Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory

Creating a taxonomic e-science

The evolution of two distinct strategies of moth flight

Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2021
Authors:B. R. Aiello, Sikandar, U. B., Minoguchi, H., Bhinderwala, B., Hamilton, C. A., Kawahara, A. Y., Sponberg, S.
Journal:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
Volume:18
Start Page:202106v32
Pagination:20210632
Date Published:11/2021
Keywords:AERODYNAMICS, EVOLUTION, FLIGHT CONTROL, KINEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY, MORPHOMETRICS, SATURNIIDAE, SPHINGIDAE, WING LOADING, WING SHAPE
Abstract:

"Across insects, wing shape and size have undergone dramatic divergence even in closely related sister groups. However, we do not know how morphology changes in tandem with kinematics to support body weight within available power and how the specific force production patterns are linked to differences in behaviour. Hawkmoths and wild silkmoths are diverse sister families with divergent wing morphology. Using three-dimensional kinematics and quasisteady aerodynamic modelling,we compare the aerodynamics and the contributions of wing shape, size and kinematics in 10 moth species. We find that wing movement also diverges between the clades and underlies two distinct strategies for flight.Hawkmoths use wing kinematics, especially high frequencies, to enhance force and wing morphologies that reduce power. Silkmoths use wing morphology to enhance force, and slow, high-amplitude wingstrokes to reduce power. Both strategies converge on similar aerodynamic power and can support similar body weight ranges. However, inter-clade within-wingstroke force profiles are quite different and linked to the hovering flight of hawkmoths and the bobbing flight of silkmoths. These two moth groups fly more like other, distantly related insects than they do each other, demonstrating the diversity of flapping flight evolution and a rich bioinspired design space for robotic flappers."

URL:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0632
DOI:10.1098/rsif.2021.0632
Taxonomic name: 
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith