<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yack, J.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fullard, J.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The mechanoreceptive origin of insect tympanal organs: a comparative study of similar nerves in tympanate and atympanate moths</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of Comparative Neurology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACTIAS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT MORPHOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NERVOUS SYSTEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOCTUIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SATURNIIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYMPANAL ORGANS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523-534</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">523</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stekol'nikov, A.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zolotuhin, V.V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogenetic position of subfamilies of the Palaearctic lasiocampids (Lepidoptera) based on skeleton and musculature of male genitalia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Seriya 3, Biologiya </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHONDROSTEGA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ERIOGASTER</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GENITAL MUSCULATURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LASIOCAMPIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MALE GENITALIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYLOGENY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POECILOCAMPA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TAKANEA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994?</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26-32</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dahake, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jain, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogt, C.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kandalaft, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stroock, A.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raguso, R.A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A signal-like role for floral humidity in a nocturnal pollination system</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT FEEDING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT MORPHOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANTENNAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DATURA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELECTROANTENNOGRAM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FLORAL HUMIDITY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PHYSIOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">POLLINATION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SENSILLA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SOLANACEAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STOMATA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35353-8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7773</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Previous studies have considered floral humidity to be an inadvertent consequence of nectar evaporation, which could be exploited as a cue by nectarseeking pollinators. By contrast, our interdisciplinary study of a nightblooming flower, &lt;em&gt;Datura wrightii&lt;/em&gt;, and its hawkmoth pollinator, &lt;em&gt;Manduca sexta&lt;/em&gt;, reveals that floral relative humidity acts as a mutually beneficial signal in this system. The distinction between cue- and signal-based functions is illustrated by three experimental findings. First, floral humidity gradients in &lt;em&gt;Datura &lt;/em&gt;are nearly ten-fold greater than those reported for other species, and result from active (stomatal conductance) rather than passive (nectar evaporation) processes. These humidity gradients are sustained in the face of wind and are reconstituted within seconds of moth visitation, implying substantial physiological costs to these desert plants. Second, the water balance costs in &lt;em&gt;Datura &lt;/em&gt;are compensated through increased visitation by &lt;em&gt;Manduca &lt;/em&gt;moths, with concomitant increases in pollen export.We show that moths are innately attracted to humid flowers, even when floral humidity and nectar rewards are experimentally decoupled. Moreover, moths can track minute changes in humidity via antennal hygrosensory sensilla but fail to do so when these sensilla are experimentally occluded. Third, their preference for humid flowers benefits hawkmoths by reducing the energetic costs of flower handling during nectar foraging. Taken together, these findings suggest that floral humidity may function as a signal mediating the final stages of floral choice by hawkmoths, complementing the attractive functions of visual and olfactory signals beyond the floral threshold in this nocturnal plant-pollinator system.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7773</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinwald, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bauder, J.A.-S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karolyi, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neulinger, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jaros, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metscher, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krenn, H.W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Morphology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHERONTIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DEILEPHILA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EUMORPHA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EURYGLOTTIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HYLOICUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MACROGLOSSUM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICRO-CT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIMAS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MUSCULATURE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NEOCOCYTIUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PACHYLIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBOSCIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROTAMBULYX</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SENSILLA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SMERINTHUS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XYLOPHANES</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.21510</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">283</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1390-1410</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar‐feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey‐feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar‐feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip. The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey‐feeding species &lt;em&gt;Acherontia atropos&lt;/em&gt;. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine‐tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1390</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brehm, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorb, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kleinteich, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kühn, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neubert, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pohl, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wipfler, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wurdinger, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The unique sound production of the Death's-head hawkmoth (Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758)) revisited</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naturwissenschaften</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACHERONTIA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACOUSTICS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT FEEDING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ADULT MORPHOLOGY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIGH-SPEED VIDEOGRAPHY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAMMOGRAPHY CT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MICRO-CT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PROBOSCIS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SQUEAKING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">X-RAY VIDEOGRAPHY</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;When disturbed, adults of the Death&amp;rsquo;s-head hawkmoth (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae: &lt;em&gt;Acherontia atropos&lt;/em&gt;) produce short squeaks by drawing in and deflating air into and out of the pharynx as a defence mechanism. We took a new look at Prell&amp;rsquo;s hypothesis of a two-phase mechanism by providing new insights into the functional morphology behind the pharyngeal sound production of this species. First, we compared the head anatomy of &lt;em&gt;A. atropos&lt;/em&gt; with another sphingid species, &lt;em&gt;Manduca sexta&lt;/em&gt;, by using micro-computed tomography (CT) and 3D reconstruction methods. Despite differences in feeding behaviour and capability of sound production in the two species, the musculature in the head is surprisingly similar. However, &lt;em&gt;A. atropos&lt;/em&gt; has a much shorter proboscis and a modified epipharynx with a distinct sclerotised lobe projecting into the opening of the pharynx. Second, we observed the sound production in vivo with X-ray videography, mammography CT and high-speed videography. Third, we analysed acoustic pressure over time and spectral frequency composition of six &lt;em&gt;A. atropos&lt;/em&gt; specimens, both intact and with a removed proboscis. Single squeaks of &lt;em&gt;A. atropos&lt;/em&gt; last for ca. 200 ms and consist of an inflation phase, a short pause and a deflation phase. The inflation phase is characterised by a burst of ca. 50 pulses with decreasing pulse frequency and a major frequency peak at ca. 8 kHz, followed by harmonics ranging up to more than 60 kHz. The deflation phase is characterised by a less clear acoustic pattern, a lower amplitude and more pronounced peaks in the same frequency range. The removal of the proboscis resulted in a significantly shortened squeak, a lower acoustic pressure level and a slightly more limited frequency spectrum. We hypothesise that the uptake of viscous honey facilitated the evolution of an efficient valve at the opening of the pharynx (i.e. a modified epipharynx), and that sound production could relatively easily have evolved based on this morphological pre-adaptation.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yack, J.E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A multiterminal stretch receptor, chordotonal organ, and hair plate at the wing-hinge of Manduca sexta: unravelling the mystery of the noctuid moth ear B cell</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Comparative Neurology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NERVOUS SYSTEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYMPANAL ORGANS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cne.903240404</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">500-508</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The present study aims to shed light on the evolutionary origin of the B cell, a sensory element of unknown function in the noctuid moth ear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;article-section__content en main&quot;&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Peripheral projections of the metathoracic nerve IIIN1b1, homologue of the noctuid moth tympanic nerve, are described in the atympanate moth &lt;i&gt;Manduca sexta&lt;/i&gt; on the basis of dissections with the aid of Janus Green B, and intracellular tracer dyes Lucifer yellow and cobalt lysine. A large multiterminal (Type II) neurone, attaching to membranous cuticle ventral to the hind wing axillary cord, was discovered. This cell appears to be homologous to the B cell in the noctuid moth ear. Recordings from the IIIN1b1 nerve in &lt;i&gt;M. sexta&lt;/i&gt; reveal a continuous train of large, uniform spikes, presumed to originate From the multiterminal cell. This unit increases its rate of firing in response to hind wing elevation, suggesting that it functions as a stretch receptor monitoring wing movements during flight. Also identified in the tympanic nerve homologue, and closely associated with the multiterminal cell, were a chordotonal organ and hair plate. The chordotonal organ consists of a proximal scolopidial region and a distal strand that attaches to the sclerotized epimeron slightly medial to the multiterminal cell. This simple chordotonal organ, having three uniterminal (Type I) sensory cells, is homologous to the auditory cells of the noctuid moth ear.&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;The significance of these receptors as proprioceptors in &lt;i&gt;M. sexta&lt;/i&gt;, and as evolutionary precursors to the noctuid moth ear, is discussed.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">500</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yack, J.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fullard, J.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proprioceptive activity of the wing-hinge stretch receptor in Manduca sexta and other atympanate moths: a study of the noctuoid moth ear B cell homologue</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Comparative Physiology A</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANATOMY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MANDUCA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NERVOUS SYSTEM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPHINGIDAE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TYMPANAL ORGANS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00212694</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">173</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301-307</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;A multiterminal neurone, recently identified at the wing-hinge of the atympanate moth &lt;i&gt;Manduca sexta&lt;/i&gt;, is shown to respond as a proprioceptor monitoring elevatory movements of the hind wing. Extracellular recordings from the individual receptor axon confirm this cell to be the source of the spontaneous and regular discharge observed in previous recordings of peripheral nerve 3N1b1. When the wing is raised, this tonic discharge rate increases proportionally with the angle of elevation. When the wing is displaced sinusoidally at a low frequency, the receptor discharge is modulated throughout the wing beat, increasing steadily to a maximum at the top of the upstroke, then slowly decreasing to a minimum at the bottom of the downstroke. At higher wing-beat frequencies, a phasic burst of activity occurs near the top of the upstroke, followed by a silent period during the down-stroke. Video-microscopic observations of the wing-hinge during active, stationary flight suggest that the receptor is stimulated by the stretching of its peripheral attachment, the subalar membrane. Stretch receptor sensitivity to wing movement is demonstrated in representatives of 4 lepidopteran families, suggesting that the proprioceptive response is widespread among the Lepidoptera. The functional role of the wing-hinge receptor, and its proposed homologous relationship to both the B cell of the noctuoid moth ear, and the locust wing-hinge stretch receptor are discussed.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A</style></notes><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yack, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scudder, G. G. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fullard, J. 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