Psilogramma angelika Eitschberger, 2004 [Invalid]

Synonymized with Psilogramma sulawesica by Kitching and Rougerie et al., 2018, Biodivers. Data J. 6: e22236. Psilogramma angelika was described as being similar to “Psilogramma milleri” (i.e. Psilogramma sulawesica) in size, colour and pattern, with the purported differences being restricted to the genitalia. In contrast to “Psilogramma milleri” and Psilogramma villani, the vesica was stated to be the only species in the group bear three, rather than two, diverticula. However, this is incorrect as Psilogramma sulawesica also has three such diverticula. Otherwise, in Psilogramma angelika, the vesica differed in being angled just before the origin of the diverticula, the corpus bursae was not angled relative to the long axis of the ductus bursae, and the signum was less well developed. Shape features of membranous structures in hawkmoth genitalia are variable depending on, for example, whether the moths have mated (which stretches both the vesica and the bursa copulatrix) and the fullness of the eversion or inflation of the structures. With regard to the development of the signum, this is also individually highly variable, and can range from absent to well developed within species. Differences in none of these structures are here considered to be indicative of species status. Furthermore, DNA barcode analysis shows an average distance of only 1% between the populations from Sulawesi and Seram. Consequently, there is no justification for maintaining P. angelika as a species.