmaeidae is not intended to represent a generic revision, but merely to show the current state of knowledge and provide a good working basis for further studies on the family Brahmaeidae.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enkhtur, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brehm, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boldgiv, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pfeiffer, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpha and beta diversity patterns of macro-moths reveal a breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient in Mongolia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALPHA DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BETA DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CALLAMBULYX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEILEPHILA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LAOTHOE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LATITUDINAL GRADIENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEPIDOPTERA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MARUMBA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MONGOLIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SMERINTHUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TRAITS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94471-3</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15018</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Little is known about the diversity and distribution patterns of moths along latitudinal gradients. We studied macro-moths in Mongolia along an 860&amp;nbsp;km latitudinal climatic gradient to gain knowledge on community composition, alpha, beta, and gamma diversity as well as underlying factors, which can be used as baseline information for further studies related to climate change. We identified 236 species of moths of ten families. Our study shows that the diversity of moths increased with the latitude, i.e., low species richness in the south and higher richness in the north. Moth community composition changed along the gradient, and we revealed a breakpoint of beta diversity that divided grassland and desert communities. In the desert, beta diversity was driven by species loss (i.e., nestedness), and few tolerant species existed with high abundance. In contrast, in the grassland, beta diversity was driven by species replacement with more unique species, (i.e., species which occurred only in one site). We found the lowest species diversity in the transitional zones dominated by few generalist species such as &lt;i&gt;Agrotis ripae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Anarta trifolii.&lt;/i&gt; Low precipitation and an increasing number of grazing goats are drivers of species loss. We suggest different conservation strategies regarding the contrasting patterns of beta diversity in desert and grassland.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15018</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fakazi, B.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buthelezi, M.N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zharare, G.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mlambo, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fon, F.N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The occurrence and characteristics of Imbrasia belina (Westwood, 1849) in the subtropical region of KwaZulu- Natal Province, South Africa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">African Entomology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BUNAEA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIRINA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISTRIBUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOODPLANT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GONIMBRASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HUMAN FOOD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMBRASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OVER-HARVESTING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTH AFRICA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0381</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381-391</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Mopane worm is the edible larva of &lt;em&gt;Imbrasia &lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gonimbrasia&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;belina &lt;/em&gt;(Westwood, 1894), a species of emperor moth that is generally found in central and southern African tropical regions. Both over-harvesting of larvae and the destruction of the mopane woodlands are threatening its biodiversity. An insect with a description matching that of &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt; was observed in the northern coastal region of KwaZulu-Natal, a subtropical biota. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the potential of the northern coastal region of KwaZulu-Natal as a sanctuary for &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt;. The presence of &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt; in the subtropical biota of the coastal region of KwaZulu-Natal was confirmed through mitochondrion CO1 gene sequences, this being so far its southernmost occurrence. Field surveys revealed the occurrence of four morphologically distinct variants within the uMkhanyakude District, inclusive of the protected iSimangalisoWetland Park and Hluhluwe Game Reserve from the beginning of September to early November as do most of the populations in the mopane woodlands but differs from them by having one outbreak per season instead of two. &lt;em&gt;Imbrasia belina&lt;/em&gt; is polyphagous and feeds off hosts including marula (&lt;em&gt;Sclerocarya birrea&lt;/em&gt; [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] [Anacardiaceae]) and seven other tree species. There is therefore scope to use the northern KwaZulu-Natal coastal region as a sanctuary for biodiversity conservation of &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt;. There are initiatives to cultivate marula for its fruit in the region, which further increases the potential of the area as a sanctuary for &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt; by farming marula for both its fruit and &lt;em&gt;I. belina&lt;/em&gt;. The protected nature reserves present in the region will ensure areas of controlled use by humans.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">381</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kioko, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musyoki, A.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luanga, A.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kioko, M.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mwangi, E.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monda, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geographical and temporal distribution of hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) species in Africa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity Data Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AFRICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DATABASE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLIGHT PERIOD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">KENYA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUSEUM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e70912</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e70912</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Background&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	Hawkmoths consist of species where most adults are nocturnal, but there are some dayflying genera. Hawkmoth species have a wide variety of life-history traits, comprising species with adults (mostly nectarivorous though with some exceptions, honey-feeding), but there are also species that do not feed at all. The nectarivorous species are an important component of tropical ecosystems, with significant roles as major pollinators of both crops and wild flora with the pollination done by the adult stage. Pollinators are in decline world-wide and there is need for baseline data to provide information about their conservation strategies. Species occurrence data from Museum collections have been shown to be of great value as a tool for prioritising conservation actions in Africa. The National Museums of Kenya (NMK) have a large and active entomology collection that is in continuous growth. The NMK&amp;rsquo;s collection of hawkmoths had not been digitised prior to 2017. This moth family Sphingidae includes about 1,602 species and 205 genera worldwide (Kitching et al. 2018) with the majority of these species occurring in Africa. These moth species can also be used as indicators in biodiversity assessments as they can be easily sampled and identified. However, hawkmoths have rarely been surveyed over the long term for this purpose. Long-term datasets are of unquestionable significance for understanding and monitoring temporal changes in biodiversity. These hawkmoth data have addressed one of the most significant challenges to insect conservation, the lack of baseline information concerning species diversity and distribution and have provided key historic hawkmoth species diversity and distribution data that can be used to monitor their populations in the face of climate change and other environmental degradation issues that are facing the world today. The publication of the hawkmoth species occurrence data records in GBIF has enhanced data visibility to a wider audience promoting availability for use.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	New information&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) collection at the National Museums of Kenya was digitised from 2017 &amp;ndash; 2020 and this paper presents details of species occurrence records as in the insect collection at the NMK, Nairobi, Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	The collection holds 5,095 voucher specimens consisting of 88 genera and 208 species. The collection covers the period between 1904 and 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	The geographical distribution of the hawkmoths housed at the NMK covers East Africa at 81.41%, West Africa at 7.20%, Southern Africa at 6.89%, Central Africa at 4.02% and North Africa at 0.2%.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e70912</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mertens, J.E.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brisson, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janeček, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klomberg, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maicher, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sáfián, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delabye, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potocký, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kobe, I.N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pyrcz, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tropek, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elevational and seasonal patterns of butterflies and hawkmoths in plant‑pollinator networks in tropical rainforests of Mount Cameroon</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAMEROON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMUNITY STRUCTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PAPILIONOIDEA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89012-x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9710</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Butterflies and moths are conspicuous flower visitors but their role in plant-pollinator interactions has rarely been quantified, especially in tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have virtually no knowledge of environmental factors affecting the role of lepidopterans in pollination networks. We videorecorded flower-visiting butterflies and hawkmoths on 212 plant species (&amp;gt; 26,000 recorded hrs) along the complete elevational gradient of rainforests on Mount Cameroon in dry and wet seasons. Altogether, we recorded 734 flower visits by 80 butterfly and 27 hawkmoth species, representing only ~ 4% of all flower visits. Although lepidopterans visited flowers of only a third of the plant species, they appeared to be key visitors for several plants. Lepidopterans visited flowers most frequently at mid-elevations and dry season, mirroring their local elevational patterns of diversity. Characteristics of interaction networks showed no apparent elevational or seasonal patterns, probably because of the high specialisation of all networks. Significant non-linear changes of proboscis and forewing lengths were found along elevation. A positive relationship between the lengths of proboscis of hesperiid butterflies and tube of visited flowers was detected. Differences in floral preferences were found between sphingids and butterflies, revealing the importance of nectar production, floral size and shape for sphingids, and floral colour for butterflies. The revealed trait-matching and floral preferences confirmed their potential to drive floral evolution in tropical ecosystems.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9710</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, L.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Überlegungen zur Artenvielfalt der wilden Seidenspinner des Malaiischen Archipels, Teil II: Saturniini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beiträge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANTHERAEA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTACINI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUSTRALIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALAY ARCHIPELAGO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIINAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIINI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215-268</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;This contribution to knowledge the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is dealing with the biodiversity of the taxa of the tribus Saturniini in the Malay Archipelago. Comparisons with the biodiversity of the wild silkmoths of the tribus Saturniini from mainland Asia (including the Andamans, Hainan and Taiwan) and Australia (including Tasmania) are provided. Because no autochthonous Saturniidae are known from New Zealand, the island is largely excluded here. An attempt is also made to clarify where the Saturniids in the Malay Archipelago originally came from and how they spread via the Malay Archipelago. As already noted in the previous contribution (Part I) on the biodiversity of the wild silkmoths of the tribus Attacini, taxa of the genera &lt;em&gt;Aglia &lt;/em&gt;OCHSENHEIMER, 1810 (Agliinae) and &lt;em&gt;Salassa &lt;/em&gt;MOORE, 1859 (Salassinae), &lt;em&gt;Cachosaturnia &lt;/em&gt;NAUMANN, L&amp;Ouml;FFLER &amp;amp; N&amp;Auml;SSIG, 2012, &lt;em&gt;Neoris &lt;/em&gt;MOORE, 1862, &lt;em&gt;Rhodinia&lt;/em&gt; STAUDINGER, 1892, &lt;em&gt;Rinaca &lt;/em&gt;WALKER, 1855, &lt;em&gt;Saturnia &lt;/em&gt;VON PAULA SCHRANK, 1802, &lt;em&gt;Sinobirma &lt;/em&gt;BRYK, 1944, and &lt;em&gt;Solus &lt;/em&gt;WATSON, 1913 (Saturniinae) are currently not distributed in the Malay Archipelago. There is also one Australian genus of the Saturniidae completely absent in the Malay Archipelago. This is &lt;em&gt;Austrocaligula &lt;/em&gt;COCKERELL in Packard, 1914, while &lt;em&gt;Opodiphthera &lt;/em&gt;WALLENGREN, 1858 is available in the Malay Archipelago with a single taxon only. The genus &lt;em&gt;Pararhodia &lt;/em&gt;COCKERELL in Packard, 1914 and the &lt;em&gt;venusta&lt;/em&gt;-group of the genus &lt;em&gt;Neodiphthera &lt;/em&gt;FLETCHER in Fletcher &amp;amp; Nye, 1982 are restricted to the island of New Guinea which belongs geographically to the Australian Continent but is isolated now again after the rising of the sea level during the previous post glacial. The widespread &lt;em&gt;sciron&lt;/em&gt;-group of &lt;em&gt;Neodiphthera &lt;/em&gt;ranges from Buru I. (central Moluccas / Wallacea) to Guadalcanal (Solomon Archipel). A second species-group of &lt;em&gt;Neodiphthera &lt;/em&gt;also occurs in Wallacea, this is the &lt;em&gt;venusta&lt;/em&gt;-group. That means that three Papuan-Australian genera of the tribus Saturniini spread into the Wallacea from the Australian Continent (Australia and New Guinea), those are &lt;em&gt;Opodiphthera&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Syntherata&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Neodiphthera&lt;/em&gt;. The &lt;em&gt;sciron&lt;/em&gt;-group of &lt;em&gt;Neodiphthera &lt;/em&gt;is the most widely ranging Papuan-Australian species-group.&lt;br /&gt;
	The Thai/Malay Peninsula not belongs to the Malay Archipelago geographically but is part of Sundaland, also called the Sundaic region. Sundaland is a biogeographical region of southeastern Asia corresponding to a landmass (Sunda Shelf) that was exposed during periods when sea levels were much lower throughout the last 2.6 million years (mya) &amp;ndash; the &amp;ldquo;ice-ages&amp;rdquo;. MacKinnon, Hatta, Halim &amp;amp; Mangalir (1996) reported a sea level that was up to 200 m lower than today, other authors reported up to about 120-130 m for the previous glacial maximum. Sundalands includes the Malay Peninsula in mainland Asia and the continental islands (islands situated onto the Sunda Shelf) of Borneo, Java, Palawan, and Sumatra and their surrounding smaller islands. Each one montane taxon belonging to the mainland Asian genera Saturnia and Rinaca occur in Peninsular Malaysia, too. Those are &lt;em&gt;Saturnia&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;cameronensis &lt;/em&gt;LEMAIRE, 1979 and &lt;em&gt;Rinaca thibeta pahangensis&lt;/em&gt; PAUKSTADT &amp;amp; PAUKSTADT, 2005. Further taxa are distributed in the northern Malay Peninsula but do not cross the Isthmus of Kra southwards. Those are &lt;em&gt;Cachosaturnia cachara&lt;/em&gt; (MOORE, 1872) (&lt;em&gt;Caligula&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Rinaca lesoudieri &lt;/em&gt;LE MOULT, 1933, and&lt;em&gt; Rinaca simla&lt;/em&gt; (WESTWOOD, 1847) (&lt;em&gt;Saturnia&lt;/em&gt;). Regarding the present-day subgeneric distribution of &lt;em&gt;Saturnia&lt;/em&gt;, cf. Rubinoff &amp;amp; Doorenweerd (2020); unfortunately the authors omitted the presence of the genus &lt;em&gt;Rinaca &lt;/em&gt;in Peninsular Malaysia.&lt;br /&gt;
	The genus &lt;em&gt;Actias &lt;/em&gt;LEACH in Leach &amp;amp; Nodder, 1815 occurs in mainland Asia, the Andamans, Taiwan, Hainan and the Malay Archipelago, but the taxa of the &lt;em&gt;felicis&lt;/em&gt;-, &lt;em&gt;sinensis&lt;/em&gt;-, and &lt;em&gt;dulcinea&lt;/em&gt;-groups of this genus do not occur in the Malay Archipelago at all. &lt;em&gt;Loepa &lt;/em&gt;MOORE, 1859 is a further genus widespread in mainland Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago. But the &lt;em&gt;oberthuri&lt;/em&gt;-group, the &lt;em&gt;miranda&lt;/em&gt;-, &lt;em&gt;damartis&lt;/em&gt;-, and the &lt;em&gt;yunnana&lt;/em&gt;-subgroups of the &lt;em&gt;miranda&lt;/em&gt;-group of &lt;em&gt;Loepa &lt;/em&gt;are absent in mainland Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago, except a single taxon of the &lt;em&gt;miranda&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup which occurs in Peninsular Malaysia, too.&lt;br /&gt;
	Certain species or species-groups remain in Sundaland and had never crossed the Isthmus of Kra on the Malay Peninsula to the north. Those are taxa of the Sundaland-subgroup of the &lt;em&gt;elaezia&lt;/em&gt;-group of the genus &lt;em&gt;Cricula &lt;/em&gt;WALKER, 1855, the subgenus &lt;em&gt;Loepantheraea &lt;/em&gt;TOXOPEUS, 1940 of the genus &lt;em&gt;Antheraea &lt;/em&gt;H&amp;Uuml;BNER, [1819] 1816, and the &lt;em&gt;larissa&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup of the &lt;em&gt;paphia/frithi-&lt;/em&gt;group of the subgenus &lt;em&gt;Antheraea &lt;/em&gt;H&amp;Uuml;BNER, [1819] 1816. There might be two reasons possible why certain taxa either never cross the Isthmus of Kra or have since become extinct. One might be caused due to the relatively small landbridge with restricted access to the region behind the Isthmus of Kra. That means passing the Isthmus from inland Southeast Asia to Sundaland and vice versa. Single taxa that happened to pass this bottleneck occasionally might have since become extinct due to the loss of their genetic variability (bottleneck-effect). The second reason can be the circumstance that the Isthmus of Kra has been submerged during the warm periods when the sea level at the Isthmus of Kra has been up to 110 m higher in early Pliocene, cf. Parnell (2013) who studied the flora and Bohlen, Dvoř&amp;aacute;k, Ślechta &amp;amp; Ślechtov&amp;aacute; (2020) who studied the distribution of freshwater fish in that region. A significant biogeographic devide on the Thai/Malay Peninsula assocciated with the Isthmus of Kra was reported, which might be as important as the Wallace&amp;rsquo;s Line in the Malay Archipelago. Since some taxa of the Saturniid fauna are highly dependent on its species specific flora, there will have been a natural barrier at the Isthmus of Kra for certain taxa of the Saturniidae to spread at times.&lt;br /&gt;
	The distribution patterns of various taxa of the family Saturniidae BOISDUVAL, [1837] 1834 in mainland Southeast Asia (including Taiwan, Hainan, and the Andamans), the Malay Archipelago, and Australia (including Tasmania) obviously indicates dispersal of certain species-groups via former land-bridges and most probably island hopping during the Pleistocene but most probably not much earlier. As Rubinoff &amp;amp; Doorenweerd (2020) found for &lt;em&gt;Saturnia &lt;/em&gt;the first splitting off in&lt;em&gt; Saturnia &lt;/em&gt;took place already in early Miocene (-23.1 mya). That means that certain related ancestors of taxa of the family Saturniidae might have spread to the Malay Archipelago much earlier than in early Pleistocene (-5 to 6 mya). However, this can only have happened if islands and land bridges or island chains already existed at that early time. Especially the distribution of the &lt;em&gt;maenas&lt;/em&gt;-group of the genus &lt;em&gt;Actias &lt;/em&gt;in mainland Asia and the Malay Archipelago at least suggests a very early separation (&lt;em&gt;isis &lt;/em&gt;and all plesiomorphic taxa of the &lt;em&gt;groenendaeli&lt;/em&gt;-group) which might be followed by a secondary reinvasion from Sundaland during the glacials and permanent but interrupted gen-flow between the Greater Sunda Islands and mainland Southeast Asia by a single species only (maenas). There are also other species among the Saturniids that are likely candidates for an earlier first colonization of certain islands or archipelagos in the Malay Archipelago. Those are&lt;em&gt; Samia peigleri&lt;/em&gt; NAUMANN &amp;amp; N&amp;Auml;SSIG, 1995 (montane, endemic to Sulawesi), &lt;em&gt;Antheraea pratti&lt;/em&gt; BOUVIER, 1928 (endemic to Sumatra), &lt;em&gt;Cricula sumatrensis&lt;/em&gt; JORDAN, 1939 (endemic to Sumatra), &lt;em&gt;Cricula hayatiae &lt;/em&gt;PAUKSTADT &amp;amp; SUHARDJONO, 1992 (Flores) and the related taxa in the &lt;em&gt;hayatiae&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup of the &lt;em&gt;luzonica&lt;/em&gt;-group (sensu Paukstadt &amp;amp; Paukstadt 2019) (endemic to the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands), the ancestor(s?) of the &lt;em&gt;cordifolia&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup (sensu Holloway, Naumann &amp;amp; N&amp;auml;ssig 1996) (Sulawesi) of the&lt;em&gt; paphia/frithi&lt;/em&gt;-group (sensu N&amp;auml;ssig 1981), and the ancestor of the so far four species of the &lt;em&gt;groenendaeli&lt;/em&gt;-complex (sensu Paukstadt &amp;amp; Paukstadt 2020) (Lesser Sunda Islands) of the &lt;em&gt;maenas&lt;/em&gt;-group (sensu N&amp;auml;ssig 1994). Ylla, Peigler &amp;amp; Kawahara (2005) proposed that the closest extant relative of &lt;em&gt;Actias groenendaeli&lt;/em&gt; ROEPKE, 1954 might be&lt;em&gt; Actias rhodopneuma&lt;/em&gt; (R&amp;Ouml;BER, 1925). We suspect that there are probably even two separate ancestors of the &lt;em&gt;cordifolia&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup. Those are an ancestor for &lt;em&gt;A. cordifolia &lt;/em&gt;WEYMER, 1906 itself due to the morphology of the female antennae and an ancestor for the &lt;em&gt;minahassae &lt;/em&gt;NIEPELT, 1926&amp;ndash;complex, named after the oldest available name in the &lt;em&gt;cordifolia&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup which contains highly variable wild silkmoths endemic to Sulawesi. &lt;em&gt;Attacus lorquinii &lt;/em&gt;C. &amp;amp; R. FELDER, 1861 or its ancestor from the northern Philippines most probably represents a very early taxon of this genus in the Philippines, while &lt;em&gt;A. caesar&lt;/em&gt; MAASSEN, [1872] approached the southern Philippines from Borneo via the Sulu Islands much later. This theorie is supported by comparisons of the larval morphologies of both taxa and of those from taxa of the genus &lt;em&gt;Attacus &lt;/em&gt;from Palawan and Borneo and distribution in the Philippines. Until now, only the geographical conditions during the Pleistocene have been considered, i.e. the distribution of the overseas land mass in the Malay Archipelago during either the warm or cold periods (Pleistocene).&lt;br /&gt;
	The situations become more complex, however, if the time before the Pleistocene is also taken into account, i.e. times since the decay of Gondwana about 145 Ma ago, cf. Grabert (1991). By the way, some of the oldest fossilized insects are about 300 Ma old. Those are species of the now extinct genus &lt;em&gt;Meganeura &lt;/em&gt;BRONGNIART, 1885 (giant dragonflies), cf. Nel et al. (2009, 2012). The island of Palawan could only have served as a land bridge between Borneo and the northern Philippines (Luzon) from around -10 mya, i.e. in the late Miocene, since Palawan was still drifting overseas in the South China Sea southwards to its current position in the early and mid Miocene. In the late Miocene, the islands of the Sulu Archipelago could have been used for island hopping between North Borneo and an island which is known as Luzon today. The southern Philippines had not docked at the time, but drifted from northeast off Sulawesi in a northwesterly direction towards Luzon. Some landbridges from the Asian mainland to the Malay Archipelago and in between the islands of the Malay Archipelago exist very late from early Pliocene (-5 mya). General information on the earth history and continental drift are provided by Diercke Maps (2015) and by Thenius (2012).&lt;br /&gt;
	Various authors reported hotspots for wildlife biodiversity in mainland Southeast Asia and Borneo, cf. Venner (2017). Venner (2017) reported that SE Asia is home to an extraordinary 20% of global plant, animal and marine species and boasts four biodiversity hotspots. Those are the Kui Buri National Park (Thailand), Ba Bể National Park (Vietnam), Nakai Nam Theum National Biodiversity Area (Laos), and the Kinabalu National Park (Borneo). Regarding to the number of species of the wild silkmoths we identify further hotspots for Sumatra and New Guinea based on the number of distinct taxa in the family Saturniidae. At the time present approximately 50 species of the Saturniidae are known for Vietnam, 30 species for Thailand, 23 species for West Malaysia, 25 species for Borneo, 29 species for Sumatra, 17 species for Java, 18 species for Sulawesi, 7 species (including 2 taxa of the Papuan-Australian fauna) for Ambon and Seram, 6 species for Timor, 5 species (including 5 taxa of the Papuan-Australian fauna) for the Aru Archipelago, each 2 species (including each 1 taxon of the Papuan-Australian fauna) for the Kai Archipelago and the Tanimbar Archipelago. The distribution pattern of the taxa of the Saturniidae shows an evidently rapidly decreasing number of taxa from mainland Southeast Asia towards the eastern (Papuan) border of the Moluccas. On the other hands approximately 22 taxa of Saturniidae are known from Australia, 62 taxa from New Guinea (including 6 taxa of the Attacini), and 21 taxa of the Papuan-Australian Saturniidae are known from smaller islands outside of Australia and New Guinea (including the Solomon Islands, New Britain, New Caledonia, and the Moluccas). It is interesting to note that all six Saturniid species thus far recorded for the island of Timor (Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands) belong to Oriental genera, although the island has been located only about 90 km off the Sahul Shelf and therefore very close to Australia during the cold periods. Timor was not at all influenced by the Papuan-Australian fauna, at least as far as the Saturniids were concerned. The northern common cuscus (&lt;em&gt;Phalanger orientalis&lt;/em&gt; PALLAS, 1766), a marsupial known from Timor is thought to be introduced, cf. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. With the exception of &lt;em&gt;Attacus &lt;/em&gt;LINNAEUS, 1767 no taxon of any wild silkmoth genus had managed to spread from Southeast Asia (including the Malay Archipelago) to New Guinea or Australia during the Pleistocene or more recently. While the adelphotaxon of &lt;em&gt;Coscinocera &lt;/em&gt;BUTLER, 1879 might be &lt;em&gt;Attacus&lt;/em&gt;, so far no obvious adelphotaxa can be found for any other genus of the Papuan-Australian fauna in the Malay Archipelago or mainland Southeast Asia. It cannot be ruled out that one or more ancestors of the Papuan-Australian taxa of the Saturniidae even might have originated from southern Gondwana. The fact is that related marsupials are known from Australia and from Chile (South America) and may therefore have had common ancestors in southern Gondwana. From Chile three species of the Chilean Rat Opossums of the genus &lt;em&gt;Dromiciops &lt;/em&gt;THOMAS, 1894 (Microbiotheriidae) are known, which are closely related to Australian taxa, cf. D&amp;rsquo;Elia et al. (2016). Likewise, the ancestors of the ancient &lt;em&gt;Araucaria &lt;/em&gt;family Araucariaceae HENKEL &amp;amp; W. HOCHST. of the Coniferales were spread throughout Gondwana and are now extinct in the northern hemisphere and in Africa. Descendants are still common in New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Islands, Australia, West Malaysia, and South America (Chile, Argentina, southern Brazil), cf. Tudge (2006), and The Gymnosperm Database (last time accessed 09 Sep 2020). In the Malay Archipelago members of the genus &lt;em&gt;Araucaria &lt;/em&gt;JUss. occur on the island of New Guinea only. Also noteworthy is the distribution of the plant genus &lt;em&gt;Nothofagus &lt;/em&gt;BLUME (Nothofagaceae) in the southern hemisphere in southern South America and the Australian region (including New Guinea). The seeds of the ancestors of these trees were found in Antarctica but not in the northern hemisphere, cf. Thenius (2012).&lt;br /&gt;
	Extreme geographic changes occurred in the Malay Archipelago during the glacials. The falling sea level caused the continental islands on the Sunda Shelf to merge with the Southeast Asian mainland. The same happened with islands of the Sahul Shelf. Flora and fauna were able to disperse via the dry shelf regions that means invasion towards the former islands and probably reinvasion as well took place. During the warm periods, these islands separated again from mainland Southeast Asia or Australia and isolated the flora and fauna on them. This happened several times during the Pleistocene. The high biodiversity and the high number of endemic species in the family Saturniidae in the Malay Archipelago are the result of the high diversity of habitats on certain islands and still intact natural ecosystems. Depends on the soil and climate all types of vegetation can be found on various islands, from mangrove swamps, lowland forests, tropical rain forests, deciduous forests to mountain forests beside grassland, dryland, moors, and savannah. Different taxa of the Saturniidae have adapted to this great variability of habitats in various ways.&lt;br /&gt;
	Some possible directions of dispersal can be shown here. We assume the spread from west to east in taxa of the Oriental fauna. An assumed spread from mainland Southeast Asia then inevitably took place via the Malay Peninsula and Borneo to the Philippines, whereby two routes were possible, namely via Palawan and Mindoro or via the Sulu Islands and Mindanao. Another route led through Borneo and Central Sulawesi to the central Moluccas. During the ice-ages the distances via the open sea between Borneo and Central Sulawesi have been approximately 45 km only. There has been a good chance for island hopping (by chance rather?) of certain taxa. Finally there has been a southern route via Sumatra, Java and Bali to the Lesser Sunda Islands concluded from the distribution pattern of some taxa. Several maps are included this work. The attached maps are selfexplanatory and might show that dispersal of the Saturniidae took place by chance rather than as targeted dispersal.&lt;br /&gt;
	Overall, the preparatory work for this compilation and finally the attempt to document the biodiversity and possible directions of dispersal among the Saturniids in the Malay Archipelago had shown that although the number of species described had increased rapidly in the last two decades, this did not necessarily lead to a considerable improvement to general knowledge the Saturniids. There are still very large gaps in knowledge the biology and ecology of the Saturniids, and the distribution limits of individual taxa have also not been adequately researched.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">215</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paukstadt, L.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Überlegungen zur Artenvielfalt der wilden Seidenspinner des Malaiischen Archipels, Teil I: Attacini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beiträge zur Kenntnis der wilden Seidenspinner</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATTACINI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUSTRALIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALAY ARCHIPELAGO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIINAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIINI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-208</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The Malay Archipelago, also commonly known as Kepulauan Melayu (Malay), Kapuluang Malay (Tagalong), Nusantara (Bahasa), Dutch East Indies (today Indonesia), Spanish East Indies (today Philippines), Indo-Australian Archipelago and largely Maritime Southeast Asia separates the Indian and the Pacific Oceans and separates mainland Asia from Australia, too. The Malay Archipelago of over 25,000 islands and islets is the largest archipelago by area in the world. The land and sea area exceeds 2 million km2. The Malay Archipelago extends in its greatest west-east dimension from the northwestern tip of Sumatra to the southeastern tip of New Guinea for about 6,470 km and its greatest north-south dimension from the Babuyan Islands north of Luzon to Pulau Roti southwesterly of Timor for 3,560 km (distances taken from Google Maps). The Malay Archipelago includes the political units Brunei, East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), East Timor, Indonesia, parts of Papua New Guinea, and finally the Philippines. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the northwest and the Bismarck Archipelago in the east of the Malay Archipelago are excluded. The Malay Peninsula is also not included, although there are close zoogeographical relationships with the southwestern region of the Malay Archipelago. The main islands or archipelagos in Indonesia include the Greater Sunda Islands (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi), the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Alor Islands, Sumba, and Timor), the Moluccas (Ambon, Seram, Kai Islands, Aru Islands, Tanimbar Islands, Babar Islands, Barat Daya Islands, Buru, Obi, Bacan, and Halmahera), and the western part of New Guinea (only the larger and more commonly known islands were listed). The eastern part of New Guinea forms the state of Papua New Guinea. The main islands in the Philippines are Luzon, Mindanao, and the Visayas. The islands of the Malay Archipelago enclose the Sulu, Sibuyan (also Sibu), Samar, Visayas, Bohol, Celebes, Banda, Molucca, Java, Flores, and Savu Seas. Further Straits (e.g., Luzon, Mindoro, Sunda, Makassar, and Lombok Strait) and Passages (e.g., Apo East, Verde Island, Mompog, Ticao, and Burias Passage) are more or less isolating islands within the Malay Archipelago. The Malay Archipelago is separated from mainland Asia by the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea, from Taiwan by the Bashi Channel and from Australia by the Timor and Arafura Sea and the Torres Strait. Geologically, the western region of the Malay Archipelago (Greater Sunda Islands, excluding Sulawesi) lies on the Sunda Shelf and the eastern region, namely New Guinea and the Aru Archipelago lies on the Sahul Shelf. The Archipelago is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world and part of the approximately 40,000 kilometers long Circum-Pacific-Belt (Ring of Fire) which is characterized by some active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. On the islands of Sumatra, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands volcanic activities produced many volcanoes over 3,000 m, while tectonic uplifts resulted in high mountain ranges on Borneo, including the Mt. Kinabalu (4,095 m) and the Indonesian western part of New Guinea, including Puncak Jaya (4,884 m), Puncak Mandala (4,760 m), and Puncak Trikora (4,750 m). Due to the position of the Malay Archipelago along the Equator the climate throughout the Malay Archipelago is mainly tropical but locally rather complex due to the topography of the islands.&lt;br /&gt;
	In the past the Sunda and the Sahul Shelf areas of the Malay Archipelago had repeatedly fallen dry to varying degree during the ice-ages. As a result, continental islands of the Sunda Shelf were repeatedly merged with the Asian mainland and those of the Sahul Shelf with Australia, and had separated again during the warm periods. During the ice-ages, the temperatures in the region, which we now call as the Archipelago were significantly lower, which also caused the tree line / snow line to be much lower than today. At least there were glaciers on Borneo, Sumatra and New Guinea. Low temperatures and a different climate had a big impact on the fauna and flora. However, Sulawesi (Celebes) and many islands of the Moluccas and the Lesser Sunda Islands were neither connected to mainland Asia nor to Australia during one of the ice-ages but smaller islands in this region were occasionally connected to each other forming either land bridges or allow island hopping due to the fact that distances between islands and also between islands and nearby continents became much shorter. This led to the emergence of two major distribution areas for fauna and flora in the Malay Archipelago, namely the Oriental Region in the western part and the Australian Region in the eastern part of the Archipelago, respectively. Though Sulawesi, the central region of the Moluccas, and the Lesser Sunda Islands were neither connected to the Sunda Shelf nor to the Sahul Shelf an influence from both large regions is evident today. This is a so called buffer zone, a transitional zone, which can be characterized by a mixture of Asian and Australian fauna and flora elements, consequently with a very high percentage of endemic species. The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace noticed during his scientific exploration of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago (1854 to 1862), a clear division of Asian and Australian species. He has drawn a line which runs at sea through the Dutch East Indies (today Indonesia), between Borneo and Sulawesi in the north and between Bali and Lombok in the south. This line was named Wallace&amp;rsquo;s Line by the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley and separates the Biogeographical realms of Asia and Wallacea. The Wallace&amp;rsquo;s Line was modified by Huxley (he included the Philippines except Palawan) and Mayr (he excluded the Philippines). The Wallacea is the transitional zone in between the Wallace&amp;rsquo;s Line and the Lydekker Line. The Lydekker Line mostly follows the border of the Sahul Shelf. The Australian genus &lt;em&gt;Eucalyptus &lt;/em&gt;does not cross the Wallace&amp;rsquo;s Line but remaining flora does not follow this line to the same extent as the fauna does. Small rodents and plants whose seeds cannot tolerate sea-water were not able to cross even narrow water barriers between islands. Since the wild silkmoths only live for a few days, their mobility is very limited. If there has been any long-distance dispersal possible in the past, then only via land or land bridges, due to island hopping, or in certain large weather situations with the help of (rather by chance) winds such as monsoon winds or trade winds. Accidental carry-over during the migration waves of humans together with their agricultural plants would also be possible for certain species and, of course, a targeted spread of individual wild silkmoth species in the context of other use (i.g., silk production, food, and other products).&lt;br /&gt;
	The following facts obviously played an important role in the extraordinarily high biodiversity of the Saturniidae of the Malay Archipelago: low mobility due to the short-lived nature of the imagines, repeated connections of the continental islands to mainland Southeast Asia and Australia via dry continental shelf regions during the ice-ages caused by much lower sea level, as well as repeated isolations of the same continental islands from the mainlands due to rising sea levels during the warm periods, repeated temporary emergences of land bridges and temporary opportunities for island hopping during or just after the ice-ages, drastic changes in the flora during the ice-ages and post-glacials, the special geographical location of individual islands or archipelagos, the topography of the islands, climatic conditions, and finally more important the insular isolation of individual islands or archipelagos. Major volcanic eruptions in the past, e.g. Toba / Sumatra (74,000 years ago), Samalas / Lombok (in 1257), Tambora / Sumbawa (in 1815), Krakatau / Sunda Strait (in 1883), Pinatubo / Luzon (in ca. 1465), and Apo / Mindanao (unknown) can also have had impacts on the biodiversity and distribution of Saturniidae in the Malay Archipelago. A distribution as a cultural follower (&amp;ldquo;Kulturfolger&amp;rdquo;) cannot be ruled out for some species in mainland Asia and the Malay Archipelago, as well as an economic use and distribution in silkworm breeding.&lt;br /&gt;
	All these peculiarities contributed to a high biodiversity in the fauna and flora of the Malay Archipelago, though certain mainland Asian taxa of the family Saturniidae are absent in the Malay Archipelago: &lt;em&gt;Aglia &lt;/em&gt;OCHSENHEIMER, 1810 (Agliinae) and &lt;em&gt;Salassa &lt;/em&gt;MOORE, 1859 (Salassinae), &lt;em&gt;Cachosaturnia &lt;/em&gt;NAUMANN, L&amp;Ouml;FFLER &amp;amp; N&amp;Auml;SSIG, 2012, &lt;em&gt;Neoris &lt;/em&gt;MOORE, 1862, &lt;em&gt;Rhodinia &lt;/em&gt;STAUDINGER, 1892, &lt;em&gt;Rinaca &lt;/em&gt;WALKER, 1855, &lt;em&gt;Saturnia &lt;/em&gt;VON PAULA SCHRANK, 1802, the taxa of the &lt;em&gt;watsoni&lt;/em&gt;-complex of the genus &lt;em&gt;Samia &lt;/em&gt;H&amp;Uuml;BNER, [1819], &lt;em&gt;Solus &lt;/em&gt;WATSON, 1913, and &lt;em&gt;Sinobirma &lt;/em&gt;BRYK, 1944 (Saturniinae). This probably happened with some non-Southeast Asian taxa because they could never cross the Himalaya and its foothills and with montane taxa, since connecting mountain ranges between the Himalayan foothills (e.g., Cameron Highlands / Peninsular Malaysia and the Annamese Cordillera or Truong Son mountain range / Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) and similar high mountain ranges in the Archipelago (e.g., Barisan Range / Sumatra and Crocker Range / Borneo) never exist. Taxa of these genera did never find their way to the Archipelago due to isolation caused by topography. The &lt;em&gt;Pinus&lt;/em&gt;-eating taxa of the genus &lt;em&gt;Actias &lt;/em&gt;LEACH in Leach &amp;amp; Nodder, 1815 are also missing in the Malay Archipelago, at least they have not yet been found, although large autochthonous pine forests exist, for example, in the interior of Sumatra. With the exception of the &lt;em&gt;maenas&lt;/em&gt;- and &lt;em&gt;selene&lt;/em&gt;-groups, none of the mainland Asian species-groups of the genus &lt;em&gt;Actias &lt;/em&gt;found their way to the Malay Archipelago and a few lowland taxa of the Saturniidae of the Malay Archipelago never found their way across the Isthmus of Kra on the Malay Peninsula towards mainland Asia, e.g., taxa of the subgenus &lt;em&gt;Loepantheraea &lt;/em&gt;TOXOPEUS, 1940 and of the &lt;em&gt;larissa&lt;/em&gt;-subgroup (sensu Brechlin 2014) of the &lt;em&gt;paphia/frithi&lt;/em&gt;-group (sensu N&amp;auml;ssig 1991) of the subgenus &lt;em&gt;Antheraea &lt;/em&gt;H&amp;Uuml;BNER, [1819] 1816. The present distribution pattern among the Saturniids may also confirm the temporary existence of land bridges in prehistoric times.&lt;br /&gt;
	New collections of wild silkmoths and genetic studies (by BOLD) have confirmed numerous new taxa and new distribution limits in the Malay Archipelago, cf. Paukstadt &amp;amp; Paukstadt (2020a, b). In this contribution to knowledge the wild silkmoths the current distribution of so far recognized Saturniid taxa in the Malay Archipelago is presented and compared with mainland Asia and Australia. Probable dispersal directions and invasion ways are shown. This contribution is based on our current state of knowledge about the Saturniidae of the Malay Archipelago and represents a revision and addition to an almost similar older publication on the same theme, cf. Paukstadt &amp;amp; Paukstadt (2004).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sublett, C.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cook, J.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janovec, J.P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species richness and community composition of sphingid moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along an elevational gradient in southeast Peru</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zoologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMUNITY STRUCTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PERU</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e32938</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;A clear low-elevation skewed unimodal richness pattern is presented for hawkmoths in Southeast Peru. Several hypotheses offer plausible explanations for such a distribution. The effects of water-energy dynamics are partially supported by a strong correlation between temperature and species richness at higher elevations. Further, hypotheses of plant diversity influences on hawkmoth ranges are supported by species richness peaking in transitional habitats. Sphingid subfamilies do not appear to be influenced by habitat type or elevational factors, such as temperature. This may make subfamily analysis a poor means of characterizing sphingid community composition unless study sites vary in the level of disturbance. This study documents 134 species in 23 genera of Sphingidae from five Southeastern Peru sites from the 7,545 specimens collected for the study.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e32938</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabl, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gottsberger, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brehm, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hofhansl, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fiedler, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moth assemblages in Costa Rica rain forest mirror small‐scale topographic heterogeneity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biotropica</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COSTA RICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EREBIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GEOMETRIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HERBIVORY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OROGRAPHIC HETEROGENEITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12677</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XX</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XXX-XXX [14 pp.]</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;In many tropical lowland rain forests, topographic variation increases environmental heterogeneity, thus contributing to the extraordinary biodiversity of tropical lowland forests. While a growing number of studies have addressed effects of topographic differences on tropical insect communities at regional scales (e.g., along extensive elevational gradients), surprisingly little is known about topographic effects at smaller spatial scales. The present study investigates moth assemblages in a topographically heterogeneous lowland rain forest landscape, at distances of less than a few hundred meters, in the Golfo Dulce region (SW Costa Rica). Three moth lineages&amp;mdash;Erebidae&amp;ndash;Arctiinae (tiger and lichen moths), the bombycoid complex, and Geometridae (inchworm moths)&amp;mdash;were examined by means of automatic light traps in three different forest types: creek forest, slope forest, and ridge forest. Altogether, 6,543 individuals of 419 species were observed. Moth assemblages differed significantly between the three forest types regarding species richness, total abundance, and species composition. Moth richness and abundance increased more than fourfold and eightfold from creek over slope to ridge forest sites. All three taxonomic units showed identical biodiversity patterns, notwithstanding their strong differences in multiple eco‐morphological traits. An indicator species analysis revealed that most species identified as characteristic were associated either with the ridge forest alone or with ridge plus slope forests, but very few with the creek forest. Despite their mobility, local moth assemblages are highly differentially filtered from the same regional species pool. Hence, variation in environmental factors significantly affects assemblages of tropical moth species at small spatial scales.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early view</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XXX</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Braga, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diniz, I.R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Can Saturniidae moths be bioindicators? Spatial and temporal distribution in the Brazilian savannah</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Insect Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CERRADO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDICATOR GROUP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHENOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEASONALITY</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-018-0076-6</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">487-497</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Some moths species are considered good indicators of habitat quality because they are very responsive to human disturbance, vegetation type, and successional processes. However, Saturniidae moths have not yet been considered as indicators of environmental quality. Little is known on the distribution of moth species in different vegetation types and the moths&amp;rsquo; seasonal variations in the Brazilian savannah. Therefore, this study aims to describe the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of moths belonging to the Saturniidae family in two vegetation types&amp;mdash;Cerrado sensu stricto on rocky outcrops and semideciduous forest&amp;mdash;in both the rainy and dry seasons. It addresses the influence of the climatic seasons and vegetation types on abundance, richness, and species composition to describe the temporal and spatial distribution patterns and the relationship between the ecological aspects and the life history of these moths. This study was conducted in the Cerrado phytogeographical domain, in Pireneus State Park, Goi&amp;aacute;s, Brazil. The results revealed that most Saturniidae species sampled are present during the rainy season and typically found in forest habitats. Furthermore, a clear positive connection was found between the abundance pattern and rainfall seasonality and humid habitats; this is apparently related to the physiological tolerance of these moths, due to rudimentary mouthparts during their adulthood. Thus, rainfall and a forest habitat are important to and fundamental requirements for the persistence of the Saturniidae species in the Cerrado domain. Based on the results of this study, we suggest the use of saturniid species as indicators of changes in vegetation and climatic conditions.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">487</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takano, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ballesteros-Mejia, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McCain, C.M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field sampling is biased against small‑ranged species of high conservation value: a case study on the sphingid moths of East Africa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISTRIBUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RANGE SIZE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TANZANIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UNDERSAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZAMBIA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1613-z</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3533-3544</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The range size of species co-occurring in local assemblages is a pivotal variable in assessments of a site&amp;rsquo;s conservation value. Assemblages featuring many small-ranged species are given more priority than assemblages consisting mainly of wide-ranging species. However, the assembly of relevant information can be challenging and local range size distributions of tropical invertebrates are rarely available for conservation planning. We present such data for sphingid moths in East Africa, a highly diverse region of high conservation value. We compare geographic range size distributions based on field samples with&amp;nbsp; predictions from modelled range map data. Using this system as a case study, we provide evidence for a systematic sampling bias when inferring average local range sizes from field data. Unseen species (i.e., species present but missed in local sampling) are often those with small ranges (hence, of high conservation value). Using an elevational gradient, we illustrate how this bias can lead to false, counterintuitive assessments of environmental effects on local range size distributions. Furthermore, with particular reference to sphingid moths in the study region, we show that current protected areas appear unrelated to the spatial distribution of species richness or average geographic range sizes at a local scale. We discuss the need to treat field sampled data with caution and in concert with other data sources such as probabilistic models.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3533</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vieira, K.C.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moraes, S.de S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiquetto-Machado, P.I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from a fragment of Atlantic rainforest in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florida Entomologist</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RAREFACTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0153</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342-348</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Encarnação, E.R.O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversidade comparada de traças nocturnas no PNQ e na Baia de Pemba</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLIGHT PERIOD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MOZAMBIQUE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHENOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universidade Lúrio</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cabo Delgado, Mozambique</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B.Sc.</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">viii + 43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nardi, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spada, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Note su due specie di Hemaris della fauna italiana (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bollettino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHERONTIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HEMARIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ITALY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73-85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wickham, J.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of a tropical hawkmoth (family Sphingidae) community in an Atlantic lowland rainforest</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHAO 1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHAO 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COSTA RICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JACKKNIFE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">State University of New York College at Fredonia</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredonia</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MSc</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanhove, M.P.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jocque, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mann, D.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waters, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creedy, T.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuñez-Miño, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaglia, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casteels, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small sample, substantial contribution: additions to the Honduran hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) fauna based on collections from a mountainous protected area (Cusuco National Park)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Insect Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADHEMARIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUMORPHA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HONDURAS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XYLOPHANES</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">629-633</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">629</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Touroult, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Gall, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Les Sphingidae du Sud-Benin: étude de la faune des ilots forestiers et des milieux adjacents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lambillionea</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BENIN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOREST ISLANDS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDICATOR GROUP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2001</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">101</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275-284</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Núñez_Bustos, E.O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inventario de la familia Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Heterocera, Sphingoidea), Refugio Vida Silvestre Yacutinga, provincia de Misiones - Argentina</style></title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Informe Preliminar del Proyecto. Refugio de Vida Silvestre Yacutinga - Programa Refugios de Vida Silvestre</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARGENTINA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHECKLIST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martins, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, S. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distance and quality of natural habitat influence hawkmoth pollination of cultivated papaya</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Tropical Insect Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRICULTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CARICACEAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EAST AFRICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HABITAT DISTURBANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIPPOTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEPHELE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATOR SPECIFICITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">114-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewandowski, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewandowski-Krenz, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Ägypten (Lepidoptera), Teil 1: Familien Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Sphingidae, Lasiocampidae; sowie Erebidae: Unterfamilien Lymantriinae und Arctiinae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo (N.F.)</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHERONTIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DAPHNIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EGYPT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FOODPLANT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LASIOCAMPA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LASIOCAMPIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SURROGATES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-184</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">N.F.</style></notes><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Léon-Cortés, J.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soberón-Mainero, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorente-Bousquets, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessing completeness of Mexican sphinx moth inventories through species accumulation functions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Distributions</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estimating regional species richness of tropical insects from museum data: a comparison of a geography-based and sample-based methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Applied Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INCOMPLETE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEPIDOPTERA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WS2M</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">???</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">???-???</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identifying complementary areas for conservation in Thailand: an example using owls, hawkmoths and tiger beetles</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CICINDELIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMPLEMENTARITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRIORITY AREAS ANALYSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THAILAND</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00054738</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">841-858</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">841</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janzen, D.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hajibabaei, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burns, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallwachs, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remigio, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hebert, P.D.N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wedding biodiversity inventory of a large and complex Lepidoptera fauna with DNA barcoding</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BARCODING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COSTA RICA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CRYPTIC SPECIES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HESPERIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAXONOMY</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1835-1845</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hawes, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of landscape level disturbance on Amazonian moth assemblages</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Environmental Sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABUNDANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMUNITY STRUCTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSERVATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of East Anglia</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norwich</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M.Sc.</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duarte_Jr, J.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlindwein, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hawkmoth fauna of a Northern Atlantic rain forest remnant (Sphingidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BRAZIL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://images.peabody.yale.edu/lepsoc/jls/2000s/2008/2008-62-2-071.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71-79</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 21.47%; top: 32%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00685);&quot;&gt;We present results of a year-long faunistic survey of Sphingidae of the Brazilian northern Atlantic rain forest. The study was un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 33.11%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01911);&quot;&gt;dertaken between August 2003 and July 2004, at the Private Nature Reserve (RPPN) Frei Caneca in the state of Pernambuco. Hawkmoths were &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 34.23%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0122);&quot;&gt;captured using a 250-watt mercury-vapor light trap positioned against a white wall. We recorded 379 individuals of 50 species in 19 genera. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03645);&quot;&gt;most abundant species were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.59%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 27.91%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0179);&quot;&gt;Erinnyis ello&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 34.55%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 34.87%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 35.19%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01709);&quot;&gt;E. alope&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 39.42%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 39.74%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 40.05%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00805);&quot;&gt;Neogene dynaeus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 49.12%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 49.44%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05125);&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 51.36%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 51.68%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01752);&quot;&gt;Protambulyx astygonus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 63.85%; top: 35.34%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02412);&quot;&gt;, which accounted for 44.2% of the collected &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 36.45%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01413);&quot;&gt;individuals. More than one individual was recorded for all but eight species. Hawkmoths abundance was lowest in the months with intense rain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 37.56%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02326);&quot;&gt;fall. The sphingid fauna of northeastern Brazil is compared with that of the Amazonian and southern Atlantic rain forest as well as with the ad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 38.67%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02055);&quot;&gt;jacent caatinga, a tropical dry forest with abundant succulent plants. Species composition of&amp;nbsp; Sphingidae of the northern Atlantic rain forest was &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;left: 12.86%; top: 39.78%; font-size: calc(var(--scale-factor)*8.00px); font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02051);&quot;&gt;most similar to that of the Amazonian forest.&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haxaire, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The latitudinal distribution of sphingid species richness in continental Southeast Asia: what causes the biodiversity 'hotspot' in northern Thailand?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HOTSPOTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PENINSULA EFFECT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RANGE SIZE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RICHNESS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAMPLING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THAILAND</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179-185</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">179</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linsenmair, K. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of habitat disturbance can be subtle yet significant: biodiversity of hawkmoth-assemblages (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in Southeast-Asia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity and Conservation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BORNEO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COMMUNITY STRUCTURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HABITAT DISTURBANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">465-486</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOI 10.1007/s10531-005-0306-6; ; ;</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linsenmair, K. E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallace's line revisited: has vicariance or dispersal shaped the distribution of Malesian hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIOGEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISPERSALISM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PRESTON CoeFFICIENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VICARIANCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WALLACE'S LINE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">89</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">455-468</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beck, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitching, I. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Untitled</style></title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.biozentrum/uni-wuerzburg.de/gradkoll/arthropoden/SphingidaeSEA/SphinSEA{Ihome.htm} {I%T The Sphingidae of Southeast-Asia (incl. New Guinea, Bismarck and Solomon Islands). Version 1.3}</style></tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BIODIVERSITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CATE DIAGNOSIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHECKLIST</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DISTRIBUTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOUTHEAST ASIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WORLDMAP1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>