Hippotion brennus
A variable species in colour and pattern with three distinct forms (brennus, funebris and rubribrenna) and some intermediates.
Frons and upperside of labial palps dark brown. Upperside of thorax with a medial white stripe (and so distinguishing the species from Hippotion johanna). Upperside of abdomen with a pair of silvery-white subdorsal spots on the posterior edges of segments 4-7. Forewing upperside ground colour brown with darker brown transverse lines and bands. In form brennus, only the medial dark brown band is prominent, its basal edge rather sharply delineated and its distal margin diffuse. The transverse pattern elements are more conspicuous in form funebris and most prominent in form rubribrenna, in which the pattern is highly contrasting. Hindwing upperside orange with a narrow brown marginal band (form brennus), sometimes with a diffuse brown basal patch (form rubribrenna) or almost entirely dark brown with only faint traces of orange (form funebris).
Male genitalia: Very similar to Hippotion rafflesii rafflesii but: phallus apical process with very few or no teeth on the left; the single tooth on the right may be small or prominent