Hyloicus caligineus
Very similar to Hyloicus pinastri, but differs in the following:hindwing less elongate; antenna proportionately longer; foretibia with fewer spines; midtibia with no spines other than sometimes some minute apical ones; hindtarsal 1st segment shorter than hindtibia, as long as segments 2-5 together; hindtibia with long apical spur less than half the length of 1st hindtarsal segment. Forewing upperside darker brown than Hyloicus caligineus sinicus, which is more grey-brown, and Hyloicus caligineus brunnescens, which is intermediate, having both greyish and brownish forms.
Male genitalia: Similar to those of Hyloicuspinastri, but: uncus longer and much narrower; gnathos sinuate, more obviously so than in Hyloicus caligineus sinicus, not completely divided mesially; valve more rounded; harpe with both processes shorter, the dorsal one branching from the dorsal margin of the other and longer than in Hyloicus caligineus sinicus, curving dorsad apically; phallus with apical process longer, much longer than in Sphinx caligineus sinicus.
Female genitalia: Ostial plate with lobe proximal to ostium longer and narrower than in Hyloicus pinastri, but individually variable.